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조재곤 韓國暻園大學校아시아文化硏究所 中國中央民族大學韓國文化硏究所 2003 亞細亞文化硏究 Vol.7 No.-
Kim byeondon's meritoriousness monument was erected in ChungNam Hongsungkun Kwangcheoneb Unamri. This monument said that this area bobusang was mobilized in 1894 peasant war. This monument was in memory of Kim byeongdon, died in ChungCheongDo Yesan Sinrewon combat. And this monument epitaph was written in 1895, and erected in 1896 after peasant war. LeeSeol wrote this epitaph, and his book, BokAmJib, collected this epitaph. The front face of black marble monument was wrote in "Kimbyeongdon's meritoriousness monument". All epitaph was written in back and right side face, Busanggamubi, thanks for busang's righteousness, was written in back face. In left side, Bobusang's staff list and foundation date was written. In period of 1894 peasant war, the bobusang and Government army participated in peasantry army subjugation, in order to ease the road of commerce, remove the harm for nation. The Chosun mobilized the bobusang, stressed loyalty and serving his country. The bobusang regarded itself as public official, took charge of national official mission. Kim byeongdon's another monument was erected in SeoSan Haemi in 1896.
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조재곤 동북아역사재단 2013 東北亞歷史論叢 Vol.- No.41
This article examines the experiences and awareness of war by local residents of Hamgyeong Province, which was across the border from Russia, and from socio-economic and historical perspectives. As Russia and Japan were engaged in a prolonged war, Hamgyeong Province received serious damage and losses. During the summer and autumn of 1905, there were public outcries due to the impact of great floods and the attack of livestock by epidemic diseases. Local people suffered even greater damage from the Russian troops than the Japanese. Thus many local residents in the province fled to Primorsky,Manchuria, and even government offices in China. Previous research has reported that compared with Japan, Russia intruded less into northern areas of the Korean Peninsula. But unlike most research data reported, all of the local residents in Hamgyeong Province did not always blindly trust Russian troops. There are not a few documents on cases and examples in which Korean troops engaged in battle against Russian troops, and Koreans resisted against Russia. Koreans in the province had good feelings toward Russia, but the nation did not accept this. With war continuing, the Russian troops changed their antagonistic stance toward Japan, and showed a friendly attitude. There also was massive military mobilization not only by Russia and Japan, but also by non-government institutions. As the fierce commercial war waged, international and regional commercial trade declined greatly. These added to the suffering that local citizens experienced. After the naval battle in the East Sea in which Russia’s Baltic Fleet was defeated by the Japanese fleet, Japanese troops gained an edge in land warfare. As a result, the Japanese troop expanded their areas of infiltration. One of the most important reasons why the military administration was established only in Hamgyeong Province was because it was needed to connect the linkage with Russia; to block anti-Japanese Korean independence activities; to prohibit such activities from extending beyond the Korean border; and to keep tight control of the spheres such as public life. In the process, local troops in the Daehan Empire (K. Jinwidae ) in Bukcheong and Jongseong were dismantled. In some regions, a “Russia-style military administration”was founded, too. It is true that Russia received a relatively friendly response from local residents in Hamgyeong Province. Yet, the majority of those people suffered serious damage and losses in labor, in both physical and mental terms, by the Russo-Japanese War being waged, regardless of their will to fight. Most Korean local residents in the province thus had a strong awareness that they were people mobilized in the “war between third nations.” Finally, they perceived that the Russo-Japanese War merely cost lives in the less-developed imperial nations and brutally deprived them of property.
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한말 일제하 장시와 포구의 존재 양태 廣川場과 甕岩浦市의 물류 유통구조를 중심으로
조재곤 한국근현대사학회 2008 한국 근현대사 연구 Vol.46 No.-
Since the Chosun Dynasty, Gwangcheon had functioned as the center of economy and transportation for the Naepo area in the west coast of Chungcheong-do. Accordingly, a large volume of goods were collected and distributed there. This was partially because of the geopolitical role of Gwangcheon but, on the other hand, it was possible due to the emergence of the new coastal economic bloc of Ongampo, which had Gwangcheon as its hinterland. The Gwangcheon Market and the Ongampo Market played roles supplementary to each other, and led distribution economy in the west coast. Since the late Chosun Dynasty, Gwangcheon and Ongam had been the centers of collection and distribution of marine products, and had active transactions of agricultural products including rice. With regard to textile manufacturing as well, Gwangcheon occupied an important position in the Hongseong County. Since the late 19th century, distribution economy had been expanded and, as a result, Ongam had become a representative port in the area around Naepo and played the role of a base for distributing rice collected in Gwangcheon and marine products from neighboring coastal areas and islands to large cities. In the course, major merchants including commission merchants engaged in business actively, and Japanese merchants also visited this area frequently by ship and carried on active business transactions. Ongampo City, which had the functions of collection and distribution as a center of maritime logistics, played the role of an ‘intermediate market’ and, at the same time, the role of sending goods not only to Gwangcheon positioned at an strategic point of inland transportation but also to ‘central markets’ in Incheon, Gunsan, etc. The link that connected Gwangcheon as a central market and Ongam as an intermediary market was the expansion of local markets and business transactions. Role allotment according to geographical characteristics, namely, the dual system of specialized main transaction items, which were agricultural products for Gwangcheon and marine products for Ongam, was established through ‘the dual structure of the rural periodic market in Gwangcheon and the port market in Ongam.’
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조재곤 국민대학교 한국학연구소 2022 한국학논총 Vol.57 No.-
This study is an analysis of the activities of the Joseon Chamber of Commerce and Industry and the Joseon Chamber of Commerce, which served as a colonial commercial organization from the Sino-Japanese War to the Asia-Pacific War after the Manchurian Incident. 1. The activities of the Chamber of Commerce and Industry and the reorganization of the commerce and industry organization in relation to Japan's colonial economic policy. 2. It is the activity of the Chamber of Commerce as a state-run institution for the economy controlled by the Japanese Government-General of Korea during the Manchuria Incident and the China-Japan War. 3. It analyzes the organization of the Economic Control Cooperation Association and the establishment of the Joseon Economic Chamber during the Asia-Pacific War. 4. Just before the defeat, the National Chamber of Commerce and Industry abolished and established a new Chamber of Commerce and Industry to actively cooperate with the Japanese fascism system as an organization for mobilization. 본 연구는 만주사변 이후 중일전쟁, 아시아·태평양전쟁에 이르기까지의일제강점기 식민지 상업기구로 역할하던 조선상공회의소와 조선상공경제회의 활동 분석이다. 1. 일본의 식민경제정책과 관련하여 상공회의소의 활동과 상공업기구의 개편이다. 2. 만주사변·중일전쟁 기간 조선총독부 통제경제의 국책협력 기관으로서의 상공회의소의 활동이다. 3. 아시아·태평양전쟁시기 경제통제협력회 조직과 조선경제회의소 설립안 내용 분석이다. 4. 패전직전 전국의 상공회의소를 폐지하고 상공경제회를 신설하여 동원을 위한기구로서 일제 파시즘 체제에 적극 협조하였다.
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