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조신권 연세대학교 영어영문학회 1996 영어영문학연구 Vol.18 No.-
The puritans were a group of radical protestants whose aim was to eradicate the Catholic elements of the Anglican Church. They hoped to preserve and maintain both the purity and the holy conscience of the Apostles, by adopting the Bible as the ultimate criterion on whose basis they could evaluate their faith. As a puritan writer, John Bunyan wrote Grace Abounding to the Chief of Sinners and The Pilgrim's Progress, both of which have been generally regarded as gems of puritan literature. While serving in the Parliamentary army(1644-6), Bunyan contacted various Puritan ideas; he was also touched by the devout life of Cromwell's New Model Army. He was particularly influenced by two books; one was Arthur Dent's The Plain Man's Pathway to Heaven, which is handbook of Calvinist theology, and the other Lewis Bayly's The practice of Piety. Then he met the reverend John Gifford, with whom he shared the puritan faith that is not hampered by sectarianism. At the Restoration, Bunyan was imprisoned; yet, his imprisonment only strengthened his religious faith as he concentrated on reading and writing in prison. In 1672, he settled as the leader of a Baptist church in Bedford. The puritan spirit in Bunyan's work is summed up as the primacy of the Bible, the pilgrimage, and predetermination, He asserted that the Bible is the sole criterion for people to determine whether they are on the right path toward salvation. The Pilgrim's Progress elucidates puritan ideals by effectively dramatizing every Christian's spiritual journey and his struggle toward ultimate salvation. The puritan theology, which is also equated with the Calvinist theology, is best embodied in Bunyan's work.
趙神權 연세대학교 영어영문학과 1977 영어영문학연구 Vol.4 No.-
William Wordsworth(1770~1980)는 시작체험을 통하여 얻은 결론을 토대로 하여 시의 본질을 이렇게 규명하고 있다. Poetry is the image of man and nature all good poetry is the spontaneous overflow of powerful feelings 편이상 전자를 제일정의라 하고 후자를 제이정의라 할 때, 제이정의는 제일정의속에 포함될 수 있을 것이다. 그러나 두 정의의 개념 사이에는 어떠한 유기적인 연결점이 있는 가를 살펴봐야한다. 「시를 자연의 모방이라」고 본 점에서 그는 아리스토텔레스 이후의 고전주의적 모방설을 답습하고 있다고 할 수 있지만, 「자연」에 대한 해석에 있어서는 18세기 고전주의자들과 근본적으로 달랐다. Wordsworth에게 있어서 자연은 인간생명의 근원이며 실재와 진리의 근원인 자연이었다. 다시 말해서 구체적인 사물 속에 나타나 있는 보편적인 진리를 자연으로 보았던 것이고, 그래서 그는 「시란 인간과 자연의 이미지」라 한 것이다.
조신권 한국밀턴학회 2001 중세근세영문학 Vol.11 No.1
Milton was a poet-prophet in the sense that he was a vates―priest, prophet and poet rolled up in one. From a very early age, Milton was possessed of a sense of calling, a key element in a prophetic career. He was also possessed of a confidence in Christian history and its culmination in the apocalypse. Through his early works, one can trace the development of his eschatological vision that reaches its fullest potential in "Lycidas." By the time he composed this poem, his message of hope is also tinged with a firm critique of society and the Church. This mixture of criticism of society and millennial vision continues through his prose, but as the years of the Republic passes by, Milton becomes more and more aware of his own isolation and the fact that his words are falling on deaf ears. His fears are proven when, now a blind prophet, he raises his voice against the impending Restoration. Utterly defeated, he turns in earnest to a different kind of prophetic message in Paradise Lost, offering a vision of history from creation to the end, together with a justification of God's ways to ever unruly men. In this vision, Milton highlights the importance of free choice, which he continues to do in the more intensely focuses Paradise Regained, where he shows that the best exercise of free will is to follow the will of God. This message he underscores once again in Samson Agonistes.