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Casein kinase 2 is a critical determinant of the balance of Th17 and Treg cell differentiation
장성웅,황수석,김형수,이경오,김민경,이원용,김기완,이갑열 생화학분자생물학회 2017 Experimental and molecular medicine Vol.49 No.-
Th17 cells promote inflammatory reactions, whereas regulatory T (Treg) cells inhibit them. Thus, the Th17/Treg cell balance is critically important in inflammatory diseases. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying this balance are unclear. Here, we demonstrate that casein kinase 2 (CK2) is a critical determinant of the Th17/Treg cell balance. Both the inhibition of CK2 with a specific pharmacological inhibitor, CX-4945, and its small hairpin RNA (shRNA)-mediated knockdown suppressed Th17 cell differentiation but reciprocally induced Treg cell differentiation in vitro. Moreover, CX-4945 ameliorated the symptoms of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis and reduced Th17 cell infiltration into the central nervous system. Mechanistically, CX-4945 inhibited the IL-6/STAT3 and Akt/mTOR signaling pathways. Thus, CK2 has a crucial role in regulating the Th17/Treg balance.
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일별자료를 활용한 KOSPI 와 KOSDAQ 간의정보전달에 관한 실증 연구
김종출,황수석,김규호,신삼인 경남대학교 산업경영연구소 2019 지역산업연구 Vol.42 No.3
This paper studied the inter-relationship and market efficiency between KOSPI and KOSDAQmarket. The whole sample period is covered from January 4, 2000 to December 28, 2017. Weused the daily closing price data and trading volume of KOSDAQ and KOSPI. For these purposewe introduced Granger causality test based vector auto regressive analysis and the major empiricalresults are as follows;First, according to the unit root test, we find that the level variable and the log differencevariables are stationary with a statistically significant level. Second, we also find that there is a co-integration relationship between the level variables ofKOSPI and the KOSDAQ markets. Third, based on the Granger causality test, there is a feedback information transmissionbetween the returns of KOSDAQ and KOSPI but the impact of KOSPI is more dominant. Fourth, according to the impulse response analysis based on the vector auto regressive model,there is a similar relationship between the KOSPI and KOSDAQ returns. From these empirical results we infer that KOSPI is more efficient market than KOSDAQ andwe hope these results to helpful for the two market participants to make a investment decision andrisk management etc. 동 연구는 우리나라 KOSPI와 KOSDAQ에서의 일별 수익률과 거래 변화량 정보를 이용하여두 시장 간의 정보효율성에 대한 상호 인과관계를 여부를 분석하였다. 연구 기간으로는 2000년1월 4일부터 2017년 12월 28일까지이며, 총 4,446개의 KOSPI 및 KOSDAQ 일별 종가 자료와거래량 자료를 사용하였다. 연구 방법으로는 VAR모형에 기초한 그랜저(Granger) 인과관계 분석을 이용하였으며 주요 분석 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, KOSPI와 KOSDAQ의 수익률과 거래 변화량에 대한 분석을 위한 수준 변수와 차분 변수는 모두 안정적인 자료였으나, 상대적으로 차분 변수의 데이터가 보다 더 안정적인 자료로 나타나 차분변수를 활용하여 분석하였다. 둘째, KOSPI와 KOSDAQ의 각 변수 간에는 귀무가설이 통계적 유의한 수준에서 기각되었으며, 두 시장의 각 변수 간에는 장기적인 균형 관계가 존재함이 확인되었다. 셋째, VAR모형에 기초한 그랜저(Granger) 인과관계 분석결과, 두 시장의 수익률 간에는 상호영향을 미치는 피드백적인 영향이 있는 것으로 나타났으며, 그 영향의 크기는 KOSDAQ 수익률이 KOSPI 수익률에 미치는 영향력이 더 큰 것으로 나타났다. 넷째, 충격 반응에 대한 분석 결과에서는 KOSPI 수익률은 KOSDAQ 수익률에는 큰 영향을 받지 않는 것으로 나타났으나, KOSDAQ 수익률은 KOSPI 수익률과 자기 자신 모두에게 영향을 받는 것을 확인할 수 있었다. 이러한 분석 결과로 KOSPI와 KOSDAQ의 변동성은 KOSPI와 KOSDQ 두 시장 간에는 상호 영향을 미치는 피드백 적 영향을 미치고 있으며, 그 영향의 정도는 KOSPI가 KOSDAQ에 미치는 영향력이 상대적으로 더 큰 것을 확인할 수 있었다.
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The transcription factor Batf3 inhibits the differentiation of regulatory T cells in the periphery
이원용,김형수,황수석,이갑열 생화학분자생물학회 2017 Experimental and molecular medicine Vol.49 No.-
Naive CD4 T cells activated by antigen-presenting cells (APCs) undergo terminal differentiation in the periphery. Multiple mechanisms determine their fates, that is, whether they differentiate into conventional T (Tconv) cells or regulatory T (Treg) cells. The key event during Treg generation is expression of the transcription factor Foxp3, which is the lineage-determining regulator for Treg differentiation and function. Here we show that the transcription factor Batf3 acts as a fate-decision factor with respect to Tconv versus Tregs by restraining Treg differentiation. Batf3 was preferentially expressed in effector CD4 T cells but not in Treg cells, and ectopic expression of Batf3 inhibited Foxp3 induction. Batf3-deficient CD4 T cells favorably differentiated into Treg cells in vitro and in colonic lamina propria. Batf3 KO mice also showed enhanced Treg function in gut-associated immune disease models (for example, ovalbumin tolerance and inflammatory bowel disease models). Batf3 bound to the CNS1 region of the Foxp3 locus and reduced expression of the gene. Thus, Batf3 is a transcriptional suppressor of Treg differentiation.
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RNA Metabolism in T Lymphocytes
최진욱,함정현,황수석 대한면역학회 2022 Immune Network Vol.22 No.5
RNA metabolism plays a central role in regulating of T cell-mediated immunity. RNA processing, modifications, and regulations of RNA decay influence the tight and rapid regulation of gene expression during T cell phase transition. Thymic selection, quiescence maintenance, activation, differentiation, and effector functions of T cells are dependent on selective RNA modulations. Recent technical improvements have unveiled the complex crosstalk between RNAs and T cells. Moreover, resting T cells contain large amounts of untranslated mRNAs, implying that the regulation of RNA metabolism might be a key step in controlling gene expression. Considering the immunological significance of T cells for disease treatment, an understanding of RNA metabolism in T cells could provide new directions in harnessing T cells for therapeutic implications.
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Emerging role of anti-proliferative protein BTG1 and BTG2
Sang Hyeon Kim,In Ryeong Jung,황수석 생화학분자생물학회 2022 BMB Reports Vol.55 No.8
The B cell translocation gene 1 (BTG1) and BTG2 play a keyrole in a wide range of cellular activities including proliferation,apoptosis, and cell growth via modulating a variety ofcentral biological steps such as transcription, post-transcriptional,and translation. BTG1 and BTG2 have been identifiedby genomic profiling of B-cell leukemia and diverse lymphomatypes where both genes are commonly mutated, implyingthat they serve as tumor suppressors. Furthermore, a low expressionlevel of BTG1 or BTG2 in solid tumors is frequentlyassociated with malignant progression and poor treatment outcomes. As physiological aspects, BTG1 and BTG2 have beendiscovered to play a critical function in regulating quiescencein hematopoietic lineage such as Hematopoietic stem cells(HSCs) and naïve and memory T cells, highlighting their novelrole in maintaining the quiescent state. Taken together, emergingevidence from the recent studies suggests that BTG1 and BTG2play a central anti-proliferative role in various tissues and cells,indicating their potential as targets for innovative therapeutics.
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