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건성안을 동반한 갑상샘안병증에서 0.05% 사이클로스포린 A 점안액 사용 후 눈물막과 안구표면의 변화
최원,박영걸,조재갑,윤경철,Won Choi,Yeoung-Geol Park,Jae-Kap Cho,Kyung-Chul Yoon 대한안과학회 2010 대한안과학회지 Vol.51 No.10
Purpose: The present study was performed to evaluate the changes in tear film and ocular surface parameters after using sodium hyaluronate (SH) 0.1% alone or in combination with cyclosporine A (CsA) 0.05% in patients with thyroid- associated ophthalmopathy accompanied by dry eye. Methods: A total of 72 eyes from 36 patients were divided into two groups; 36 eyes of 18 patients were treated with 0.1% SH alone (group 1), and 36 eyes of 18 patients were treated with SH 0.1% and CsA 0.05% (group 2). Tear break-up time (BUT), basal tear secretion test (BST), tear clearance rate (TCR), fluorescein staining (FS) and corneal sensitivity test (CST) were evaluated at pre-treatment and one, three and six months post-treatment. Conjunctival impression cytology was performed and tear CXCL11 (Chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand) levels were measured pre-treatment and three months post-treatment. Results: BUT, BST, TCR, KEP and CST were significantly improved at six months in group 1 (p < 0.05) and at three months in group 2 (p < 0.05). The degree of conjunctival squamous cell metaplasia, goblet cell density and tear CXCL11 levels were significantly changed at three months in group 2 (p < 0.05). However, there were no significant changes in group 1 after 3 months. Conclusions: Combined use of topical 0.1% SH and 0.05% CsA can result in early improvement in tear films and ocular surface parameters in patients with thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy accompanied by dry eye. J Korean Ophthalmol Soc 2010;51(10):1319-1326
UV-VIS 초분광 위성센서 모의복사휘도를 활용한 다양한 관측환경에서의 에어로솔 유효고도에 대한 O4 대기질량인자 민감도 조사
최원이 ( Wonei Choi ),이한림 ( Hanlim Lee ),최철웅 ( Chuluong Choi ),이양원 ( Yangwon Lee ),노영민 ( Youngmin Noh ) 대한원격탐사학회 2020 大韓遠隔探査學會誌 Vol.36 No.2
본 연구에서는 복사전달모델을 사용하여 다양한 변수환경(파장 (340 nm, 477 nm), 에어로솔 종류(스모크, 황사, 황산염), AOD (aerosol optical depth), 지표면 반사도, 관측기하)에 따라 에어로솔 유효 고도(aerosol peak height; APH)에 대한 O<sub>4</sub> 대기질량인자(air mass factor; AMF)의 민감도를 조사하였다. 전반적으로, 477 nm의 O<sub>4</sub> AMF 가 340 nm 보다 APH에 대한 민감도가 크고 안정적으로 산출 가능한 것으로 확인하였다. AOD가 높을 때 APH에 대한 O<sub>4</sub> AMF의 민감도가 커지는 것을 확인하였다. 477 nm에서는 340 nm 보다 지표면 반사도의 영향이 큰 것으로 나타났다. 태양천정각 증가에 따라 340 nm에서의 O<sub>4</sub> AMF가 감소하는 추세를 발견하였으며, 이러한 경향은 태양천정각 40°인 환경에서 높은 Rayleigh 및 Mie 산란에 의한 장벽효과로 인해 O<sub>4</sub> 흡수가 발생하는 광경로 길이가 줄어들기 때문인 것으로 사료된다. 477 nm에서는 태양천정각이 증가함에 따라 Rayleigh 및 Mie 산란에 의한 다중산란이 일부 발생하여 O<sub>4</sub> AMF가 비선형함수 형태로 증가하는 경향을 보였다. 마지막으로, AOD의 불확실성이 APH 산출오차에 미치는 영향을 조사하였다. 황산염 타입에 대한 APH 산출 시, AOD의 불확실성으로 인한APH 산출오차가 다른 에어로솔 타입보다 크게 나타났으며, 황사의 경우 AOD 불확실성에 대한 APH 산출오차에 대한 영향이 미미하게 나타났다. 이러한 결과는 각 에어로솔 타입의 흡수 산란 특성이 다양하기 때문에, 에어로솔 타입이 APH 산출 오차에 영향을 미칠 수 있음을 의미한다. In this present study, the sensitivity of O<sub>4</sub> Air Mass Factor (AMF) to Aerosol Peak Height (APH) has been investigated using radiative transfer model according to various parameters (wavelength (340 nm and 477 nm), aerosol type (smoke, dust, sulfate), aerosol optical depth (AOD), surface reflectance, solar zenith angle, and viewing zenith angle). In general, it was found that O<sub>4</sub> AMF at 477 nm is more sensitive to APH than that at 340 nm and is stably retrieved with low spectral fitting error in Differential Optical Absorption Spectroscopy (DOAS) analysis. In high AOD condition, sensitivity of O<sub>4</sub> AMF on APH tends to increase. O<sub>4</sub> AMF at 340 nm decreased with increasing solar zenith angle. This dependency is thought to be induced by the decrease in length of the light path where O4 absorption occurs due to the shielding effect caused by Rayleigh and Mie scattering at high solar zenith angles above 40°. At 477 nm, as the solar zenith angle increased, multiple scattering caused by Rayleigh and Mie scattering partly leads to the increase of O<sub>4</sub> AMF in nonlinear function. Based on synthetic radiance, APHs have been retrieved using O<sub>4</sub> AMF. Additionally, the effect of AOD uncertainty on APH retrieval error has been investigated. Among three aerosol types, APH retrieval for sulfate type is found to have the largest APH retrieval error due to uncertainty of AOD. In the case of dust aerosol, it was found that the influence of AOD uncertainty is negligible. It indicates that aerosol types affect APH retrieval error since absorption scattering characteristics of each aerosol type are various.
광릉긴나무좀(Coleoptera: Platypodidae)의 수간내 분포와 참나무 피해
최원일,이정수,최광식,김종국,신상철,Choi, Won-Il,Lee, Jung-Su,Choi, Kwang-Sik,Kim, Jong-Kuk,Shin, Sang-Chul 한국응용곤충학회 2008 한국응용곤충학회지 Vol.47 No.2
참나무시들음병의 매개충인 광릉긴나무좀, Platypus koryoensis(Murayama)은 한국에서 참나무시들음병원균인 Raffaelea sp.를 매개하는 것으로 알려져 있다. 참나무시들음 발병정도는 광릉긴나무좀의 밀도에 의존적인 것으로 추정되고 있다. 이에 (樹幹)내 천공수와 집중도가 참나무 피해정도에 미치는 영향을 구명하기 위하여 본 연구를 수행하였다. 수락산 피해지에서 고사목 6그루와 피해목 28그루의 신갈나무의 피해정도, 단위면적당 천공수, 천공간 최근거리를 수간의 상부(지표로부터 50cm)와 하부(지표면)에서 조사하였다. 상부와 하부에서의 천공수는 양의 상관을 보였으며 천공간 최근거리 또한 같은 경향을 보였다. 천공수가 증가할수록 수목의 피해도가 심하였으나 수목의 피해도가 심할수록 천공간 최근거리는 감소하였다. 천공의 분포도 수목의 피해도가 증가할수록 집중분포에서 군일분포로 바뀌었다. 광릉긴나무좀이 초기에는 집중적으로 공격을 하나 수간내 밀도가 증가함에 따라 종내경쟁이 일어나고 경쟁의 결과 개체간 간섭현상이 유도되고 천공의 공간적 분포가 균일하게 변환하게 된다는 것을 암시하는 것이다. Ambrosia beetle, Platypus koryoensis, is a vector of oak wilt disease caused by Raffaelea sp. in Korea. The degree of damage by oak wilt disease was dependent on the density of the beetles in the oak trunk, a relationship between the degree of damage by oak wilt disease and the density of beetle on the basis of the number of entry hole was studied. Entry hole distribution within tree trunk was analyzed by the nearest neighbor method. Thirty four oak trees (Quercus mongolica) located in survey area were selected and then degree of damage, the number of attack hole/$623cm^2$ in upper (50cm from the surface) and lower (surface) trunk and the nearest neighbor distance between the holes were measured. The number of hole and the nearest neighbor distance in upper and lower part were positively correlated with each other. As the degree of damage was severer, the number of the holes increased, whereas the nearest neighbor distance decreased. The distribution pattern of the hole was changed from clumped one to uniform as the severity of damage increased. These results suggested that Platypus koryoensis attacked the oak tree in concentrative manner at initial stage of attack but at final stage, it distributed uniformly to reduce intraspecific competition between the beetles.
최원일(Won-Il Choi),최은화(Eun-Hwa Choi),서진원(Jin-Won Suh),전성곤(Seong-Kon Jeon) 한국지반신소재학회 2016 한국지반신소재학회 논문집 Vol.15 No.2
얕은 토층의 무한사면 파괴가 예상되는 지역에서 안전율 계산에 영향을 주는 지역적 특징인 뿌리점착력을 고려하지 않은 무한사면 안전율은 뿌리점착력을 적용한 무한사면 안전율 보다 낮은 수치로 해석되는 경향이 있다. 따라서 합리적인 무한사면의 안전율을 계산하기 위하여 지역적 특징을 반영한 안전율 해석이 필요하다. 본 연구에서는 수목의 뿌리와 수관밀도가 무한사면의 안전율에 미치는 영향을 분석하기 위하여 기존 무한사면 안정해석 방법에 수관밀도를 고려한 뿌리 점착력 이론을 적용하여 안전율의 변화를 비교 분석하였다. 해석결과 뿌리점착력의 효과로 인하여 안전율이 증가하지만, 사면의 경사에 따라서 안전율의 증가량이 다른 것으로 분석 되었으며, 뿌리점착력의 보강 효과는 완만한 경사의 사면일수록 커지는 것으로 나타났다. The safety factor of an infinite slope tends to be analyzed as lower when the effects of root cohesion are not considered into the equation. Thus, it is essential to consider regional characteristics such as root cohesion and crown density in order to obtain a reasonable safety factor value. In this study, The safety factor of the landslide model, both before and after considering crown density and root cohesion, was calculated and a comparative analysis was carried out. The safety factor is increased by the effect of roots cohesion of the analysis results, the amount of increase in safety factor along the inclination of the slope angle has been analyzed with various things, the effect of reinforcing the roots cohesion, slope of the lower angle it was found that the higher the safety factor increase.
유한요소법을 이용한 3차원 염해 침투 예측 모델의 개발
최원,김한중,Choi, Won,Kim, Hanjoong 한국농공학회 2015 한국농공학회논문집 Vol.57 No.5
Most of agricultural structures located in seashore could not avoid rapid deterioration of concrete because chloride-ion and $CO_2$ gradually penetrate into concrete. However, since most of models can be able to describe the phenomenon of penetration by using one or two dimensional models based on finite difference method (FDM), those modes can not simulate the real geometry and it takes a lot of computational time to complete even the calculation. To overcome those weaknesses, three dimensional numerical model considering time dependent variables such as surface concentration of chloride and diffusion coefficient of domain based on finite element method (FEM) was suggested. This model also included the neutralization occurred by the penetration of $CO_2$. Because the model used various sizes of tetrahedral mesh instead of equivalent rectangular mesh, it reduced the computational time to compare with FDM. As this model is based on FEM, it will be easily extended to execute multi-physics simulation including water evaporation and temperature change of concrete.