홍대용의 철학 사상

허남진 ( Nam Jin Huh ) 진단학회 1995 진단학보 Vol.- No.79

Two Aspects of Practical Learning (Shirhak;實學) - Hong Tae-yong's case -

허남진 ( Huh Nam-jin ) 서울대학교 규장각한국학연구원 2001 Seoul journal of Korean studies Vol.14 No.-

The Article is intended to present that two seemingly contradicting aspects - the Neo-Confucian, traditional or pre-modem aspect and the post-Neo-Confucian, modem aspect - coexist under a term "Practical learning". This duality of Practical Learning that stands in the middle of the continuity and the discontinuity of the intellectual tradition of Chosǒn creates much confusion in the recent studies on Practical Learning. About such confusion, I believe, we can make clear the relation between traditional Neo-Confucianism and Shirhak via the Thought of Hong Tae-yong. Hong Tae-yong, a Neo-Confucian scholar of Nakron tradition, was, at the same time as a scientist, interested in western sciences transmitted through China to Chosǒn. By and large, he has been categorized as a devoted successor of Nakron who was faithful to the doctrine of the identity/ distinction of the nature of man and things, and thereby established a doctrine on the nature of mind that man and things are fundamentally same. In due course, as was popularly accepted, he came to be involved in the research on the nature of things. In this work, the present writer has tried to suggest and demonstrate a hypothesis: As he was engrossed in natural sciences such as astronomy from very early stage in his career, the positive spirit of western sciences must have rendered him to reform the speculative, value-centered Neo-Confucian world view. This is the reason, I believe, why he approved the doctrine on the nature of mind which negates value system at the expense of the established value-centered doctrine. In order to demonstrate this hypothesis, his disposition and background in the field of western sciences were introduced, and then the discourse on the nature of mind with reference to li and qi. was also introduced and analyzed in detail. In. his mind theory of li and qi, Hong Tae-yong seems to deny the universal moral value of li and xing in favor of the universality devoid of morality. It goes without saying that, in accordance with li, ren, an attribute of the former, also falls within the sphere of relativism. Hong's concept of qi is closer to the concept of matter than that of any other qi-philosopher is. In particular, 'layered' four-element theory that myriad things in the universe are originated from the four elements, namely qi, fire, water, earth, which are traced back to the primary qi, characterizes his philosophy of qi symbolizing incorporation of traditional theory of qi and western scientific ideas. It is noteworthy, therefore, that his philosophy of qi, by getting rid of the value-oriented Confucian moralism, paved the way leading to the establishment of modem world view.

주체사상과 마르크스주의의 아시아적 수용

許南進(Nam-jin Huh) 한림대학교 아시아문화연구소 1991 아시아문화 Vol.- No.7

성리학에서 다산학으로

허남진(Nam-jin Huh) 인제대학교 인간환경미래연구원 2013 인간 · 환경 · 미래 Vol.- No.10

이 글은 다산사상의 체계와 의미를 밝히고자 하는 것이 아니라 다산사상에서 서학이 지닌 의미가 무엇이었나를 생각해 보기 위한 것이다. 다산의 철학도 다른 위대한 사상들과 마찬가지로 당대의 사회와 학술을 향한 발언이다. 필자는 다산이 처한 학문적 환경으로 18세기 조선 성리학과 서학의 전래를 꼽았다. 그래서 다산사상의 출발점을 서학의 수용으로 잡지 않고 성리학 비판으로 잡았다. 다산은 출발부터 끝까지 넓은 의미에서의 유학자였다. 서학은 다산이 성리학적 도덕형이상학을 부정하고 본래의 유학을 찾는 과정에서 만난 징검다리였다. 다산은 조선성리학을 대신할 수 있는 단순하고 실천적인 철학체계와 개념이 필요했고 그러한 필요를 어느 정도 충족시킨 사상이 서학이었다. 성리학적 틀을 부정하고 맹자와 순자를 절충한 새로운 유학을 세우려니 새로운 개념들이 필요했던 것이다. 그래서 다산은 서학 중의 여러 개념을 원용해 쓰게 된다. 천주-상제, 영체, 영명, 기호, 외경, 사천, 신독 등의 개념을 동원하여 선진 유학의 본래적 의미를 되살리고자 한다. 다산에게서의 서학은 성리학에서 다산학-다산식의 유학-으로 넘어가는 도정에 있는 하나의 가교였다고 생각한다. This article attempts to illuminate on the large scale the role ‘Western Learning’(西學) plays in Dasan’s philosophical system. Dasan’s philosophy is, like that of other great thinkers, to be considered as a thoughtful and critical response to the social conditions and academic discussions of the time. Hence, the starting point of Dasan’s thought should be on criticisms toward Neo-Confucian ideologies of his contemporaries, rather than on the acceptance and embrace of Western Learning. Dasan is from beginning to end a Confucian in a broad sense. The significance of Western Learning for Dasan is, therefore, to be seen as a vehicle for him to leave behind the Neo-Confucian moral metaphysics and to go back to the original meaning of Confucianism.

성기호설(性嗜好說)과 성선설(性善說) -다산(茶山)의 ≷맹자(孟子)≸ 해석-

이해임(LEE Hae-Im),허남진(HUH Nam-Jin) 한림대학교 태동고전연구소 2019 泰東古典硏究 Vol.43 No.-

정약용은 선을 좋아하고 악을 싫어하는 마음을 가지고 맹자의 성선설을 이해한다. 무엇을 좋아하고 싫어함은 일종의 감성적 지각이다. 그런데 정약용은 어떻게 성선이라는 보편성을 확 보할 수 있었을까? 그는 사람마다 도의지성을 갖고 있으며, 이 도의지성은 마음의 영명한 지각으로 상제가 내려주신 것이라고 주장한다. 이 때문에 몸의 욕구가 갖고 있는 지향성과 달리 마음의 영명한 지각은 선에 대한 의지를 확고하게 실현할 수 있다. 그리고 선에 대한 의지는 미발 함양이나 이발 찰식과 같은 수양론을 필요로 하지 않는다. 이는 상제가 사람들에게 내린 명령으로, 선에 대한 의지를 세우기만 하면 누구라도 도덕실천을 할 수 있다. 따라서 정약용의 맹자 성선설 이해는 수양론보다 실천론에 방점을 두고 있는 것이다. Jeong Yak-yong understands the Meng-zi s theory of innate goodness with a mind that likes goodness and hates evilness. What you like and dislike is a kind of sensory perception. But how did Jeong Yak-yong secure the universality of innate goodness? He argues that each person has The Nature of Way and Righteousness, and that it was given to him by God in his mind as a bright moral perception. Therefore, unlike the orientation that the body s desire has, a bright moral perception of the mind can firmly realize its will to moral Inclination. And the will to moral Inclination does not require the theory of cultivation as the moral building of wei-fa and the moral searching of yi-fa. This is an order from the God to the people, and anyone can practice morality if they have a will to do goodness. Therefore, Jeong Yak-yong s understanding of the Meng-zi s theory of innate goodness is focused on the theory of practice rather than on the theory of cultivation.

요추천자 시술중 뇌척수압을 간단히 측정하는 방법

박승옥(Seung Ok Park),박원(Weon Park),김도연(Do Yeon Kim),허남진(Nam Jin Huh),최광해(Kwang Hae Choi),정철주(Chul Zoo Jung) 대한소아신경학회 1997 대한소아신경학회지 Vol.5 No.1

연구배경 : 소아에서 뇌척수압은 정확한 측정이 필요한 경우는 드물지만 압력이 정상인지 증가 되었는지를 아는 것은 중요할 수 있다. 요추천자 시술 중 협조가 되지 않은 소아에게 압력계를 이용해 뇌척수압을 측정하는 것이 쉽지 않다. 이에 저자들은, 소아에서 흔히 사용되는 척수천자침으로, 뇌척수액이 떨어지는 방울 수와 시간을 뇌척수압과 연관시키는 counting period를 결정함으로써, 뇌척수업을 측정할 수 있는 간단한 방법을 발견해 보고자 본 연구를 시행하였다. 방법 : 1997년 4월부터 5월까지 본원 소아과에 입원한 환자 중 뇌막 자극증상이나 패혈증으로 뇌척수액검사를 필요로 하는 15명을 대상으로, 소아의 척수천자 시술에 가장 많이 사용되는 22-guage 3.5-inch와 23guage 3.5-inch 척수천자침을 척수강내에 삽입한 후, 먼저 압력계로 척수액 방울 수를 1분 동안 센 다음, 상호 관계를 비교해 counting period를 결정하였다. Counting period가 결정된 다음에는, 전형적으로 10명의 환아에서 먼저 counting period동안 떨어지는 뇌척수액 방울수를 뇌척수압으로 결정하고, 압력계를 이용한 뇌척수압과 비교하였다. 결과 : 22 G 3.5inch 천자침을 이용한 counting period는 40초. 23 G 3.5-inch 천자침을 이용한 coungting period는 54초였다. 일정한 시간 동안에 천자침을 통해 떨어지는 뇌척수액 방울 수를 세어서, 그것을 뇌척수압으로 결정하는 counting period를 적용해, 전향적으로 10명의 환아에서 뇌척수압을 먼저 정한 후, 다시 압력계로 측정해 본 결과와 비교해 보았더니 모든 환아에서 10% 범위 내에 있었다. 결론 : 소아에서 뇌척수압을 측정하는 방법으로 counting period가 연구되었고 전향적으로 몇 명의 환자에서 시험되어졌다. 뇌척수액을 시험관에 받으면서 counting period동안 떨어지는 척수액 방울 수를 세기 때문에, 압력계로 측정하는 것보다 시술이 간단하고, 편리하며, 압력계를 파손할 염려가 없고 비용을 줄일 수 있으며 시술 중 오염의 빈도를 줄일 수 있을 것으로 사료된다. Background: Precise measurement of cerebrospinal(CSF) pressure rarely is needed, but it is frequently helpful to know whether CSF pressure is normal or elevated. It is often difficult to measure CSF pressure by manometer during lumbar puncture in uncooperated children. The purpose of this study was to determine appropriate counting periods for two commonly used spinal needles. Methods: Fifteen infant and children(from 1½ months to 9 years of age) with sepsis or meningeal irritation sign between April 1997 and May 1997 had measured CSF pressure. In this study, No. 22 or 23-guage, 3.5-inch, sharp, beveled spinal needle with a properly fitting stylet were used. After spinal needle is inserted in the lumbar subarachnoid space, estimated CSF pressure by manometer, and then counted drops of CSF during one minute period. A counting period can be dertermined such that the unmber of drops counted will approximate the CSF pressure in centimeters of H₂O. After these times were calculated, the method was verified in patients by comparing manometric pressure to drop count. Results: Counting periods for which the number of drops equals the pressure were then established for each needle size. Counting periods were determined at 40 seconds for 22-guage 3.5-inch needles, and 54 seconds for 23-guage 3.5-inch needles. The method was prospectively tested in 10 patients by comparing drop count over the calculated counting period to manometric pressures. In all cases, drop counts were within 10% of manometric pressure. Conculsions: This conting period method enables simple, rapid estimation of CSF pressure during lumbar puncture. Because drops can be counted while fluid is collected, the technique is more convenient than manometric pressue measures. Elimination of the manometer also reduced costs and may reduce the frequency of breaks in sterile technique.

Enflurane 마취가 B 형 간염 항원 양성 환자에 미치는 영향

허남진,이상화,조성경,김봉일 대한마취과학회 1988 Korean Journal of Anesthesiology Vol.21 No.4

It is well known that halogenated anesthetics have been mainly used for inhalation anesthesia these days. However many controversies still exist concerning hepatic cellular damage after halothane anesthesia. Although several articles have been issued concerning the effects of halogenated anesthetics for hepatitis B surface antigen positive patients, a study of frequent research and strict case collections is meaningful. The authors observed the effects of enflurane anesthesia on 15 HBsAg positive patients who had not recognized themselves whether they had hepatitis symptoms or were carriers. During the period of study, all groups (enflurane study group and enflurane and halothane control groups) did not experience any difficulty with the anesthesia, blood transfusion, and jundice, etc. The comparative data of liver function tests did not show great differences during the convalescent period. According to this and other recent studies, we can positively conclude that halogenated anesthetics, especially enflurane, may favorable be used to administer HBsAg positive patients, unless any undesirable problems related to anesthesia exist.

공간개념과 성역할 관계에 관한 연구

허남진 서울여자대학교 여성연구소 1985 여성연구논총 Vol.1 No.-

The purpose of this study was firstly to investigate sex differences in horizontality concept development of early adolescence and secondary to examine an effect of sex-role as a cause of sex difference in space concept development. The subjects were 69 boys and 70 girls of first grade middle school students residing in Seoul. Horizontality performance was assessed by using the Piagetian Water-level tasks. Subjects were shown a glass jar and a rectangular bottle one-quarter filled with coloured water and asked to draw the position of predicted water surface for the bottles in various tilted bottle. Sex-role was measured by using the revised Bem Sex Role Inventory. Data analysis consisted of t-test and X2 -test. In the present study, there were significant Sex differences in the acquisition of the horizontality concept, i.e. boys performed better than girls. (P < .001) Sex-role was not significantly related to horizontality performance in both sexes. The results also showed a significant relationship between cross sex-typed and horizontality performance only for boys, i.e. femining boys performed better than masculine boys. Androgynous subjects did not best performed horizontality task among 3 sex-role orientation and androgyny scores did not show any meaningful relationship with horizontality performance.

지속적 경막외 마취시 발생한 카테터거치 이상

허남진,이상화,김봉일,조공래,노운석 대한마취과학회 1990 Korean Journal of Anesthesiology Vol.23 No.1

Since the epidural catheterization has been widely used for the purpose of anesthesia, diagnosis and pain control, there are various undesirable complications and hazards through the technical procedure or catheterization itself. Authors have experienced several hazards of location of the epidural catheter tip which were detected by epidurography performed the 1st. or 2nd. postoperative day with 50% Angiograffin. Hazards were as follows; 1) Single air bubble in the epidural space. 2) Inappropriate placement of the catheter tip. 3) Kinking of catheter in the epidural space. 4) Intravascular placement of the catheter.