석남 이경성(石南 李慶成, 1919-2009)의 뮤지엄 인식과 실천

이인범(Lee, Ihn Bum) 한국근현대미술사학회 2011 한국근현대미술사학 Vol.22 No.-

The intention of this essay is to give light on Lee Kyung-Sung(1919-2009)’s museum related activities. He was born in Incheon in 1919 when the March First Independence Movement occurred. He had been grown up under the Japanese Imperialism in his youth, and since the age of 26 when he had become the director of Incheon Municipal Museum after gaining independence from Japan, he was solely in the field of museum establishment until his death in 2009. Lee particularly contributed much in establishing the National Museum of Contemporary Art Korea and its process of settlement. What motivated him to be involved in the activities for the museum in Korea where the field was so barren and alien? What was the value he was seeking for while concentrating on the task of museum establishment throughout his whole life? How do his activities in the field associate with the national development of museum system, formation of nation-state and the worldwide development of museum system after the Second World War? These questions are the starting points of this writing. His activities in the field began amid the flow of the Western invasion on the East and Japanese colonization of Korea. Being immersed in ‘the fine art’ was his way of transcending the unfortunate reality of the nation, and therefore working on the issue of museum system became his place of act. As soon as gaining liberation from the Japanese regime, he served as a director of Incheon Municipal Musuem, which is recorded as the nation’s first public museum that was both established and managed by him. After that, Lee worked as a staff in museums of Ehwa Woman’s University and a director of Hongik University respectively. And subsequent to the April 19 Revolution, he derived a conclusion for establishing the National Museum of Contemporary Art Korea ? in 1986, he directed and developed schemes for the settlement of the museum as a director, pioneering a public realm for the fine art in Korean society for the first time. As he set an objective for going beyond the ill-fated Korean historic reality during the modern period, his perception and practice regarding the museum in the field of fine art was first designed to focus on forming ‘subjectivity’ within the formation of nation-state, which was foundered during the colonial era. So the concept of ‘rationalization’, ‘modernization’ and ‘globalization’ were taken into account, paving the road for a public realm in the fine art by the establishment of National Museum of Contemporary Art. In that respect, Lee’s vision and practice for museum establishment was anchored in reality of the time, and his lifelong commitment in the activities were closely related to the task of forming a nation-state. It is doubtlessly the fact that the field he strived for was no one ever stepped into before him during the postwar years in Korea. His task of objective was that of Louvre Museum signifies the symbol of the French Revolution in one hand; and since then the museum contributed to the internalization of the revolutionary spirit, modern museum system in the West function as a project in order to form a nation-state or to overcome the difficulty it faces in other hand. Given that points, Lee’s activities in the field of museum establishment provide interesting comparisons to be explored with the cases. However, what kind of ‘modern fine art’ he actually sought for with the application of ‘rationalization’, ‘modernization’ and ‘globalization’ is still remained as an issue.

이승택의 ‘비(非)-조각’에 대하여: 기록 사진과 ‘포토-픽쳐’의 틈

이인범 ( Ihn-bum Lee ) 한국미학예술학회 2021 美學·藝術學硏究 Vol.64 No.-

1956년 인체 조각으로 데뷔한 이래 이승택은 조각뿐만 아니라, 드로잉, 회화, 대지예술, 설치, 퍼포먼스, 사진 등 다양한 장르에서 실험적인 활동을 펼쳤다. 그리고 그 실험성은 ‘비조각’ 개념으로 언급되어 왔다. 이승택의 청장년기 작업은 서구 근대 ‘조각’ 개념을 대상으로 한 예술적 실험이라는 점에서 ‘비조각’으로 다루어질 만하다. 그런데 1980년대 이후 그의 실험들은 조각 개념과 무관한 문화인류학적 오브제나 퍼포먼스 등 다양한 삶의 영역들에까지 확장되고 있다. 그런 점에서 후기 작업들까지 아울러 ‘비조각’ 개념 아래 거론할 수 있는지는 의문이다. 조각-비조각 같은 이분법적 접근으로는 재료, 기법 등 매체적 문제나 장르, 제작 연도 같은 기초적인 정보 확정도 어려운 경우가 적지 않다. 예컨대, 설치나 퍼포먼스로 취급된 작품들 중 적지 않은 것들은 재료로 그 기록 사진들을 활용하였을 뿐, 엄밀한 의미에서 기록 사진이 아니라 다만 그 위에 덧칠되거나 콜라주, 몽타주하여 재구성된 이미지들인 경우가 허다한 ‘포토-픽쳐’이다. 따라서 ‘비조각’이라는 단정 아래 논의 해온 이승택의 예술 세계를 그 발생사적 전후 관계, 작품 형식이나 기록에 대한 면밀한 검토를 바탕으로 새롭게 해석해야 할 여지가 적지 않다 Seung-Taek Lee has attracted attention in the Korean art world with experimental artworks, since he made his debut through a sculptural work in 1956. The experimental nature of his work has been referred to as a concept, ‘non-sculpture’ after he contributed his essay, “The origin of my non-sculpture” to a art magazine in 1980. However, the considerable errors are found in the relevant records of his works of art. Sometimes there are so many problematic errors in basic records of his works, especially documentary photography or the records of artwork such as the names, year of production, materials, techniques, size and etc. These errors not only make it difficult to identify the historical context between each works and his interaction with other artists, but also caused great confusion the understanding of his artworks. His performances and installations, which have been active since the 1980s, have been discussed through the photographic images. By the way many of them are not just records of objects or events but have been painted or collaged on photographies. Therefore taking it as an index that dictated actual works and characterizing them as an extension of the concept of ‘sculpture’ or its symmetrical concept ‘non-sculpture’. These Seung-Taek Lee’s photography works should be called his own ‘Photo-Picture’.

네이티브 광고의 브랜드 및 제품 노출이 수용자의 광고 인지와 태도, 공유 의도에 미치는 영향

이수범(Lee, Soo?Bum),송민호(Song, Min?Ho),문원기(Moon, Won?Ki),신명희(Shin, Myoung?Hee) 한국광고홍보학회 2016 광고연구 Vol.0 No.111

본 연구는 60명을 대상으로 아이트래킹과 실험연구를 병행하여 네이티브 광고의 효과를 파악하기 위해 네이티브 광고에 대한 인지, 수용자 태도, 공유 의도를 검증하였다. 구체적으로 네이티브 광고를 콘텐츠와 브랜드 및 제품의 노출 형태(직접 노출/간접 노출)를 고려하여 두 유형의 네이티브 광고에 대한 시각적 주의가 피험자들의 광고 인지에 미치는 영향을 비교하였다. 또한 두 유형의 네이티브 광고에 대한 태도(콘텐츠 태도, 브랜드 태도, 공유 의도)를 측정하여 각 유형에 따른 차이를 비교하였다. 분석결과, 직접 노출 형태의 네이티브 광고의 구성 요소 중 콘텐츠 본문에 브랜드 관련 문구를 포함하였을 때 피험자들의 광고 인지에 긍정적인 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 또한 각 노출 유형별 콘텐츠 태도의 차이는 유의미하지 않았으나, 직접 노출일 때 브랜드 태도가 더 호의적인 것으로 나타났다. 마지막으로 직접 노출일 때 네이티브 광고의 공유 의도는 상대적으로 높게 나타났다. 이러한 결과를 종합하여 네이티브 광고 제작을 위한 실무적 제언을 담았다. This study explored the effects of native advertising on readers’ recognition, attitude, and sharing intention. This study used both quasiᐨexperiment and eyeᐨtracking for 60 participants to analyze advertising effectiveness (Attitudes toward contents/brands, and sharing intention) of two types native advertisements such as brand exposure (direct/indirect). According to the result of this study, direct exposure type ads had a high advertisement recognition that included brand wording in ad contents. In addition, there was no significant difference of attitudes toward contents among each ad types but direct exposure type ads had more favorable brand attitude than indirect type ads. Finally, this study also showed that the sharing intention of direct exposure type ads were higher than indirect type ads. Based on the findings, this study provided a practical implication for the production of native advertising.

판상형 충전제의 함량과 배향에 따른 PP복합체의 영률 변화 연구

서상범(Sang Bum Seo),이용현(Yong Hyun Lee),정선경(Sun Kyoung Jeong),이승구(Seung Goo Lee),이기윤(Kee Yoon Lee) 한국고분자학회 2012 폴리머 Vol.36 No.2

이 논문은 판상형 충전제의 함량과 배향에 따라 폴리프로필렌 복합체의 영률 변화에 미치는 영향을 연구 하였다. 이론적인 예측은 Lee와 그의 연구자들에 의해 제안된 두 개의 종횡비, ρα=a1/a3과 ρβ=a1/a2 를 이용하여 3차원 타원체의 형상을 계산하였고 실험값과 비교 분석하였다. 판상형 충전제로 운모와 탈크를 사용하였다. 충전제의 형태는 SEM을 이용해 관찰하였고, 종횡비는 고분자의 흐름을 기준으로 좌표축을 설정하여 통계적 방법으로 계 산하였다. 충전제가 운모인 경우에 ρα=13.5와 ρβ=1.8이었고, 탈크의 경우는 ρα=3.8과 ρβ=1.4이었다. 또한 충전제 의 2개의 종횡비와 함량이 기계적 물성에 미치는 영향을 실험적으로 연구하였다. 운모의 경우 30 wt% 함량일 때 E11이 약 2.7배 향상되었다. 탈크의 경우는 E11이 약 2.3배 향상하였다. This paper studied the effects of the content and the orientation of the disk shape fillers on the modulus of PP composites. The experimental results were compared with the theoretical calculations which included the three dimensional ellipsoids and analyzed by two aspect ratios, ρα=a1/a3 and ρβ=a1/a2 proposed by Lee and his researchers. Mica and talc were used as disk shape fillers in the composites. The shapes of mica and talc were observed by SEM and aspect ratios were statistically calculated. For the case of mica, the average aspect ratios were ρα=13.5 and ρβ=1.8, and for the case of talc, they were ρα=3.8 and ρβ=1.4. Also, the effects of two aspect ratios and the content of filler on the mechanical properties were studied: For 30 wt% of mica, E11 increased up to about 2.7 times, and for the other case of talc, E11 increased up to about 2.3 times, respectively.

EXTRACTION OF LATERAL DEVICE PARAMETERS AND DOUBLE-DIFFUSED CHANNEL DOPING PROFILES OF VDMOST AND VIGBT USING C-V MEASUREMENT

Kim,Jong Oh,Kim,Min Seok,LeeㅡKwang Il,Kim,Bum Man 대한전자공학회 1995 ICVC : International Conference on VLSI and CAD Vol.4 No.1

An extraction method for device dimensions and lateral channel doping profiles of VDMOST and VIGBT has been developed. Using C-V data between the gate and drain (anode) at a high frequency, the lateral device structure parameters could be extracted. The extracted parameters are in a good agreement faith the expected value of fabricated devices. The proposed method in this paper will be very useful for analyzing electrical characteristics of VDMOST and VIGBT.

[PF-0008] Genetic diversity and genome-wide association study in pumpkins (Cucurbita moschata) originated from East Asia

Eun Su Lee(Eun Su Lee),Ye-Rin Lee(Ye-Rin Lee),Oakjin Lee(Oakjin Lee),Hee-Bum Yang(Hee-Bum Yang),Hye-Eun Lee(Hye-Eun Lee),Koeun Han(Koeun Han),Do-Sun Kim(Do-Sun Kim) 한국육종학회 2022 한국육종학회 공동학술발표집 Vol.2022 No.-

DISCRETE GROUPS ACTING ON S³ x Rⁿ

Lee, Jong Bum,Lee, Kyung Bai,Frank Raymond TOPOLOGY AND GEOMETRY RESEARCH CENTER 1993 Proceedings of the Topology and Geometry Research Vol.3 No.-

We study the Seifert fiber space constructions modelled on the product space S3 x W in terms of Lee and Raymond's characterization ([LR2]), and show that if a discrete group Q acts properly discontinuously on a space W, then the trivial extension S3 x Q is the only extension of S3 by Q that can act weakly S3 -equivariantly on S3 x W. When Q is a discrete group acting properly on R² with compact quotient, the discrete groups acting on S3 x R² as a group of weakly S3 -equivariant homeomorphisms (i.e. , as Seifert automorphisms) are characterized and the actions are described.

연구논문 : 무오사림(戊午士林) 이원(李원)의 내면세계(內面世界)와 조선후기 현양사업(顯揚事業)의 추이(推移)

이종범 ( Jong Bum Lee ) 호남사학회(구-전남사학회) 2010 역사학연구 Vol.39 No.-

이 논문의 문제의식은 역사상의 기억을 진보를 향한 기억과 현실에 안주하는 보수적 기억으로 구분한다는 문제의식을 바탕으로 작성되었다. 이를 위하여 15세기 후반 새로운 정치질서를 만들기 위하여 노력하다가 국왕과 훈구세력에 의하여 희생된 李원을 사례로 삼아 그의 사상과 지향을 살피고 이원을 기억하고 추모하는 후손과 지방사족의 노력을 시기별로 서술하고 여기에서 이원이 어떻게 기억되고 있으며 그러한 기억의 의미가 무엇인가를 정리하였다. 여기에서 다음과 같은 사실을 확인할 수 있었다. 첫째 훗날 이원에 대한 기억은 15세기 이원의 사상 및 학문 나아가 그가 이루고자 한 목표를 중심으로 하지 않고 다만 15세기 사림파의 종장이라고 일컬었던 김종직의 충실한 문인의 수준으로 축소되어 있었다. 둘째 이원의 가족사에 대한 구체적 진실이 捨象되고 조선전기 가장 충격적인 쫓겨난 어린 국왕을 복위하려는 이른바 상왕복위사건의 박팽년이라는 주인공의 외손으로 기억되었다. 이러한 기억과 추모는 이 가문이 한때의 역신의 외손 집안이라는 멍에가 오래 강인하게 남아있었기 때문이지만 한편으로는 그러한 난관에도 불구하고 이 집안을 다시 궤도에 올려놓는데 큰 역할을 하였던 여성을 전혀 기억하지 않는 결과를 낳았다. 그런데 이러한 기억은 조선후기 정치사회가 師弟관계와 학파세력이 바탕이 된 붕당정치의 시대이며 동시에 家父長制 宗法體制를 근간으로 한 中世社會象을 반영하는 것이다. 따라서 이러한 기억과 추모는 시대에 안주하는 보수적 기억으로 새로운 미래를 위하여 과거와의 대화의 산물로서의 진보적 기억은 아니었다. 이러한 현상은 조선후기 조상 및 先賢의 顯揚事業이 거의 비슷한 양상을 보인다는 점에서 이원과 이원의 가문에 한정되는 사례는 아니다. 그런데 이러한 현상이야말로 조선후기 학인가문과 양반사회는 그만큼 역동성을 잃어가고 있다는 반증이었다. 이에 비하여 권력투쟁에서 패배하였거나 경제적으로 몰락한 양반지식인이나 국가의 사회변동을 따르지 못하는 통치체제로부터 희생을 당한 일반민중은 점차 보수세력에게는 위험하게 여겨지는 새로운 사상과 이념 나아가 신앙을 찾기 시작하였다. 이것은 유교적 전통의 단절을 통한 내재적 전환과 맥락을 같이한다고 하겠다. This study which is derived from the a critical mind that historical memories are categorized into progressive and conservative, focuses on Lee Won who made every effort to create new political order but was sacrificed by the king and Hungu forces in late fifteenth century. The study examined her ideas and intentions, described efforts by her descendants and local scholars who honored her in each period and organized how she has been remembered and what it means. As a result, the followings were discovered: First, she was just considered as one member of literary group led by Kim Jong Jik who was referred as head of Sarimpa in the fifteenth century rather than a focus is given on her ideas and aims. Second, specific truth on her family was ignored and she was only remembered as a granddaughter of Park Paeng Nyeon who attempted to help a young prince who was expelled from the court restore his throne. She was under a yoke that she came from a family of rebellious subject, but despite of such difficulties she made a great contribution to restoring the fame of her family, but she has not been remembered at all. Such history reflects the aspect of medieval society based on factional politics which was a foundation of teachers-pupils relationships and scholastic powers, and patriarchal system. Therefore, it was not progressive as it was a product through conversation with the past. Such phenomenon is not limited to Lee Won and her families in that it has a similar aspect to the plan to make ancestors and ancient sages famous in late Joseon Period. It is a counter evidence that the scholastic families and aristocrats lost their dynamic power in late Joseon Period. In contrast, aristocrats who lost in power struggles or were financially deprived and the public who were sacrificed from tax system which was away from social changes began to find new ideas and faith which were considered as dangerous to conservative powers. It has the same context as inherent conversion through breaking off from Confucian tradition.

교대근무에 따른 소방공무원의 생체신호 변화 분석

이범주(Bum Joo Lee),홍장의(Jang Eui Hong),이은지(Eun Ji Lee),이상호(Sang Ho Lee),이선경(Sun Kyung Lee),이회문(Hoe Moon Lee),조동욱(Dong Uk Cho) 한국통신학회 2019 한국통신학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2019 No.1

목은 이색의 시문에 나타난 서예관 고찰

이기범(Lee, Gi-bum) 한국서예학회 2020 서예학연구 Vol.37 No.-

Mokeun(牧隱) Lee Saek(李穡, 1328-1396) was a scholar and writer who contributed greatly to the spread of Jujahak(朱子學) after studying in Yuan Dynasty and returning from abroad while living in a turbulent period of transition to the dynasty, which goes on to Joseon from Goryeo. He was ever respected as Yujong(儒宗) thanks to having trained Shinjin-Sadaebu(新進士大夫, new aristocrats) while acting as Seonggyun Daesaseong(成均館大司成), but was also a writer of great literature(大文豪) who left about 6000 poem(詩)s and around 200 prose(散文)s. He is a figure as well who left the most records in terms of calligraphy and painting(書畵) in the end of the Goryo Dynasty period. As for a modern scholar’s evaluation on Mokeun(牧隱), he is rated mostly as having Jaedo-based(載道的) literary view. However, Mokeun(牧隱) tended to show ‘Munjongdochul(文從道出)’ that affirmed the literary effective value. Because of this, even Mokeun(牧隱) himself left many poetic works. Moreover, as Sadaebu(士大夫) who learnt Jujahak(朱子學), which is neo-confucianism, most of his literary men became a leading figure in the founding of Joseon Dynasty. Thus, the tradition of affirming the literary effective value was continued until before the appearance of Sarimpa(士林派) in the mid-Joseon period. Munjongdochul(文從道出) as saying that this literature(文藝) of including calligraphy(書藝) needs to come from Do(道) is demanded cultivation(修養) so that literature and Do(道) can become the same stage. It was recognized that doing so leads to being available for the united stage of literature(文藝) and Do(道) and to what such calligraphy is true one. Hence, Nonseosi(論書詩, Discussible Poetry) that Mokeun(牧隱) described on writing recited natural scenery or objects, thereby having indicated the united state with Do(道). In this way, the natural objects that Mokeun(牧隱) expressed in poetry allowed a reader to have an opportunity of fostering an individual temperament(性情). Accordingly, the tendency was manifested that aims for a poetical style with Pyeongdam(平淡) and that hesitates to decorate sentence with a florid rhetoric(修辭法). This matter is closely related to the theory of poetic utility(效用論). With regard to King Gongmin(恭愍王)’s writing that left the most critical comment, six beautiful elements were suggested. And the six things that were presented corresponded to both the image of ideal king and the shape of Gunja(君子) that are requested in confucianism. That is to say, a king’s writing was emphasized with being regarded as the extreme point, which will need to be emulated by people, and as Gunja(君子)’s virtue, which originated from a king’s Deokhwa(德化). The critical style of poetry did put forward the possession of clean and elegant character with likening it to natural objects, and mentioned that even writing is naturally excellent because of having come from such clear personality. Unlike the poems by Lee Gyu-bo or Lee Gok, Lee Saek(李穡)’s poetry can be noticeably seen an interest in natural objects like ‘sky(天)’·‘wind(風)’·‘mountain(山).’ This shows the united state with Do(道) through natural objects. This seems to have intended to ultimately enlighten the contemporaries through poetry and prose(詩文). 목은(牧隱) 이색(李穡, 1328-1396)은 고려에서 조선으로 넘어가는 혼란했던 왕조교체기를 살아가며, 원나라에 유학하고 귀국하여 주자학의 보급에 공로가 큰 학자이자 문인이었다. 그는 성균관대사성(成均館大司成)을 지내며 신진사대부들을 양성하여 유종(儒宗)으로 추앙되기도 하였지만, 6000여 수의 시(詩)와 200여 편의 산문(散文)을 남긴 대문호이기도 하였다. 여말 서화(書畫)에 관한 가장 많은 기록을 남긴 인물이기도 하다. 목은에 대한 현대 학자의 평가는 대체로 재도적(載道的) 문학관을 지녔다고 평가하지만, 목은은 문예의 효용을 긍정한 ‘문종도출(文從道出)’의 경향을 나타내었다. 이 때문에 목은 자신도 많은 시작을 남겼을 뿐만 아니라, 그의 문인들은 신유학(新儒學)인 주자학을 익힌 사대부(士大夫)로서, 대부분 조선 건국의 주역이 되었음으로 문예를 효용을 긍정하는 전통은 조선 중기에 사림파(士林派)가 등장하기 전까지 계속되었다. 이러한 서예(書藝)를 포함한 문예(文藝)는 도(道)로부터 나와야 한다는 문종도출은, 문예가 도와 같은 경지가 되도록 수양(修養)이 요구된다. 그래야 문과 도가 합일된 경지를 이룰 수 있고, 그러한 서예가 진정한 서예라고 인식하였다. 그렇기에 목은이 글씨에 대하여 묘사한 논서시(論書詩)는 자연의 풍경이나 사물을 읊음으로써 도와 합일된 경지를 나타내었다. 이렇게 목은이 시에서 나타낸 자연 사물을 통하여 읽는 독자가 개인이 성정(性情)을 함양하는 계기가 되도록 하였다. 그래서 평담(平淡)한 시풍을 지향하고 화려한 수사법(修辭法)으로 문장을 꾸미는 것을 꺼리는 경향을 나타내었다. 이러한 점은 시의 효용론(效用論)과 밀접한 관계가 있다. 가장 많은 비평을 남긴 공민왕의 글씨에 대해서는 여섯 가지 아름다운 요소를 제시하였다. 그리고 제시된 여섯 가지는 유학에서 요구하는 이상적인 임금상이요 군자(君子)의 형상이었다. 곧 임금의 글씨는 사람들이 본받아야 할 극치 점이요, 임금의 덕화에서 나온 군자의 덕이라 여겨 중시하였다. 시의 비평방식은 자연의 사물에 비유하면서 맑고 고아한 인품을 가졌음을 제시하고, 그러한 맑은 인품에서 나온 것이기에 글씨도 저절로 훌륭하다고 했다. 이색의 시는 이규보나 이곡의 시와는 달리 ‘천(天)’·‘풍(風)’·‘산(山)’과 같은 자연물에 대한 관심이 두드러짐을 볼 수 있는데, 이는 자연물을 통하여 도와 합일된 경지를 나타내고, 이는 결국 시문을 통하여 동시대 인을 교화하려는 의도 있었던 것으로 보인다.