A green microextraction method in a narrow glass column for copper in artificial saliva extract of smokeless tobacco products

Sadaf S. Arain,Tasneem G. Kazi,Hassan I. Afridi,Naeemullah,Kapil D. Brahman,Muhammad B. Arain,Abdul H. Panhwar,Mariam S. Arain,Shahnawaz Baloch 한국공업화학회 2016 Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Vol.34 No.-

A green non-dispersive ionic liquid based microextraction (ND-ILmE) method was proposed for thepreconcentration of trace levels of copper (Cu2+) in artificial saliva extract (ASE) of smokeless tobaccoproducts (SLT). A 100 cm long, narrow glass column containing aqueous solution of Cu/ASE was used toincrease phase transfer ratio by providing more contact area between two medium, which drasticallyimprove the recovery of Cu-PAN complex into ionic liquid 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluor-ophosphate [C4mim][PF6]. At optimum experimental conditions, the detection limit and theenhancement factor were found to be 0.042 mg L 1 and 85, respectively. This method was successfullyapplied to real samples.

A Review on Processing Opportunities for the Development of Camel Dairy Products

Muhammad Asif Arain,Sundus Rasheed,Arham Jaweria,Gul Bahar Khaskheli,Ghulam Shabir Barham,Shabbir Ahmed 한국축산식품학회 2023 한국축산식품학회지 Vol.43 No.3

Camel milk has a significant and pivotal role in the diet of people residing in semi-arid and arid regions. Ever since ancient times, marketing of camel milk has remained insignificant due to nonexistence of processing amenities in the camel nurturing areas, hence the utilization of unprocessed camel milk has continuously remained limited at family level by the nomads. Due to the superior medicinal values and health promoting effects, incredible growth in the demand of camel milk and dairy products have been noticed all over the world during last two decades. Such emergence has led dairy industry to provide diversified camel dairy products to the consumers with superior nutritional and functional qualities. In contrast to bovine, very few food products derived from camel milk are available in the present market. With the advancements in food processing interventions, a wide range of dairy and non-dairy products could be obtained from camel milk, including milk powder, cheese, yogurt, ice cream, and even chocolate. In some regions, camel milk is used for traditional dishes such as fermented milk, camel milk tea, or as a base for soups and stews. Current review highlights the processing opportunities regarding the transformation of camel milk into various dairy products via decreasing the inherent functionality that could be achieved by optimization of processing conditions and alteration of chemical composition by using fortification method. Additionally, future research directions could be devised to improve the product quality.

Stochastic Optimization of Multipath TCP for Energy Minimization and Network Stability over Heterogeneous Wireless Network

( Zulfiqar A. Arain ),( Xuesong Qiu ),( Lujie Zhong ),( Mu Wang ),( Xingyan Chen ),( Yongping Xiong ),( Kiran Nahida ),( Changqiao Xu ) 한국인터넷정보학회 2021 KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Syst Vol.15 No.1

Multipath Transport Control Protocol (MPTCP) is a transport layer protocol that enables multiple TCP connections across various paths. Due to path heterogeneity, it incurs more energy in a multipath wireless network. Recent work presents a set of approaches described in the literature to support systems for energy consumption in terms of their performance, objectives and address issues based on their design goals. The existing solutions mainly focused on the primary system model but did not discourse the overall system performance. Therefore, this paper capitalized a novel stochastically multipath scheduling scheme for data and path capacity variations. The scheduling problem formulated over MPTCP as a stochastic optimization, whose objective is to maximize the average throughput, avoid network congestion, and makes the system more stable with greater energy efficiency. To design an online algorithm that solves the formulated problem over the time slots by considering its min-drift-plus penalty form. The proposed solution was examined under extensive simulations to evaluate the anticipated stochastic optimized MPTCP (so-MPTCP) outcome and compared it with the base MPTCP and the energy-efficient MPTCP (eMPTCP) protocols. Simulation results justify the proposed algorithm's credibility by achieving remarkable improvements, higher throughput, reduced energy costs, and lower-end to end delay.

Application of dual cloud point extraction for the enrichment of zinc in serum samples of psychiatric patients prior to analysis by FAAS

Mariam S. Arain,Tasneem G. Kazi,Hassan I. Afridi,Muhammad Bilal,Jamshed Ali,Abdul Haseeb 한국공업화학회 2018 Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Vol.62 No.-

It is reported in literature that zinc (Zn2+) has antidepressant activity. In present study Zn2+ was analyzed in blood serum of male patients having various psychiatric disorders (schizophrenia, depression, bipolar). As it is usually present in trace levels. Hence a novel, environmental friendly, dual-cloud point extraction (d-CPE) method was developed for the enrichment of its trace levels in acid digested serum samples. In the first step of d-CPE, Zn2+ was complexed with 1-(2-pyridylazo)-2-naphthol (PAN), and the complex was entrapped in a nonionic surfactant (Triton X-114). After achieving cloud point by heating, the mixture was separated into two layers i.e. aqueous and surfactant-rich by centrifugation. In second step of d-CPE, the analyte complex in the surfactant-rich phase was treated wih acid to extract back the metal analytes in acidic aqueous phase, the mixture was again heated upto cloud point and the whole procedure was repeated. This time the aqueous phase, having the metals, was taken and subjected to FAAS using conventional nebulization. The accuracy of the developed methodologies (conventional and d-CPE), were verified by their application to certified reference material of serum (CRM). Reliability of the method was checked by relative standard deviation (%RSD), which was found to be <5%. The limit of detection and limit of quantification were calculated for the proposed method as 1.09 μg/L, and 3.63 respectively and enhancement factor was found to be 40. The developed procedure was successfully applied to the serum samples of patients (male) having different psychiatric disorders and non-psychiatric control subjects for the determination of Zn2+.

Pharmacovigilance Studies of Oral Salbutamol in Chronic Asthmatic Patients in Different Clinical Setups of Hyderabad, Sindh, Pakistan

( Mudassar Iqbal Arain ),( Saira Shahnaz ),( Ramesha Anwar ) 대한결핵 및 호흡기학회 2021 대한결핵 및 호흡기학회 추계학술대회 초록집 Vol.129 No.-

Purpose Post marketing study is an ongoing process. In developed countries, it is one of most neglected phase of clinical trial. The current study was specially designed to assess the adverse drug reaction (ADRs) of Oral Salbutamol in chronic asthmatic patients at different clinical setups of Hyderabad, Pakistan. Methodology A cross-sectional study was conducted among 254 chronic asthmatic patients via purposive sampling method. The sample size was calculated on the basis of 5% of prevalence rate. Only those patients were enrolled who are on oral salbutamol (2 and 4mg Tablets). The confidence interval was 95%. The patients were enrolled from 10 different private clinical setups of Hyderabad, Pakistan. The data were analyzed using WHO assessment scale. Results Out of 254 patients, first group i.e. 154 patients were taken 2mg tablets and second group i.e.100 patients were on 4mg. Maximum ADRs were reported from second group i.e. 32 patients had developed various adverse reactions from minor to moderate. While 21 patients from first group had different adverse drug reactions. The most common ADRs were headache as minor ADR while tachycardia and arrhythmias were also reported as moderate ADRs. Mostly ADRs were reported in female as compared to male gender. The p value is less than 0.05. Based on WHO assessment scale, mostly ADRs were categorized in probable scale. Conclusion The Results revealed that on 4mg Salbutamol maximum number of ADRs were reported. There should be more focus to describe the underlying causes. Proper training will be utmost importance on reporting and dosing guidelines.

Sustaining Low-Carbon Emission Development: An Energy Efficient Transportation Plan for CPEC

Zubedi, Asma,Jianqiu, Zeng,Arain, Qasim Ali,Memon, Imran,Khan, Sehrish,Khan, Muhammad Saad,Zhang, Ying Korea Information Processing Society 2018 Journal of information processing systems Vol.14 No.2

Climate change has become a major challenge for sustainable development of human society. This study is an attempt to analyze existing literature to identify economic indicators that hamper the process of global warming. This paper includes case studies based on various countries to examine the nexus for environment and its relationship with Foreign Direct Investment, transportation, economic growth and energy consumption. Furthermore, the observations are analyzed from the perspective of China-Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC) and probable impact on carbon emission of Pakistan. A major portion of CPEC investment is allocated for transportation. However, it is evident that transportation sector is substantial emitter of carbon dioxide (CO2) gas. Unfortunately, there is no empirical work on the subject of CPEC and carbon emission for vehicular transportation. This paper infers that empirical results from various other countries are ambiguous and inconclusive. Moreover, the evidence for the pollution haven hypothesis and the halo effect hypothesis is limited in general and inapplicable for CPEC in particular. The major contribution of this study is the proposal of an energy efficient transportation model for reducing CO2 emission. In the end, the paper suggests strategies to climate researchers and policymakers for adaptation and mitigation of greenhouse gases (GHG).

Nonwoven Polyethylene Terephthalate Paper Loaded with Enzyme Coupled Multiwall Carbon Nanotubes for Superior Photocatalytic Activity for Water Remediation

Alvira Ayoub Arbab,Rabia Almas Arain,Raja Fahad Qureshi,Iftikhar Ali Sahito,선경철,정성훈 한국섬유공학회 2019 Fibers and polymers Vol.20 No.4

A highly photocatalytic, carbon coated nonwoven polyethylene terephthalate paper (CCPETP) is developed byusing the wet-laid method for photodegradation of dye effluents from the textile wastewater treatment. The designednonwoven PET paper is coated with Multiwall walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) catalyst coupled with cationised enzymeagent. Three different types of enzymatic coupling agents were used i.e. Lipase, Glucose oxidase, and Laccase, respectively. Enzymes are generally globular proteins, packed with amino complex N-terminals, oxygenated amines and hydroxyl atoms. The sequence of the amino acids specifies the structure which in turn determines the catalytic activity of the enzyme. Thecationization of the enzyme under acidic condition (~pH 3), detach the amino/oxygen complex structure from their corestructure and encapsulate over MWCNT surface. The coupled enzyme dissipates functional oxygenated amines, pyrrolic,pyridinic, graphitic and quaternary type of nitrogen contents. The attachment of functionalized surface groups withoutforming any defect-rich vacancy promotes efficient charge generation and photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue dye(MB) particulates. Besides, the suggested low-cost porous PET nonwoven paper helps to absorb a large number of dyemolecules for efficient dye degradation. The excellent photocatalytic activity of the proposed thin CCPETP photocatalyst ismainly attributed to its specific coupled enzyme, high adsorbing capacity of PET paper, and low recombination of thephotogenerated electrons and holes. The optimal loading content of enzyme coupled MWCNT over nonwoven PET paperdecolorized ~99.0 % methylene blue (MB) dye in 100 min. The excellent dye degradation efficiency of this low-cost materialis attributed its surface characteristics and high absorbing properties. The synergistic effect of cluster active sites and thefunctional amine/oxygen surface groups promoting the generation of ˙OH ions for MB degradation. The fabricatednonwoven paper is expected for large industrial applications and will provide a generic route towards the fabrication of textilestructured photocatalyst.

Sustaining Low-Carbon Emission Development: An Energy Efficient Transportation Plan for CPEC

( Asma Zubedi ),( Zeng Jianqiu ),( Qasim Ali Arain ),( Imran Memon ),( Sehrish Khan ),( Muhammad Saad Khan ),( Ying Zhang ) 한국정보처리학회 2018 Journal of information processing systems Vol.14 No.2

Climate change has become a major challenge for sustainable development of human society. This study is an attempt to analyze existing literature to identify economic indicators that hamper the process of global warming. This paper includes case studies based on various countries to examine the nexus for environment and its relationship with Foreign Direct Investment, transportation, economic growth and energy consumption. Furthermore, the observations are analyzed from the perspective of China-Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC) and probable impact on carbon emission of Pakistan. A major portion of CPEC investment is allocated for transportation. However, it is evident that transportation sector is substantial emitter of carbon dioxide (CO2) gas. Unfortunately, there is no empirical work on the subject of CPEC and carbon emission for vehicular transportation. This paper infers that empirical results from various other countries are ambiguous and inconclusive. Moreover, the evidence for the pollution haven hypothesis and the halo effect hypothesis is limited in general and inapplicable for CPEC in particular. The major contribution of this study is the proposal of an energy efficient transportation model for reducing CO2 emission. In the end, the paper suggests strategies to climate researchers and policymakers for adaptation and mitigation of greenhouse gases (GHG).

Regeneration of commercial SCR catalyst deactivated by arsenic poisoning in coal-fired power plants

Qiang Lu,Zulfiqar Ali,Hao Tang,Tahir Iqbal,Zulqarnain Arain,Min-shu Cui,Ding-jia Liu,Wen-yan Li,Yong-ping Yang 한국화학공학회 2019 Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering Vol.36 No.3

Arsenic species, which are inevitable components in flue gas from the coal combustion process, will result in severe deactivation of selective catalytic reduction (SCR) catalysts. In this paper, a novel method is proposed to regenerate the arsenic-poisoned commercial V2O5-MoO3/TiO2 catalyst collected from coal-fired power plants, including ammonia washing, H2 reduction, and air calcination. Activity tests indicated that the proposed method could recover the catalyst activity more than 96% of the fresh catalyst. Furthermore, detailed characterizations results indicated that this regeneration method could not only effectively remove the arsenic species, but also recover the active constituents of the catalysts to a considerable level. The proposed method offers a feasible strategy for the regeneration of poisoned commercial SCR catalysts and can effectively reduce the total denitrification cost for coal-fired power plants.

Synthesis of some novel adsorbents for antimicrobial activity and removal of arsenic from drinking water

Hafiz Badaruddin Ahmad,Gul E Yasmin,Shafique Ahmad Arain,Ijaz Ahmad Bhatti,Mazhar Hussain 한국화학공학회 2015 Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering Vol.32 No.4

Arsenic contamination in drinking water is alarming for human beings; especially for those people whouse ground water directly for drinking purposes. Attempts were made to design adsorbents for the removal of arsenic. Silica gel has been tested as adsorbent for such removal. After optimizing concentration, time and amount of adsorbent,Langmuir, Freundlich and D-R isotherms are drawn to determine different parameters for the evaluation of arsenicadsorption. Kinetics of adsorption is also calculated by using pseudo first order and pseudo second order rate equations. Zerovalent iron and manganese nanoparticles have been coated on silica gel and efficiency of removal of arsenichave been determined. Iron and manganese particles have been stabilized with polyvinyl alcohol (PVA). Similarly mixturesof iron-silver and manganese-silver nanoparticles have been synthesized by stabilizing with PVA, which show betterefficiency than individual nanoparticles of iron and manganese coated silica gel. The newly synthesized adsorbentsare very much effective for not only arsenic but also for antimicrobial activity. Concentration of arsenic in water hasbeen determined spectrophotometrically using variamine blue as indicator.