19세기 영국소설에 나타난 신체해부학 실험에 대한 연구 : 프랑켄슈타인을 중심으로

추재욱(Jae-uk Choo) 한국문화융합학회 2019 문화와 융합 Vol.41 No.3

이 연구는 메리 셸리의 소설 프랑켄슈타인에 나타난 인간 및 동물 신체 해부에 초점을 맞추고 있다. 역사적 배경과 더불어 이 작품을 자세히 살펴보면 근대 유럽국가에서 이루어졌던 의학과 해부학에 대한 많은 지식이 드러난다. 특히 프랑켄슈타인은 18세기 후반과 19세기 초반의 해부학과 생체해부학의 발전을 잘 반영하고 있다. 그 시대에 있어서 갤버니 이론과 같은 많은 의학적, 화학적, 그리고 생리학의 발견들이 이루어져 생명의 원리에 대한 과학자들의 호기심을 충족시켜 주었다. 프랑켄슈타인에 잘 나타나 있듯이 인간과 동물의 신체 의학과 생리학의 발전 과정에 있어서 많은 시체가 훔쳐져, 의사와 과학자들의 칼과 손에 의해 해부되고 휘저어 졌다. 잔인하고 무자비한 실험을 방지하려는 법과 규약에도 불구하고 프랑켄슈타인과 같은 인물로 비유될 수 있는 존 헌터와 같은 과학자들은 해부학 연구를 멈추지 않았다. 이와같이 해부적인 관점에서 프랑켄슈타인을 살피는 것은 역사적, 사회적, 문화적 맥락에서의 다양한 과학적 의학적 담론을 가능하게 한다. This study focuses on human and animal anatomy experimentation in literary works like Mary Shelley’s Frankenstein. Examining the novel together with the historical background reveals a considerable amount of medical and anatomical knowledge in modern European countries. In particular, Frankenstein reflects the development of anatomy and vivisection studies in the late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries. In that period, many medical, chemical, and physiological discoveries galvanic theory, for example were made because of scientists curiosity about the principles of life. In the development of medical or physiological research on human and animal bodies, dead bodies were stolen, dissected, and violated by the knives of surgeons and the hands of scientists, as depicted so clearly in Frankenstein. Despite laws and acts to prevent cruel and merciless experimentation, some scientists, such as the late 18th century surgeon John Hunter, on whom the character of Victor Frankenstein was partly based, did not stop their anatomical research. The current study found that reviewing Frankenstein from an anatomical perspective can highlight diverse scientific and medical discourses in their historical, social, and cultural contexts.

영문창작 스토리텔링-콘텐츠 개발 사례 연구

추재욱(Choo, Jae-uk),송은영(Song, Eun-young) 인문콘텐츠학회 2015 인문콘텐츠 Vol.0 No.38

이 논문의 목적은 한국문화 유산을 바탕으로 한 영어 동화 창작의 필요성과 우리 대학생들의 영어 동화 창작의 가능성을 보여주고자 함이다. 중앙대학교에서 2012년-2013년 겨울방학에 개최된 “4주간의 글로벌 스토리텔링 프로젝트”에서 이루어진 학생들의 이야기 창작 과정을 최종적인 프로젝트 결과와 함께 비교, 분석하였다. 최종적인 결과물이 아마존 온라인 서점에서 판매될 수 있게된 이 프로젝트를 통하여 우리는 한국문화유산을 바탕으로 한 영어 이야기를 개발해내는 것이 필요하며, 비록 한국에서라도 우리 학생들이 좋은 교육을 받을 기회가 주어진다면 영어로 이야기를 쓸 수 있는 소질을 충분히 개발시킬 수 있음을 알게 되었다. 본 프로젝트의 결과는 학생들의 영어 협업 글쓰기의 효과가 상당하며, 몇몇 학생들은 아동?청소년뿐만 아니라 성인을 위한 작가로 성장할 잠재성이 있음을 잘 보여주었다. 특히 린다 수박처럼 학생들이 한국 문화유산을 이야기의 원천으로 잘 활용한다면 다른 외국작가들과 경쟁할 수 있는 좋은 작가로 성장할 수 있음을 확인하였다. 그러한 측면에서 본 연구는 미래에 이러한 종류의 협업 영어 글쓰기 프로그램을 해보고자하는 관계자들에게 큰 도움이 될 것이라 여겨진다. The goal of this paper is to suggest a necessity of writing children stories in English based on Koran culture and legacy and a possibility of college students’ producing English creative stories. The students’ story-making process has been reviewed with an analysis of the result of “The 4 week Global Storytelling Project,” which had been held during the 2012-2013 winter vacation at Chung-Ang University. It is found that developing English stories about Korean culture and legacy would be necessary and that students would be able to develop their talent in writing English stories here in Korea if they are given a good opportunity to do so. The result of our project certainly shows that the effectiveness of students’ collaborative writing was great and that some individual students would be able to be great writers not only for children and teens, but also for adult readers. Especially if they, like Linda Sue Park, make the best use of Korean culture and artifacts as material sources for their story, they could make themselves distinguished from other foreign writers of children’s literature. In that sense, it could be thought that our research will help those who want to employ this kind of collaboration program in the future.

기관 없는 신체로서의 폭력기계 알렉스: 들뢰즈적 관점에서 『시계태엽장치 오렌지』 읽기

추재욱 ( Jae Uk Choo ) 한국현대영미소설학회 2014 현대영미소설 Vol.21 No.2

In the novel, Alex at the age of 15 is a leader of a small scoundrel gang with Pete, George, and Dim. His strong desire to get free from the prison gets him to have a curiosity of Ludovico experiment and to volunteer for an object of the experiment in which his undesirable violent disposition is removed. The experiment project is planned by the government that has proclaimed “Safe Society.” In the experiment, ironically, watching the scenes of violence and obscenity and listening to the classical music make him feel unbearable pains in mind and body. Accordingly, his violent inclination seems to be physically removed. When a huge government tries to bind Alex as an incarnation of violence machine, it is psychologically implied that the government incarcerates “schizophrenic” Alex into “Oedipal paranoia” state, in Deleuzian terms. However, deterritorial interpretation of Alex`s violence leads us to think that the limitless desire from his Body without Organs is like creative one flowing from youthful madness. Simply speaking from theoretical and aesthetic terms, therefore, Alex`s self-generating violence can be interpreted not as a violent and cruel physical power, but as a limitless artistic and productive energy.

의미 형성의 서사학으로서의 차이와 반복 : 들뢰즈적 의미의 사건에서의 에디파의 인식론적 경험을 중심으로 Oedipa`s Epistemological Experience in Deleuzian Events

추재욱 ( Jae Uk Choo ) 한국영미문화학회 2004 영미문화 Vol.4 No.1

햄릿의 광기: 탈영토적 욕망기계

추재욱 ( Jae Uk Choo ) 21세기영어영문학회 2008 영어영문학21 Vol.21 No.1

과학과 문학, 문학 속의 과학: 빅토리아 시대 소설 속의 과학의 "괴물들"

추재욱 ( Jae Uk Choo ),이규정 ( Kyu Jeoung Lee ) 한국비교문학회 2015 比較文學 Vol.0 No.67

이 논문의 목적은 과학과 과학자들이 빅토리아 시대의 소설 속에 어떻게 반영되고 있는가를 살피는 것이다. 빅토리아 시대의 작가들이 과학에 대해많이 배울 수 있었기에 우리가 오늘날 과학소설이라는 이야기들을 창작해낼수 있었다. 그러한 이야기들은 “괴물” 혹은 “악마”라고 칭하는 비이성적인 존재들을 창조하는 실험을 통해 이성의 한계에 도전하는 과학자들을 다룬다. 하지만 그 실험의 결과란 단지 괴물이라고 불리는 존재들만이 유일하다 할수 있을까? 과학적인 마음을 가졌다는 것은 창조적인 마음을 지니고 새로운것에 도전하는 것을 두려워하지 않고, 기꺼이 어떠한 어려움을 극복하려고 도전하는 태도를 지녔다는 것을 의미한다. 그런데 그러한 마음의 과학자들은 실험을 통해 사회를 발전시키고자 하면서도, 다른 한편으론 자신들의 무분별한호기심과 이기적인 욕구들을 충족시키고자 한다. 왜 빅토 프랑켄슈타인은 생명체를 만들고 나서 곧 바로 그것을 포기하였을까? 지킬 박사는 하이드로 자신의 삶을 마치게 되고, 결국 죽은 후에서나 본래 자신의 모습으로 돌아올수 있게 되었을까? 『프랑켄슈타인』, 『투명 인간』, 『지킬 박사와 하이드』, 이세 작품은 유사한 하나의 특징을 지닌다. 곧 각각의 과학자들이 비이성적 존재를 만들어내고, 결국 비극적 결말을 맺는다는 사실이다. 이러한 소설 속의 과학자들은 자신들의 연구가 귀중하며 그 실험 결과가 역사 속에 위대한 업적의하나로 기억될 수 있을 것이라고 믿는다. 하지만 그 결과는 실상 그렇지 못하다. 사회는 과학의 결과물들에 대해 두려움을 지닌다. 그런데 아마도 사회가 더두려워하는 것은 그 실험의 결과물들 그 자체가 아니라 바로 그것들을 만들어내고있는 그 과학자들일 수도 있다는 사실이다. This paper aims to review how science and scientists are reflected in Victorian fiction. In the Victorian era, many writers could learn about science, and therefore produce stories which we now refer to as ‘science fiction,’ and which depict scientists challenging the limits of rationality, through experiments that produce irrational beings, referred to here as “monsters” or “devils.” However, are the products of the experiments the only ones that can be called ‘monsters’? Having a scientific mind means being creative, being unafraid to try new things, and willing to attempt to overcome any difficulties. Moreover, it implies that scientists are trying to find ways to improve the world via science. While science may indeed be viewed as a way to develop society, it can also be used as a means of simply satisfying the scientists’ curiosity and selfish needs. What has driven Victor Frankenstein to create a creature, and then abandon it? Why is Griffin unable to get help from other people? What has made Henry Jekyll end his life as Edward Hyde, only to return to his original self after death? The three writers of the famous Frankenstein, The Invisible Man, and Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde finished their books with one similar feature: their central figure, a scientist who brings irrational results into being, is met with a tragic death. These fictional scientists seem to believe that what they are doing is invaluable, and that their experiments will be remembered as some of the most wonderful achievements throughout history. Yet, the results are not of that kind. It turns out that society ends up fearing the results of science. Perhaps it is the scientists that the society fears, not their accomplishments.

토머스 핀천 소설의 생태학적 고찰: 『브이』와 『중력의 무지개』를 중심으로

추재욱 ( Choo Jae-uk ) 대한영어영문학회 2007 영어영문학연구 Vol.33 No.4

It is generally thought that ecology is a study of nature and environment. However, the meaning of the word is more comprehensive. Ecology is the science of the relationship between organisms and their environment. Organisms include all the elements of the universe such as rocks, air, mountains, water, cloud, animals, plants, planets, and even humans. It is when they are in a state of pure immanence that their ecological relationship is the most stable and sound. According to Gilles Deleuze, the pure immanence is ‘complete power’ and ‘complete bliss’. To establish the pure immanence, all the elements should be in the most optimal relationship in which one does not otherize the others. In that sense, cyborg in Thomas Pynchon’s V. and Gravity’s Rainbow is a good example with which the favorable interrelationship between humans and the other elements can be discussed. (Chung-Ang University)

진화론과 생태학의 관점에서 본 과학, 의학과 몸의 상호관계성 연구 : 『지킬 박사와 하이드』, 『도리언 그레이의 초상』과 『모로우 박사의 섬』을 중심으로

추재욱 ( Jae Uk Choo ) 근대 영미소설 학회 2010 근대 영미소설 Vol.17 No.3

Body transformations, whether of humans into animals or of animals into humans, appear often in the Victorian novels like Dr. Jekyll and Mr Hyde, The Island of Dr Moreau, and The Picture of Dorian Gray. The body transformations in the novels seemed to be i

인공지능 괴물성에서 포스트휴먼 정체성으로 ―『프랑켄슈타인』과『뉴로맨서』를 중심으로―

추재욱 ( Jae-uk Choo ) 한국현대영미소설학회 2021 현대영미소설 Vol.28 No.2

The monster in Frankenstein is generally considered the origin of the artificial intelligence as the monster is artificially made with scientific principles and acquires human language, culture, and history through endless repetition as if in the deep learning system. Wintermute in Neuromancer is Tessier-Ashpool SA’s artificial intelligence armed with statistics and mathematics. During Frankenstein monster’s attempt to acquire his female companion and Wintermute’s pursuit to merge with Neuromancer, his sibling artificial intelligence, they exercise murder, fraud, and violence. The monstrosity they show in the challenge derives ultimately from the pains of alienation and isolation, and maladaptation that they suffer. The artificial creatures such as the monster and the artificial intelligence that the creator, an individual or corporation, creates only for their purpose suggest the implicit vision of the future world, but it is not certain whether the future will offer humans hope or danger. The artificial creatures are also members of the posthuman society that will take over the humans’role, competing and struggling with their creators. As the name Frankenstein has ambivalent implications, the creators could be real monsters much more than the creatures are because those who create the monsters with immoderate passion and desire are more dangerous than the creatures. Accordingly, it is important and necessary for humans to control individual or capitalist desire, and also to achieve the co-existent life with balance and harmony in the future posthuman society.

대위법적 문명의 의미 탐색 : 헉슬리의 『멋진 신세계』

추재욱(Choo, Jae-Uk) 문학과환경학회 2014 문학과 환경 Vol.13 No.2

This paper aims to explore the meaning of "civilization" often addressed in the Brave New World. It is not until one understands the writer"s point-counterpoint narrative that the re/discovery of the civilization in the new world is fully made through a step-by-step approach to the text. Accordingly, the past and present historical meaning of the New Mexican Reservation should be first reviewed to know why Huxley foregrounds the reservation along with the brave new world in the text. Secondly, two episodes will be compared; the past historical episode that Gorillas were exhibited in London in 1861 and the present fictional one that John the Savage from New Mexico Reservation is experimented with as an ape in the zoo. Creating the point-counterpoint narrative quoting or using many of the historical or fictional characters in the novel, Huxley has implicitly led us to rediscover what the real civilization should be like in the future unlike that depicted in the dystopian novel. Huxley seems to suggest the attitudes that T. H. Huxley and Matthew Arnold should have had in their argument as to which one is superior to the other, science or culture/literature; T. H. Huxley should have more valued the culture and literature, and Matthew Arnold the science. In brief, Aldous Huxley argues those two should be integrated into the social and cultural society. Finally Huxley seems to say that it is only when both humanity and science are reciprocally respected that human society would prosper without losing the value of humanity even in the scientific world.