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快樂에서 觀念까지 — 『金甁梅』, 『紅樓夢』, 『品花寶鑑』에 나타난 남색 관계 비교
최윤주(Choi, Yoon-Ju) 중국문화연구학회 2021 중국문화연구 Vol.0 No.51
In the late Ming Dynasty, pederasty has been received social approval, it has become a trend. The scholars are among the most active leaders in the trend of the times. They tried to show their identity through their gay partners. This custom continued until the Qing Dynasty. In the Qing Dynasty, because of the prevalence of opera industry, scholars took Nandan[男旦] as gay partners. This trend affects the creation of novels, some of the works began to describe pederasty stories. It is worth noting that the pederasty stories appear in Jinpingmei, dream of Red Masions and Pinhua baojian. XiMenqing[西門慶] and Shutong[書童] of Jinpingmei, Jia Baoyu[賈寶玉] and Qin Zhong[秦鐘] of dream of Red Mansions, Mei Ziyu[梅子玉] and Du Qinyan[杜琴言] of Pinhuabaojian are all the relationships between men described by the author. Through the relationship between XiMenqing and Shutong, the author of Jinpingmei expresses XiMenqing"s desire to join the upper class. At the same time, it criticized the behind of society at that time. Through the relationship between Jia Baoyu and Qin Zhong, the author of a dream of Red Mansions shows the real emotional communication between men. Besides the author believes that homosexual emotion and heterosexual emotion are not different. The author of Pinhuabaojian wants to express the ideal pure feelings through the relationship betweenMei Ziyu and Du Qinyan, but what it describes is not ideal relationship, but the superiority of mainstream men over lower class men. Therefore, relationships between men could not develop into equal love relationships, but rather regressed.
최윤주(Choi, Yoon-Ju) 중국문화연구학회 2017 중국문화연구 Vol.0 No.37
“Pinhuabaojian” written love story between literati and female impersonators of the Qing Dynasty in Beijing, with The novel has unique style, some people, and “Hongloumeng” in comparison. There are three main characters relationship, that is Meiziyu[梅子玉] and Duqinyan[杜琴言], Tianchunhang[田春航] and Suhuifang[苏蕙芳], rich and Heixianggong[黑相公]. Each relationship has characteristics. First, Meiziyu and Duqinyan’s relationship rooted in genius arid beauty novels. Next, Tianchuhang and Suhuifang’s relationship is similar to traditional scholar and prostitute’s story. Finally, rich and Heixianggong of the relationship reflects the operatic life, showing the real features of the society at that time. ChenSen[陈森] through these characters and relationships, on the one hand describes the real life, on the other describes the image of his ideal female impersonators. Through these relationship, we can see the relation between literati and Female Impersonators in Qing Dynasty, and the author’s narrative attitude. As a result, these description stems from a sense of pride that literati hold deep in their hearts. They were enjoying to the female impersonators. Therefore, female actors have more feminine characteristics and conform to the taste of society. These passive female impersonators are also related to the absence of female characters in the novel, so Chensen will be his ideal female image of an female impersonators. He also admits that the female impersonators are a humble occupation. So at the end of the story, the ideal female impersonators get away from their job, and regains the identity of the male.
명청 시기 남풍 서사 속 官吏와 門子 관계 소고 - 『型世言』三十回를 중심으로
최윤주(Choi, Yoon-ju) 한국중어중문학회 2019 中語中文學 Vol.- No.77
After the mid-Ming Dynasty, scholars not only did not exclude or condemn homosexuality, but often took it as a romantic affair. At that time, people often mention Menzi. Menzi was considered to be a male favorite in the late Ming Dynasty. This idea is related to the role of Menzi in reality. Before the Ming and Qing Dynasties, Menzi were the gatekeepers. By the Ming and Qing Dynasties, the Menzi became a servant. Menzi helped the officials" miscellaneous work, so the relationship between the officials and Menzi more intimate. This relationship affects the novel. Xingshiyan’s Zhang Jiliang became a master of beauty and literacy. Later, the identity of the Menzi became the foundation of prosperity. The fictional sexual relationship between Menzi and Zhixian reflects the reality of the prevalence of male fashion in Ming and Qing Dynasties. Its significance lies in the author"s satire on official corruption.
자이언트 판다(Ailuropoda melanoleuca)에서 발생한 Yersiniosis 치료 1례
신남식,최윤주,권수완,한덕환,이기환,정희경,이창우,채찬희,김선중,권오경,이흥식,엽지용,Shin Nam-sik,Choi Yoon-ju,Kwon Soo-wahn,Han Duk-hwan,Lee Gi-hwan,Jeong Hee-kyoung,Lee Chang-woo,Chae Chan-hee,Kim Sun-joong,Kweon Oh-kyeong,Lee Heung-sh 한국임상수의학회 1995 한국임상수의학회지 Vol.12 No.1
Two giant pandas, which come from China have been roared in Yong-in Farmland zoo since 1994. One of them, which is female and 2 years old showed anorexia, mucous diarrhea and severe abdominal pain. It revealed neutrophilia and hypokalemia which suggested inflammation and loss of electrolytes by diarrhea. The mucous material contained intestinal mucoid epithelim which was infected Gram negative bacilli and infiltrated with neutrophils. The antibacterial therapy with nafcillin and ampicillin was not successful. Yersinia entrocolitica was implicated as a causative organism in the occurrence of bacterial enteritis. This organism had resistance to ampicillin, chlorampenicol, cefalothin, tetracycline, trimetoprim-sul-famethoxazole, erythromycin, gentamicin, kanamycin, carbanicillin and danofloxacin. It responded to the simultaneous administration of cefopherazone, flunixin-meglumine, physiological saline, Lactate Rainger's solution, sodium bicarbonate, KCL and vitamins and recovered after a period of 30days.
이혁수(Lee, Hyock-Su),최윤주(Choi, Yoon-Ju) 비판과 대안을 위한 사회복지학회 2017 비판사회정책 Vol.- No.55
본 연구의 목적은 수정된 과부담의료비 산식을 통해 의료이용 불평등을 규명하는 것이다. 국민건강보험의 부족한 보장성으로 인해 많은 국민들은 과도한 의료비 지출 발생에 대비하여 민간의료보험을 구매해왔다. 구매력에 따라 달라지는 민간의료보험의 보장범위와 의료이용은 건강불평등을 심화시키는 것으로 비판받고 있다. 의료불평등을 측정하는 기존의 과부담의료비는 이러한 우리나라 의료보장체계의 현실을 반영하는 데 한계가 있다. 의료비 지출에 민간의료보험을 포함하지 않거나, 가입유무의 이분변수로 측정되어 의료이용 불평등에 미치는 영향력을 명확히 측정하지 못한다. 민간의료보험 상품별 보장금의 차이가 다양한 현실을 고려하면, 민간의료보험 가입 개수보다 보장금으로 의료비 부담을 측정하는 것이 필요하다. 본 연구는 이러한 부분을 반영하여 의료이용의 불평등에 대한 민간의료보험의 영향을 파악하기 위해 기존 방식과 대안적인 방식으로 소득대비 의료비지출을 비교하였다. Model 1은 Wagstaff와 Van Doorslaer(2003)가 제안한 기존 과부담의료비 산식이며, Model 2는 본 연구에서 제안한 민간의료보험금을 기존 산식에 추가한 것이다. 분석결과 과부담의료비 기준이 상향될수록 미충족의료를 경험할 가능성이 높아짐이 재확인되었고, 미충족의료 경험의 발생가능성은 Model 1보다 Model 2에서 10% 높았다. 이를 통해 민간의료보험 시장과 그 역할이 커지고 있는 현 상황을 보다 적절하게 반영할 수 있는 과부담의료비 방식을 제안하면서, 의료비 부담을 경감시키고 국민건강보험만으로 의료서비스를 이용하는 계층의 미충족의료를 낮추기 위한 정책적인 대안을 제시하였다. The purpose of this study is to investigate the inequality of medical use by private health insurance. In the Korea, Private health insurance is an increasing factor in the use of medical services and medical costs. The catastrophic health expenditure has been used as a representative indicator of the present inequality in health care utilization. But the catastrophic health expenditure is limited to reflect the proper medical costs on the situation in Korea. The author argues the need for the catastrophic health expenditure calculation methods that include private medical insurance. Because private health insurance is not included in spite of income and expenses associated with the catastrophic health expenditure, and the contents of private health insurance in health care utilization gap is measured as a dummy. This study compared the health expenditure in the traditional manner with an alternative way to assess the impact of private health insurance on medical expenses. Model1 used a conventional method proposed by Wagstaff and Doorslaer (2003). Model2 is using a new method proposed in this study. As a result, If the increase to Income related medial expenditure, unmet health care experinces was lower by 10%, because the expenditure is to be reduced to medical costs for private health insurance.