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문병현,송주열,이현성,손경규,엄태환,김정우,김아름 대구대학교 정보통신연구소 2004 情報通信硏究 Vol.3 No.2
The system designed in this paper, can mark the interior state of greenhouse using sensors of temperature, humidity and illumination on greenhouse interior by greenhouse system for farm village area's agriculture automation. And, the real time monitor is possible real time monitoring by camera. Also, system that can supply water using spring cooler system and humidifier. The proposed system can sustain a designed environment of the greenhouse through rentilation fan, fluorescent light and roof door control. TCP/IP is used for the remote control of state the sensors in the client program. 본 논문에서 설계된 시스템은 농촌 지역의 농업 자동화를 위한 온실 시스템으로 온실 내부에 온도, 습도, 조도 센서를 이용한 온실 내부의 상태를 표시할 수 있으며 카메라를 이용하여 실시간 관측이 가능하다. 또한 본 시스템은 지붕 개폐, 스프링 쿨러와 가습기를 이용한 수분 공급, 환풍기, 형광등 등을 통하여 온실 내부의 환경을 유지시킬 수 있다. 모든 센서를 이용한 상태와 온실 제어를 TCP/IP를 이용한 클라이언트 프로그램에서 원격으로 관리할 수 있다.
Evaluation of etched enamel using quantitative light-induced fluorescence
( Ah-reum Lee ),( Hyun-soo Kim ),( Hee-won Ku ),( Ho-keel Hwang ),( Hyoung-hoon Jo ),( Jeong-bum Min ) 조선대학교 구강생물학연구소 2018 Oral Biology Research (Oral Biol Res) Vol.42 No.1
The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effect of etching on the ground and unground enamel using quantitative light-induced fluorescence (QLF). Thirty extracted incisors were used in the study. One-half of the labial surface of each tooth was ground with #400- grit SiC paper. The other half was left intact. Ground and intact surfaces were coated with nail varnish leaving rectangular windows of enamel uncoated. A 32% phosphoric acid gel was applied for 15, 30, 60 seconds. The mineral loss in terms of percentage of fluorescence (delta F) was assessed by QLF at baseline and after etching. Effect of etching time and mechanical pretreatment were analyzed with independent t-test and one-way ANOVA. Grinding the enamel before etching for 15 seconds and 30 seconds had a significant effect on demineralization. However, no significant difference in demineralization was observed between the ground and unground enamel with 60 seconds of etching. The ΔF values decreased with increased etching time. But there was no significant difference in the ΔF values between 15 seconds and 30 seconds, and 30 seconds and 60 seconds in both ground and unground enamel. Demineralization after acidetching can be quantified using QLF. The result indicated that the degree of demineralization increases with etching time and mechanical pretreatment.
Blood pressure–targeted stepwise resuscitation for hemorrhagic shock in rats
Lee, Jae Hyuk,Kim, Kyuseok,Jo, You Hwan,Kim, Min A,Lee, Kyoung-Bun,Rhee, Joong Eui,Doo, Ah-Reum,Lee, Min Ji,Park, Chan Jong,Kim, Joonghee,Chung, Heajin Lippincott Williams Wilkins, Inc. 2014 The journal of trauma and acute care surgery Vol.76 No.3
BACKGROUND: Generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) is an important mechanism of ischemia-reperfusion injury. Abrupt reoxygenation compared with slow reoxygenation has been known to increase ROS generation. Thus, slow and stepwise reperfusion can reduce ROS generation and subsequent ischemia-reperfusion injury. This study investigated the effect of slow reperfusion by blood pressure–targeted stepwise resuscitation (PSR) in hemorrhagic shock. METHODS: Pressure-controlled hemorrhagic shock was induced in male Sprague-Dawley rats for 1 hour. Rats were then allocated to one of three groups (no-resuscitation group, n = 14; PSR group, n = 15; rapid normalization of blood pressure (RR) group, n = 15). Survival time and hemodynamic changes were recorded and compared. Blood samples and liver tissue were harvested after 6 hours of resuscitation in surviving rats. RESULTS: All of the rats in the no-resuscitation group were expired before the end of the 6-hour observation period. Survival times were significantly longer in the PSR group than in the RR group (survival rates, 11 of 15 vs. 5 of 15, log rank p = 0.032). Plasma amino alanine transferase, histologic liver injury, and ROS generation in the liver tissue were significantly lower in the PSR group than in the RR group (all findings significant, p < 0.05). In addition, PSR significantly decreased plasma nitric oxide, liver interleukin 1&bgr;, and liver interleukin 6 compared with rapid resuscitation in addition to augmenting Akt survival pathways (all p < 0.05). CONCLUSION: Slow reperfusion by PSR decreased mortality, ROS generation, and liver injury in rats undergoing hemorrhagic shock. Stepwise resuscitation also decreased inflammatory cytokine production and augmented Akt survival pathways.
Study of Cu-X alloy seed layer on ITO for copper-plated silicon heterojunction solar cells
Lee, Sang Hee,Lee, Doo Won,Kim, Han Jun,Lee, Ah Reum,Lee, Soo Hong,Lim, Kyoung-jin,Shin, Won-suk Elsevier 2018 Materials science in semiconductor processing Vol.87 No.-
<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>For the reduction of optical loss and contact material cost in silicon heterojunction (SHJ) solar cells, copper plating has been considered as a suitable metallization technique. Usually, a metal seed layer is deposited on an indium tin oxide (ITO) prior to copper plating for adhesive contact between copper and ITO. As a requirement of suitable seed layer material, contact resistivity (ρ<SUB>c</SUB>) between the seed and the ITO is also important, as well as the adhesion, because high series resistance results in fill factor loss. In this study, we applied alloy seed layers which were deposited by co-evaporating copper with other metals (Cu-X). Contact resistivity values of the samples were extracted by using transfer length method (TLM). Also, tape tests were carried out to simply confirm the adhesion of contacts with different seed layers. Among the Cu-X alloy seed materials, the Cu-Ni alloy film resulted in good adhesion to the ITO as well as low average contact resistivity under 1 mΩ cm<SUP>2</SUP>.</P>