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최병렬 충북대학교 과학교육연구소 2003 과학교육연구논총 Vol.19 No.1
청주도폭의 북서부 1/4에 해당하는 지역 즉 동경 120°15′00″-127°22′30″와 북위 36°37′30″- 36°45′00″ 사이에 위치하는 곳으로 동서 약 11.1km, 남북 약 13.9km 로서 면적은 약 154.㎢의 수계를 검토하여 보았다. 하천의 총 길이는 약 362.167km에 달하는데이들 하천을 흐르는 방향에 따라 10° 간격으로 나누어 비교한 결과 하천의 길이가 가장 우세한 방향은 150°-230°(남동-남서)사이이고, 이 지역의 하천의 개수는 498개로 남동-남서 방향에 빈도수가 높은 곳이 모여 있다. 하천의 길이가 우세한 방향과 빈도수가 높은 방향은 동일한데 이는 조사지역이 차령산맥의 남쪽 사면에 위치하는 것에 영향을 받은 것으로 판단된다. 그러나 하천의 평균길이와 하천의 흐르는 방향과는 상관관계가 낮음을 보여 주는데 이는 청주도폭 북서부에 발달한 하천은 하천의 길이가 긴 방향과 동일한 방향으로 다수의 수계가 발달되어있다 하더라도 그의 평균 길이가 긴 것이 아님을 지시한다. The study area is located in the northwestern part of Cheongju geologic quadrangle(1:50,000), which is between 127°15'00"-127°22'30" in longitude and 36°37'30"-36°45'00" in latitude. Entire area is approximately 154.3 km^(2), 11.1 km of E-W direction and 13.9 km of N-S direction. The drainage system of the area is analyzed and discussed in the context of directions and frequency of the streams. Total length of the streams is measured about 362.167 km. Directions of the streams are divided into the angle of 10°and compared one another. The predominant direction related to the length of the streams is in the range between 150" and 230°(SE and SW). The total number of the streams is measured 493, and the frequency of the streams in SE-SW direction is high. Predominant direction in length and in high frequency of the streams is identical, which is estimated to be affected by the fact that the study area is located in the southern slope of the Charyeong Mountains in Korea. However, the results show that correlation between average length of the streams and water flowing direction is low. This fact indicates that the average length of several drainage systems in northwestern quadrangle of Cheongju geologic map is not too long, although several drainage systems are developed in the same direction as the one of long streams.
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소화성궤양 출혈의 내시경적 지혈술 후의 조기 재출혈에 관한 우험 인자 분석
최병렬,서영진,박순우,배정동,김호각,박정기,정의달,권중구,이창형 대한소화기내시경학회 2000 Clinical Endoscopy Vol.21 No.6
Backgrund/Aims: Rebleeding rate after initial endoscopic hemostasis in patients with ulcer hemorrhage has been reported in 20-30%, Identification of patients who are at high risk for rebleeding would be expected to improve the outcome of endoscopic hemostasis. The purpose of this study was to evaluate risk factors for early rebleeding after initial hemostasis in the view of clinical and endoscopic characteristics. Methods: We reviewed 99 patients who presented with bleeding peptie ulcers and were treated with endoscopic hemostasis including hypertonic saline injection, electrocautery and clipping. We compared the clinical variables (age, pulse rate, hemoglobin), endoscopic characteristics of ulcer (size, number, and location of ulcer, clots on the base, bleeding stigmata, size and color of exposed vessel) between the patients who bled early (n=22) and who didnt bleed (n=77) within 5 days. Results: The statistically significant correlates with early rebleeding after hemostasis were number of comorbid illness (≥2) (p=0.031), volume of transfusion (≥5 units) (p=0.001), size of ulcer (>1 cm) (p=0.038), multiple ulcers (p=O.O2O), presence of blood clots on ulcer base (p=0.012), stigmata (active bleeding and visible vessels) (p=0.010), size of exposed vessel (>1 mm) (p<0.0001). In multivariate analysis, volume of transfusion (odds ratio[OR] 14.4), size of ulcer (OR 11.7), multiple ulcers (OR 5.5) and size of exposed vessel (OR 13.2) were significant risk factors. Conclusions: The risk factors for early rebleeding after hemostasis in bleeding peptic ulcer can be predicted by clinical variables and endoscopic findings. Early identifieation of risk factors such as transfusion over 5 units, large-sized ulcer, multiple ulcers, bleeding stigmata and size of exposed vessei over 1 mm can predict the prognosis of peptic ulcer bleeding.
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최병렬 충북대학교 과학교육연구소 2002 과학교육연구논총 Vol.18 No.1
The purpose of the study is to evaluate stability of rock surfaces by using the methods of rock mechanics and engineering geology, on which a negatively engraved sculpture in Bangudae is engraved. The discontinuities with more than 1.0m-long are included in the measurements of discontinuities on rock surfaces in Bangudae. The representative directions of the discontinuities are analyzed as N50E/90 (140/90), EW/78N (360/78), N18E/70NW (288/70), N22W/78SW (248/78), and N34E/70NW (304/70). A graphic method in this study is performed by using stereonet projection in order to statistically plot data directly measured from the field survey. The results indicate that one of the discontinuities, N50E/90 (140/90) with maximum continuity is distributed more than 50% of all discontinuities plotted, and that the position of the discontinuity in the stereographic projection is included in the area of toppling envelope. Therefore, the results suggest that the discontinuity has higher possibility by toppling failure, and also wedge failure along the direction of N48W is possibly generated.
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최병렬,이안성,최동훈,Choe, Byeong-Ryeol,Lee, An-Seong,Choe, Dong-Hun 대한기계학회 2000 大韓機械學會論文集A Vol.24 No.12
A mechanical face seal is a tribo-element intended to control leakage of working fluid at the interface of a rotating shaft and its housing. Leakage of working fluid decreases drastically as the clearance between mating seal faces gets smaller. But the very small clearance may result in an increased reduction of seal life because of high wear and heat generation. Therefore, in the design of mechanical face seals a compromise between low leakage and acceptable seal life is important, ant it present a difficult and practical design problem. A fluid film or sealing dam geometry of the seal clearance affects seal lubrication performance very much, and thereby is optimization is one of the main design consideration. in this study the Reynolds equation for the sealing dam of mechanical face seals is numerically analyzed, using the Galerkin finite element method, which is readily applied to various seal geometries, to give lubrication performances, such as opening force, restoring moment, leakage, and axial and angular stiffness coefficients. Then, to improve the seal performance an optimization is performed, considering various design variables simultaneously. For the tested case the optimization ha successfully resulted in the optimal design values of outer and inner seal radii, coning, seal clearance, and balance radius while satisfying all the operation subjected constraints and design variable side-constraints, and improvements of axial and angular stiffness coefficients by 16.8% and 2.4% respectively and reduction of leakage by 38.4% have been achieved.
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