흰쥐 대장 배상세포내 점액질에 미치는 유기인제 농약 PAP의 영향에 관한 조직화학적 연구

조운복 부산대학교 1987 자연과학논문집 Vol.43 No.-

유기인제인 PAP살충제가 근위결장, 원위결장 및 직장 배상세포내 점액질 생성과 분비에 미치는 영향을 구명하기 위하여 성숙한 흰쥐에 PAP살충제를 경구적으로 투여하여 중독시킨 후 1시간군, 3시간군, 6시간군, 12시간군, 24시간군, 48시간군 및 72시간군 별로 나누어 배상세포내 점액질을 alcian blue pH2.5 염색, alcian blue pH 1.0 염색, alcian blue pH 0.4 염색, PAS반응, alcian blue pH 2.5-PAS 염색, alcian blue pH1.0-PAS 염색, aldehyde fuchsin pH 1.7-alcian blue pH 2.5 염색 및 high iron diamine-alcian blue pH 2.5 염색으로 관찰하였다. 농약투여 후 대장 배상세포내 점액질 감량은 표면 및 은와저부 쪽으로 은와상부보다 더 심하였으며 근위결장에서는 산성점액질과 중성점액질의 감량이 비슷하였으나 원위결장 및 직장에서는 중성점액질의 감량이 산성점액질 감량보다 더 심하였다. 장기별로는 근위결장 배상세포가 제일 심한 영향을 받았고 다음이 원위결장 및 직장 배상세포 순이었다. 대장 은와상부내 강 sulfomucin을 분비하는 배상세포가 농약투여 후 감소되었으나 sialomucin을 분비하는 배상세포가 증가되었고 근위결장에서 제일 심하게 나타났다. 대장 은와저부내 강 sulfomucin을 분비하는 배상세포와 sialomucin을 분비하는 배상세포가 농약투여 후 다같이 그 염색성이 감소되었으며 전자는 후자보다 더 심한 영향을 받았다. This histochemical study was performed to observe the effect of the organophosphate pesticide PAP on the production and secretion of mucosubstances of the goblet cells in the proximal colon, distal colon and rectum. Adult rats were administered PAP(57mg/kg), orally and sacrificed in 1,3,6,12,24,48 and 72 hours after PAP administration. The mucosubstances were stained with alcian blue pH 2.5, alcian blue pH 1.0, alcian blue pH 0.4, periodic acid Schiff(PAS), alcian blue pH 2.5-PAS, alcian blue pH 1.0-PAS, aldehyde fuchsin pH 1.7-alcian blue pH 2.5 and high iron diamine-alcian blue pH 2.5 methods. Decrease of acid and neutral mucins was noted to be considerable in the goblet cells of the large intestine, especially of the surface and basal regions of the crypts. Decrease of acid and neutral mucins was similar in the proximal colon, but the neutral mucins became more markedly diminished than acid ones in the distal colon and rectum. According to the organs, the goblet cells of proximal colon were severely affected, next those of the distal colon and rectum were affected by PAP. The number of goblet cells secreting strongly sulfomucins tended to decrease in the upper regions of the crypts of large intestine by PAP, while the number of those secreting sialomucins tended to increase. Especially, it was severely affected in the proximal colon. The stainability of the goblet cells with strongly sulfomucins and with sialomucins either in the basal regions of the crypts, generally decreased. However, a more marked decrease of the stainability appeared in the goblet cells with strongly sulfomucins than in those with sialomucins, indicating the former was markedly affected than the latter by PAP.

유기인제계 농약이 흰쥐의 대장점막내 점액질에 미치는 영향

조운복 부산대학교 1978 論文集 Vol.25 No.2

In order to study the effect of organophosphorus pesticides on the secretion and production of the mucosubstances in the large intestinal mucosa, histochemical studies were undertaken in respect of the influence of the oral administration of the DDVP, malathion, dipterex and EPN on the mucosubstances of the goblet cells in the rat colon and rectum, and traced the change brought by experimental method, namely, 3, 6, 12, 24 and 48 hour groups of administration, respectively. The mucosubstances were stained with alcian blue pH 1.0, alcian blue pH 2.5, alcian blue pH 1.0 - periodic acid Schiff (PAS), alcian blue pH 2.5 - periodic acid Schiff (PAS), aldehyde fuchsin pH 1.7 - alcian blue pH 2.5 and high iron diamine - alcian blue pH 2.5 methods. The following results were obtained. 1. It was contained large amounts of strong sulfated acid mucins and neutral mucins in the surface and upper-crypt goblet cells of the normal rat colon and rectum, but were seen mixed with most goblet cells were contained only large amounts of strong sulfated acid mucins and some were contained small amounts of nonsulfated acid mucins and neutral mucins in the lower-crypt goblet cells. 2. In administrated groups of pesticides, amounts of mucosubstances in the colic mucosa were remarkably diminished from 3hr after administration, and so were more remarkably diminished the surface and lower-crypt goblet cells than the upper-crypt goblet cells. The diminution of neutral mucins were very remarked in 3 to 6hr after dipterex and EPN administration or 6 to 12hr after DDVP and malathion administration. Amounts of neutral mucins in diminution were gradually recovered thereafter 24 to 48hr after all pesticides administration. The diminution of acid mucins were very remarked in 3 to 6hr after DDVP and EPN administration or 6 to 12hr a after malathion and dipterex administration. Amounts of acid mucins in diminution were gradually recovered thereafter 24hr after DDVP and dipterex administration or 48hr after malathion and EPN administration. Amounts of sulfated acid mucins were decreased in 3 to 12hr after administration, thereafter those were gradually increased in 24 and 48hr after administration, but amounts of nonsulfated acid mucins were some decreased in 6 to 12hr after administration, thereafter those were gradually decreased in 24 and 48hr after administration. 3. In administrated groups of pesticides, amounts of mucosubstances in the rectal mucosa were remarkably diminished from 3hr after administration, and so were more remarkably diminished the surface and lower-crypt goblet cells than the upper-crypt goblet cells. The diminution of neutral mucins were very remarked in 3 to 6hr after DDVP and EPN administration or 6 to 12hr after malathion and dipterex administration. Amounts of neutral mucins in diminution were gradually recovered thereafter 12hr after DDVP, malathion and EPN administration or 24hr after dipterex administration. The diminution of acid mucins were very remarked in 6hr after DDVP, malathion and EPN administration or 12hr after dipterex administration. Amounts of acid mucins in diminution were gradually recovered 12 to 24hr after DDVP and malathion dministration or 48hr after dipterex and EPN administration. Amounts of sulfated acid mucins were decreased in 3 to 6hr or 12hr after administration, thereafter those were gradually increased in 12 and 24hr after administration, but amounts of nonsulfated acid mucins were some decreased from 3hr after administration, thereafter those were gradually increased in 24 or 48hr after administration. On the basis of the above results, it was suggested that were severely inhibited to production and secretion of mucosubstances from earlier period after organophosphorus pesticides administration, furthermore those pesticides were more severely inhibited to production of acid mucins than neutral mucins, and so were inhibited to metabolism of sulfated ester in acid mucin, in the alteration of these mucosubstances.

감성돔, 퉁쏠치 및 볼락 장관점액질의 조직화학적 성상

변경애,조운복 부산대학교 1985 자연과학논문집 Vol.40 No.-

For the studying of the histochemical properties in the intestinal mucosa of three teleostean species, i.e., Sparus swinhonis (Guenther), Erosa erosa (Langsdorf) and sebastes inermis (cuvier et valenciennes), the mucosubstances of them were stained with periodic acid schiff's reaction (PAS), alcian blue pH 2.5, alcian blue pH 0.4, aldehyde fuchsin pH 1.7, aldehyde fuchsin pH 1.0, alcian blue pH 2.5-PAS and aldehyde fuchsin pH 1.7-alcian blue pH 2.5 methods. The results were as follows: The striated border of intestinal tract was contained small amounts of strongly sulfated and neutral mucins in proximal and distal intestine and rectum of sebastes inermis, and rectum of Erosa erosa, while the middle intestine of Sparus swinhonis was contained large amounts of weakly sulfated and neutral mucins. The middle and distal intestine, and rectum of Erosa erosa, and distal intestine of Sebastes inermis was contained large amounts of strongly sulfated and neutral mucins, but proximal and middle intestine of sebastes inermis was contained large amounts of neutral mucin and minimal amounts of sulfated mucin. The mucosubstance of the goblet cells showed that all of the three species studied had a distinctly different distribution throughout the entire intestinal tract. In Sparus swinhonis, the proximal intestine was composed of three kinds of goblet cells: one in which minimal or small amounts of strongly sulfated mucin is mixed with neutral mucin, another having minimal amounts of weakly sulfated and neutral mucins, the other having only minimal or small amounts of nonsulfated mucin, but the former two types were much more than the last. The middle intestine was composed of goblet cells having only small or moderate amounts of nonsulfated mucin, having only small or moderate amounts of strongly sulfated mucin, and having minimal or small amounts of weakly sulfated and neutral mucins, but these two types were much more than the last in the number of cells. The goblet cells of distal intestine were coexisted with small amounts of strongly sulfated and neutral mucins, the majority of majority of goblet cells with more prominent of strongly sulfated mucin and a few goblet cells having only nonsulfated mucin, having small amounts of nonsulfated and neutral mucins, having minimal amounts of weakly sulfated and neutral mucins. But in the rectum, it was composed two types of goblet cells: one having small or moderate amounts of strongly sulfated mucin and minimal or small amounts of neutral mucins, while the other having small amounts of nonsulfated mucin or weakly sulfated and neutral mucins, and the former were much more than the latter. In Erosa erosa, the proximal, middle and distal intestines were composed of small or moderate amounts of nonsulfated and neutral mucins, the majority of goblet cells with more prominent of nonsulfated mucin and a minority of the goblet cells having minimal amounts of weakly or strongly sulfated and neutral mucins. But in the rectum were coexisted with small amounts of nonsulfated and neutral mucins, it was mixed three types of goblet cells, one having more prominent of nonsulfated mucins, another small amounts of strongly sulfated and neutral mucins, and the other minimal or small amount of weakly sulfated and neutral mucins, and these two types were much more than the last in the number of cells. In sebastes inermis, the proximal intestine was composed of goblet cells having only moderate to large amounts of neutral mucins, while a few cells minimal to small amounts of nonsulfated mucin or minimal amounts of weakly sulfated and neutral mucins. But in the middle intestine, it was mixed three different types of goblet cells: most cells having minimal to small amounts of nonsulfated and neutral mucins, while a few cells minimal amounts of strongly sulfated mucins or weakly sulfated and neutral mucins. In the distal intestine, it was composed of goblet cells: having small to moderate amounts of strongly sulfated mucin and small amounts of neutral mucins, having small amounts of weakly sulfated and neutral mucins, having minimal to small amount of weakly sulfated and neutral mucins, having minimal to small amounts of nonsulfated and neutral mucins, but the former two types were much more than the last type. In the rectum was mixed three types of goblet cells: most goblet cells having minimal to small amounts of strongly sulfated mucin or nonsulfated and neutral mucins, while a few cells minimal amounts of weakly sulfated and neutral mucins.

Histological Study on the Oogenesis of Aarphysa sanguinea

Choi, Won Chul,Un Bock Jo 부산대학교 1983 자연과학논문집 Vol.35 No.-

Marphysa sanguinea는 우리나라 海岸一帶에서 採集되어 分類 및 形態學的으로 잘 調査되어 있다. 그럼에도 불구하고 生殖巢의 卵發生過程에 대한 硏究가 거의 없었으므로 여기에 대해 調査하였다. 本 種은 雌雄異體로써 卵細胞의 起原이 腹腔內의 筋層과 접해있는 中皮에서부터 시작되며 始原細胞로부터 分化된 이 卵細胞는 그 容積이 增加되어지는 時期와 이어 未成熟단계의 卵細胞로 되어 時期 및 成熟卵子細胞로 되는 時期로 나눌수 있으며 이때의 細胞成分은 成熟된 卵의 狀態와는 뚜렷이 區別되어 진다. 그러므로 卵細胞發達에 따른 核은 첫째, 仁이 나타나지 않는 鹽基好性細胞 및 酸好性으로 된 始原細胞 단계(Stage 1)와 둘째, 仁과 perichromatin을 가진 卵原形의 卵母細胞期(Stage 2), 셋째, 核이 圓形으로 되는 時期(Stage 3), 넷째, 核의 부피가 增加하기 시작하여 形態가 不規則한 形態로되는 時期(Stage 4), 다섯째, 成熟된 卵細胞期(Stage 5)로 區別되어 진다. 아울러 卵細胞의 細胞質의 發達은, 첫째단계는, 위의 核의 發達過程의 stage 1과 2에서 볼 수 있는 원래의 細胞成分期 단계이며, 둘째단계는 위 過程의 stage 3과 4에서 나타나는 同質性의 卵黃의 前驅物質이 卵細胞 質內에서 生成되어지는 時期, 셋째단계는 上記過程의 stage 5에서의 成熟한 卵黃形成단계로 이루어진다. 이러한 卵黃物質의 轉移 및 變化는 처음은 核酸의 影響이나 그 다음은 mitochondria의 介入에 의한 것이라 提示하는 바이다.

관상조류 장관점막내 점액질의 성상에 관한 조직화학적 연구

조운복,송기덕 부산대학교 1980 論文集 Vol.30 No.2

This study is performed in attempt to clarify the histochemical properties and compositions of the mucosubstances in the goblet cells of the intestinal mucosa of ornamental birds. The specimens used in this study were obtained from the small and large intestines of 5 species of ornamental birds, i. e, society finch, java sparrow, zebra finch, canary and parakeet. The mucosubstances were stained with alcian blue pH 2.5, alcian blue pH 1.0, periodic acid schiff(PAS), alcian blue pH 2.5-PAS, alcian blue pH 1.0-PAS and aldehyde fuchsin pH 1.7-alcian blue pH 2.5 method. The results obtained were as follows: 1. The histochemical compositions of mucosubstances on the striated border in the intestinal mucosa, the histochemical compositions of mucosubstances of the striated border presented a refractile bilaminar appearance were different in each species. In the small intestine, the inner layer contained mostly neutral, and the outer edge mostly strong sulfated, mucins. And the former being relatively more prominent than the latter. The neutral mucins in the zebra finch, canary and parakeet contained large amounts, and those in the society finch java sparrow small amount, but the acid mucins in the java sparrow was traces, and those of the other experimental animals contained small amounts. The striated border of the large intestine was less conspicuous than that of the small intestine and contained small or large amounts of acid and small amounts of neutral mucins. The canary were equal to both neutral and sulfated mucins, but in the other experimental animals, sulfated mucins were more prominent than neutral mucins. 2. The histochemical compositions and amounts of mucosubstances in the duodenal goblet cells was in considerable variation in each species. That is, the acid mucins were more prominent than the neutral mucins in the goblet cells of duodenal mucosa of all species examined. The society finch and zebra finch contained small or large amounts of the acid mucins, and the other species examined minimal or small amounts of those. The former species amounts of acid mucins were more prominent than the latter species. In contrast, in the canary, contained small amounts of neutral mucins, were more prominent than the other species examined minimal amounts of those. In villi and crypts of the parakeet and villi of the zebra finch, were present one type of goblet cells which secrete strong sulfated mucins. But in villi and crypts of the other species examined, were present two types of goblet cells : Ones strong sulfated and nuutral mucins and others strong sulfated mucins, and the formers were much more than the latters. 3. The histochemical compositions and amounts of mucosubstances in the jejunal goblet cells was very complication and considerable variation in each species examined. That is, the acid mucins were more prominent than the neutral mucins in the goblet cells of jejunal mucosa of all species examined. The zebra finch contained small or large amounts of the acid mucins, and the other species examined small or minimal amounts of those. The former species amounts of acid mucins were more prominent than the latter species. But the zebra finch contained large amounts of the neutral mucins and the canary small amounts of those. The other species examined, on the other hand, were present minimal or small amounts of the neural mucins. In villi and crypts of the parakeet, were present one of goblet cells which secrete only strong sulfated mucins, and also in those of the canary, one type of goblet cells which strong sulfated and neutral mucins. But in villi of the java sparrow, were present two types, of goblet cells: one nonsulfated and neutral mucins and others weak sulfated and neutral ones, and the formers were much more than the letters. In crypts of the above species, were present one type of goblet cells which secrete weak sulfated and neutral mucins. In contrast, in villi of the society finch, were present two types of goblet cells: ones nonsulfated and neutral mucins and others strong sulfated and neutral ones, but in crypts of the above species, two types of goblet cells, ones strong sulfated mucins and others strong sulfated and neutral ones. The formers were much more than the latters, respectively. In villi and crypts of the zebra finch, on the others hand, were present there types of goblet cells: ones strong sulfared mucins and others strong sulfared and neutral ones, and anothers nonsulfated and neutral ones. The former two types were much more than the another types. 4. The histochemical compositions and amounts of mucosubstances in the ileal goblet cells was different in each species examined and regions. That is, the acid mucins were more prominent than the neutral mucins in the goblet cells of ileal mocosa of all species examined. The society finch and parakeet contained small or large amounts of the acid mucins, and the other species examined small or minimal amounts of those. The former species amounts of acid mucins were much more than the latter species. In contrast, the java sparrow, zebra finch and canary contained small amounts of neutral mucins and the other species examined were not demonstrated. In villi and crypts of the society finch and parkeet, were present one type of goblet cells which secrete only strong sulfated mucins, and also in those of the java sparrow and zebra finch, one type of goblet cells which strong sulfated and neutral mucins. But in those of the canary, on the other hand, were present two types of goblet cells: ones strong sulfated mucins and others strong sulfated and neutral ones. 5. The histochemical compositions and amounts of mucosubstances in the rectal goblet cells was in considerable variation in each species examined and regions. That is, the acid mucins were prominent than the neutral mucins in the goblet cells of rectal mucosa of all species examined as in the small intestine. The java sparrow, zebra finch and parakeet contained small or large amounts of the acid mucins and the other species examined small amounts of those. In contrast, the society finch and canary contained small amounts of the neutral mucins, and in the java sparrow and zebra finch minimal amounts of those, but the parakeet were not demonstrated. In surfaces and crypts of the parakeet, were demonstrated one type of goblet cells which secrete only strong sulfated mucins, and also in crypts of the society finch and java sparrow, one type of goblet cells which strong sulfated and neutral mucins. In contrast, in surfaces of the society finch, and in surfaces and crypts of the zebra finch, were present two types of goblet cells: ones strong sulfated and neutral mucins and others weak sulfated and neutral ones. The formers were much more than the latters. In surfaces of the java sparrow, were demonstrated two types of goblet cells: ones strong sulfated mucins and others strong sulfated and neutral ones.

대구말과 표준말 리듬의 실험음성학적 비교연구 --길이(duration)를 중심으로--

조운일,Jo Un-Il 대한음성학회 1994 말소리 Vol.27 No.-

This thesis compares the duration aspect of the Daegu tongue with that of standard Korean. In the former study on the rhythm of standard Korean, one of the purposes of the study was to compare it with dialects. This thesis is the first attempt to do that. For this purpose, this thesis proceeds as follows. After Introduction, Chapter 2 surveys the former study. Chapter 3 deals with the materials, method and results of the experiment. Chapter 4 analyzes and interprets the results of the experiment, In Conclusion, the most Prominent fact is that the results of the experiment fall short of Daegu tongue speakers' expectations. The Daegu tongue is generally considered as a 'tone language.' And as Daegu tongue speakers sensitively recognize pitch, they think that they quickly say the syllables between the Pitch stressed syllables, whereas standard Korean speakers say those syllables relatively slowly, But in this experiment, which deals with only duration ignoring Pitch, their assumption is proved to be false.

홍어 및 상어가오리 아가미의 조직학적 구조, 점액세포 분포와 점액질의 성상에 관한 비교 연구

석필련,조운복 부산대학교 1987 자연과학논문집 Vol.44 No.-

홍어 및 상어가오리 아가미의 조직학적 구조, 새층판 및 점액세포의 분포와 상피성 점액질의 성상을 비교 관찰하기 위하여 hematoxylin-eosin, alcian blue(pH 2.5 및 1.0), periodic acid Schiff(PAS), aldehyde fuchsin pH 1.7 및 aldehyde fuchsin pH 1.7-alcian blue pH 2.5염색들을 시행하여 관찰한 결과 다음과 같은 결론을 얻었다. 1. 홍어 및 상어가오리의 새사 (gill filament)는 새중격(gill septum)에서 편새(demibranch)내로 들어가 있었으며, 새사에서 외부로 돌출된 많은 새층판 (gill lamellae)을 형성하고 있었다. 새사의 중심부는 소성 결합조직으로 되어 있었으며, 새층판 내에는 해면소체에서 시작하는 혈액극이 있었고, 새층판 상피는 단층편평세포 또는 낮은 입방형 세포로 되어 있었으나, 새층판의 저부 및 비층판상 새사 상피는 중층편평세포 또는 낮은 입방세포로 되어 있었다. 이들 상피세포 사이에 점액세포들이 관찰되었으며 홍어의 점액세포는 상어가오리의 점액세포보다 더 컸다. 그리고 산호성 과립세포도 홍어에서 상어가오리보다 더 많았다. 2. 점액세포 및 새층판의 분포를 보면, 점액세포의 rduddn 홍어의 새사 근위부, 중간부 및 원위부에서 각각 44.6개, 107.9개 및 176.9개, 그리고 상어가오리 새사 근위부, 중간부 및 원위부에서 각각 57.7개, 78.4개 및 126.8개로써, 새사의 원위부로 갈수록 밀집되어 많이 분포하고 있었으며, 한 개 새사의 전체 점액세포 수는 홍어에서 486.2개, 상어가오리에서 377.3개로 홍어에서 더 많이 분포하고 있었으나 새층판의 수는 홍어에서 66.2개, 상어가오리에서 70.0개로 후자가 더 많이 분포하고 있었다. 3. 새사의 새층판 점액세포내 점액질의 성상은 홍어에서 새사 근위부 및 중간부 새층판 내에는 소량의 강 sulfated mucin만을 가지는 점액세포들과 미량의 중성점액질과 소량의 강 sulfated mucin을 가지는 점액세포들이 구별되었으며 저자가 더 많았고, 원위부에서는 상당량의 강sulfated mucin만을 가지는 점액 세포들과 소량의 중성점액질과 상당량의 강 sulfated mucin을 가지는 점액세포들이 섞여 있었으며 전자가 더 많았다. 그리고 새사의 근위부 및 중간부보다 원위쪽에서 점액질 양이 더 많았다. 상어가오리에서 새사 근위부 및 중간부 새층판 내에는 미량의 강sulfated mucin과 중성점액질을 가지는 점액세포로 되어 있었다. 홍어 및 상어가오리의 새층판 및 새사의 상피 유리연의 점액질은 강sulfated mucin만을 가지며, 홍어에서는 상당량이었으나, 상어가오리에서는 미량이었다. This study is performed in order to clarify the histochemical structure, the distribution of gill lamellae and mucous cells, and histochemical properties of the mucosubstances in the gill of Raja kenojei and Raja porosa. The mucosubstances were stained with hematoxylin-eosin, alcian blue pH 2.5, alcian blue pH 1.0, periodic acid Schiff (PAS), aldehyde fuchsin pH 1.7 and aldehyde fuchsin pH 1.7-alcian blue pH 2.5 methods. The obtained results were as follows : 1. Gill filaments of Raja kenojei and Raja porosa were placed in the demibranches and composed of gill lamellae outpocketing from gill filaments. The center of gill filament was consisted of loose connective tissue. In the gill lamellae, blood space starting from the cavernous body was placed. The epithelia of gill lamellae were consist of simple squamous or low cuboidal cells, while those of the base of gill lamellae and nonlamellar gill filament were consist of stratified squamous or low cuboidal cells. Between these epithelial cells the mucous cells were identified, the mucous cells of Raja kenojei were larger than those of Raja porosa in size. And acidophilic cells of Raja kenojei were much more than those of Raja porosa in number. 2. In the proximal and distal gill filaments, number of the mucous cells of Raja kenojei were distributed 44.6, 107.9 and 176.9, while those of Raja porosa were occurred 57.7, 78.4 and 126.8, respectively. Therefore the distribution of mucous cells in gill filaments was more compacted distal portion than other ones. Total mucous cells per one gill filament of Raja kenojei, 486.2 were more than those of Raja porosa, 377.3, while the number of gill lamellae of Raja kenojei, 66.2 was less than those of Raja porosa, 70.0 3. In the mucous cells of gill filaments, the properties of mucosubstances were as follows : In Raja kenojei, the gill lamellae of the proximal and middle gill filaments were composed of mucous cells having only small amount of strongly sulfated mucin, having minimal amount of neutral and small amount of strongly sulfated mucins, and the former were much more than the latter in number. In the distal gill filament, it was composed of mucous cells having only large amount of strongly sulfated mucin, having small amount of neutral and large amount of strongly sulfated mucins, and the former were much more than the latter in number. And the amount of mucosubstances in the distal gill filament were much more than those of proximal and middle gill filaments. In Raja porosa, the gill lamellae of the proximal and middle gill filaments were composed of mucous cells having minimal amount of strongly sulfated and neutral mucins. While in the distal gill lamellae, they were composed of mucous cells having small amount of strongly sulfated and neutral mucins. In Raja porosa and Raja kenojei, the epithelial lining of gill lamellae and gill filament had only strongly sulfated mucins. The mucins of Raja kenojei had large amount, while those of Raja porosa had minimal amount.

조선초기 天祭와 音樂의 전개양상 연구

조운조(Cho Un-Jo) 한국국악교육학회 2007 국악교육 Vol.25 No.-

The Worshipful Rite for Heavens(天祭) in the Chosun dynasty changed according to the contents of the rite and the music used in the rite. There had been the Worshipful Rite for Heavens before the Chosun dynasty and the first this rite appeared was in the 19th year(B.C. 1) of king Yu-ree of the Koguryeo dynasty. However there was also the rite in Bek-jae dynasty but there are no music handed down today. The first record of the Worshipful Rite for Heavens in the Koryeo dynasty was the second year(A.D. 983) of king Song-jong period and the music used in this was the court music(A-ak 雅樂=Chinese music). In the beginning of the Chosun dynasty the Worshipful Rite for Heavens were held in common. Especially Won-gu rite(圓丘祭), in king Se-jo Chosun dynasty, was held in two big musical forms according to the Korean music history. One is, court music(A-ak Won-gu 雅樂圓丘) of『Shin Jae A-ak Bo(新制雅樂譜)』Which was performed through the 3rd year to the 10th year of King Se-jo, and the other one was the Sok-ak Won-gu(俗樂圓丘) in『Shin Jae Yak Jung Ak Bo(新製略定樂譜)』. This Sok-ak Won-gu musical melody was used in the Royal Ancestor’s Shrine Music(宗廟祭禮樂) but the scales are a bit different which are the Sol mode in E<SUP>♭</SUP>Key and La mode in E<SUP>♭</SUP> Key and only a few parts of the Royal Ancestor's Shrine Music was used in the Sok-ak Won-gu. In the future when the music of the Worshipful Rite for Heavens is restored in Korea the music has to be creative and not be influenced by the Chinese music as like A-ak Won-gu music. The mid period of the Chosun dynasty was a tough and disordered period and so the details and the form of the Worshipful Rite for Heavens changed. The title changes from Won-gu to Nam -dan(南壇) and it was held in a form of a ritual for rain. However a rite newly appeared in the king Suk-jong to thank Chinese emperor Sin-jong for helping Chosun in the Japanese invasion of Chosun in 1592, which had similarity of Won-gu. In the king Young-jo Daebodan(大報壇) was changed Whangdan(皇壇) rite for the Chinese emperor Sin-jong with Ue-jong and Tea-jo and was continued until the end of the Chosun Dynasty. And after the mid period of Chosun, the importance of the Worshipful Rite for Heavens was reduced, and was slowly disappeared around the king Jung-jo. Just for a while in the Worshipful Rite for Heavens was once again rebirth in period emperor Go-jong of Chosun dynasty but because of the disordered period they completely disappeared through today.

미세전류치료와 초음파치료가 슬관절전치환술 후 통증경감과 기능회복에 미치는 영향

조운수,김용남,김용성,황태연,진희경,Cho, Woon-Su,Kim, Yong-Nam,Kim, Yong-Seong,Hwang, Tae-Yeon,Jin, Hee-Kyung 대한물리치료학회 2012 대한물리치료학회지 Vol.24 No.2

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate pain relief and functional recovery after total knee replacement. Methods: The treatment was performed by dividing individuals into a control group ($n_1=5$), ultrasound treatment group ($n_2=5$), and micro-current treatment group ($n_3=5$). The control group applied the hot pack for 15 minutes, Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation (TENS) for 15 minutes, and Continuous Passive Movement (CPM) for 40 minutes. The ultrasound therapy group applied the frequency of 1 MHz, intensity of 1.0 $W/cm^2$ for five minutes following the same treatment as the control group. The micro-current therapy group applied the intensity of 25 ${\mu}A$, and pulsation frequency 5 pps for 15 minutes following the same treatment as the control group. After treatment, Visual Analogue Scale (VAS), Korean Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Arthritis Index (K-WOMAC), Berg Balance Scale (BBS), Range of Movement (ROM) and wound length was measured. Results: VAS showed significant effect in the control group and micro-current therapy group during the treatment period. According to the treatment of K-WOMACK, BBS, ROM, and Healing wounds showed main effects between groups. Conclusion: According to the results of this study, data showed improvement of pain relief, wound healing effects, and range of motion recovery. Thus, these selected treatments were effective after total knee replacement. In other words, electrical treatment continues to influence pain relief and functional recovery after total knee replacement.

경계선조사가 집토끼의 피부비만세포에 미치는 영향에 관한 실험적 연구

조운복,최웅길,정진문,박해춘 대한해부학회 1972 Anatomy & Cell Biology Vol.6 No.1