Two Concepts of Human Rights in Contemporary Korea

Cho Hyo-Je(조효제) 서울대학교 사회발전연구소 2010 Journal of Asian Sociology Vol.39 No.2

The paper looks at the emergence of two distinct concepts of human rights in contemporary Korea. The first, more time-tested concept draws upon the historical experience of pro-democracy movements dating back to the 1970s. The second concept is seen to be a relatively new phenomenon which started as a less conspicuous counterdiscourse of human rights of the past but has gained some prominence in recent years. The divergence of the human rights concept along the two different narratives has had ramifications far beyond the confines of domestic human rights promotion. It is argued that the contrasting concepts have evolved and taken shape over the years following the 1987 democratization. Several broad trends and events in the post-democratization period have helped the competing concepts to develop their distinctive contours and to bring their respective policy options into sharper focus. The contributing trends are four-fold: first, the institutionalization of human rights; second, changes in perceived relationship between human rights and democracy, and the proliferation of rights discourse; third, the predominance and penetration of a neoliberal economic doctrine in many spheres of the society; and fourth, the internationalization of the North Korean human rights issue. The corollary of this trend is the bifurcation between the two seemingly irreconcilable concepts of human rights, i.e. the maximalist, civil society-oriented concept versus the minimalist, less liberal internationalist human rights concept. Each of the two has its own share of strengths and weaknesses. The future of human rights in Korea is likely to depend upon the interplay between, and the possible reconfiguration of, these two concepts.

인권 달성의 근본조건

조효제(Cho, Hyo-Je) 전남대학교 5.18연구소 2015 민주주의와 인권 Vol.15 No.3

먹거리 인권과 먹거리 주권의 시론적 고찰

조효제(Cho, Hyo-Je) 전남대학교 5.18연구소 2013 민주주의와 인권 Vol.13 No.2

한국 시민운동의 발전과 도약

조효제(Cho Hyo-Je) 참여연대 참여사회연구소 2003 시민과세계 Vol.- No.3

인권경영의 모색

조효제(Cho Hyo-Je) 고려대학교 아세아문제연구소 2008 亞細亞硏究 Vol.51 No.3

This paper looks at the emerging debate on business and human rights. It begins with the assumption that business corporations must be held accountable in accordance with their increasing influences in the contemporary world. It is argued that the current mantra of corporate social responsibility(CSR), though well-meaning and benevolent in objectives, is not sufficient enough to make real impact on the socially accountable practice of corporations. An alternative, human rights-based approach is presented and discussed. It is recommended for human rights movement that a conceptual shift from a CSR-oriented to a rights-based approach should be more appropriate than focusing on campaigning for formal legislations within the CSR paradigm.

유럽 대학의 교양교육

조효제 ( Hyo Je Cho ) 영미문학연구회 2013 안과 밖 Vol.0 No.34

This essay traces the origin of liberal arts and science education in European higher education. The traditional liberal arts education in Europe evolved to accommodate the critical humanistic and secular outlook through the Renaissance and Enlightenment periods. The great debate over the idea of university in the 19th century saw the emergence of specialized and research-oriented universities. The trend was further enhanced by the post-war social democratic arrangements of public funding for the higher education and the mass enrollment of university programs, effectively wiping out the liberal arts and humanities education from the university curriculum. The paper also describes the recent rise in interest in liberal arts education at some quarters of European universities and provides its reasons including the institutional changes as a result of the Bologna Process. Concluding remarks consider some lessons from the European experience that Korean universities might consider in debating their future liberal arts education.

사람에 존재하는 phosphatase인 chronophin의 환원된 상태에서의 구조

조효제(Hyo Je Cho),강범식(Beom Sik Kang) 한국생명과학회 2008 생명과학회지 Vol.18 No.4

Actin cytoskeleton rearrangement를 조절하는 cofilin은 인산기가 제거되면서 활성화되는데 이를 담당하는 효소가 chronophin이다. 이 효소는 비타민 B6의 활성형태인 pyridoxal 5'-phosphate (PLP)의 세포 내 농도를 조절하는 PLP phosphatase로도 알려져 있다. Chronophin은 cap 도메인과 core 도메인을 갖는 HAD family에 속하는 phosphatase이며 다른 HAD phosphatase와 같이 기질결합을 위해 cap 도메인과 core 도메인 사이의 활성부위가 노출되는 열린 형태로의 전환이 있을 것으로 추정되었다. 이전의 밝혀진 chronophin/PLPP의 결정구조에서는 단백질의 결정화과정이 산화된 상태에 이루어졌기에 cap 도메인의 C91과 core 도메인의 C221 사이에 disulfide bond가 있었으며 이것이 cap 도메인과 core 도메인사이의 움직임을 막고 있었다. 본 연구에서는 환원된 상태의 chronophin의 결정체를 얻어 chronophin의 구조를 규명하였다. 환원된 상태의 chronophin의 구조에는 C91과 C221간의 disulfide 결합은 없었으나 산화된 상태와 동일한 닫힌 형태이었으며 국부적인 core 도메인의 움직임이외에는 core 도메인과 cap 도메인의 구조에는 변화가 없었다. 이는 chronophin이 기질이 없는 상태에서 닫힌 형태로 유지되는 것이 disulfide bond에 의한 것이 아님을 의미하며 세포 내의 환원된 상태에서도 닫힌 구조를 유지함으로서 높은 기질 특이성을 보여줄 것임을 암시한다. Chronophin is a phosphatase responsible for the dephosphorylation of cofilin, which regulates the rearrangement of actin cytoskeleton. It is also known as a phosphatase for pyrodoxal 5'-phosphate (PLP), an active form of vitamin B?, and maintains the level of PLP in the cytoplasm. Since this phosphatase belongs to a HAD subfamily containing a cap domain, it is expected to undergo a conformational change for the binding of a substrate. However, the crystal structure of chronophin has a disulfide bridge between the cap and core domains preventing a movement of the cap domain against the core domain. It is possible that the disulfide bond between C91 and C221 was formed by an oxidation during the crystallization. Here, we obtained chronophin crystals under a reduced condition and determined the crystal structure. This reduced chronophin does not contain a disulfide bridge and shows a closed conformation like the oxidized form. It implies that an active chronophin binds its substrate under the closed conformation without the disulfide bond and shows a high substrate specificity in the cell.

수치해석에 의한 심해용 라이저의 와동방출 응답해석

박한일(Han-Il Park),조효제(Hyo-Je Cho),정동호(Dong-Ho Jung) 한국해양공학회 1999 韓國海洋工學會誌 Vol.13 No.3(Ⅱ)

A deep-ocean mining riser pipe is subjected to floating vessel motion as well as environmental forces arising from currents and waves. The dynamic analysis is carried out for a deep-ocean mining riser pipe by using a finite element method. The vortex shedding which excites risers in a direction perpendicular to the flow and induces transverse response is considered. It is demonstrated that transverse displacements due to vortex shedding is greatly increased in lock-in regions. The result of this study is compared with other results having good agreements.

토모-PIV

도덕희(Deog Hee Doh),조효제(Hyo Je Jo),조경래(Gyeong Rae Cho),문경록(Kyung Rok Moon) 대한기계학회 2010 대한기계학회 춘추학술대회 Vol.2010 No.4

청소년의 시민성 관련 활동, 시민적 효능감, 미래 정치참여 의식 간 구조적 관계 분석

길혜지 ( Kil Hye-ji ),박지민 ( Park Ji-min ),조효제 ( Cho Hyo-je ) 충남대학교 교육연구소 2020 교육연구논총 Vol.41 No.3

본 연구의 목적은 우리나라 청소년들의 시민성 관련 활동, 시민적 효능감 그리고 미래 정치참여 의식 간의 구조적 관계를 확인하는 것이다. 이를 위해 ‘국제 시민성 및 시민의식 비교조사(ICCS: International Civic and Citizenship Study)’의 2016년 한국 자료를 활용하여, 중학교 2학년 2,536명을 분석하였다. 주요 연구결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 시민성 관련 교내외 활동, 시민적 효능감, 미래 정치참여 의식 간 모든 경로는 통계적으로 유의하게 나타났다. 특히, 시민성 관련 교내 학습경험이 교외 활동참여보다 시민적 효능감에 미치는 영향이 상대적으로 크게 나타났고, 정치참여 의식에 미치는 영향 또한 크게 나타났다. 둘째, 시민성 관련 교내외 활동이 시민적 효능감을 매개로 하여 미래 정치참여 의식에 영향을 미치는 간접효과 또한 통계적으로 유의한 것으로 나타났다. 셋째, 남녀 간 유의한 차이가 있는지 확인한 결과, 직접효과와 간접효과가 모두 유의한 가운데 교내 학습경험이 시민적 효능감에 미치는 직접효과는 여학생보다 남학생이 더 컸다는 점에서 차이가 있었다. 이상의 내용은 청소년들의 미래정치참여 의식을 제고하기 위해 수업 중 개방적 분위기를 만들어 가고 다양한 시민성 관련주제 학습 기회를 부여하며, 청소년들이 시민적 효능감을 높일 수 있는 성공 경험을 하는 것이 중요함을 시사한다. The purpose of this study is to identify the relations among citizenship-related activities, citizenship self-efficacy, and future political participation by using structural equation model. To this end, Korean data from the International Civic and Citizenship Study 2016(ICCS 2016) was utilized; 2,536 students in the second grade of middle school were analyzed. The results are as follows. First, all the pathways among citizenship-related activities, citizenship self-efficacy, and future political participation were statistically significant. In particular, the impact of citizenship-related inside school activities on citizenship self-efficacy was relatively greater than outside school activities, and the impact on the future political participation was also greater. Second, the indirect effects of citizenship-related activities mediating citizenship self-efficacy on the future political participation showed a statistically significant effect. Third, when comparing by gender, there was a difference in that the direct effect of the learning experience in the school on the citizen's efficacy was greater in the male students than in the female students. These results suggest that it is important to create an open climate during classes, provide opportunities for learning various topics related to citizenship, and to have successful experiences that can increase citizenship self-efficacy in order to raise future political participation in adolescents.