식물 내생균 Bacillus sp. CY22가 생성하는 iturin isoform의 분리 및 특성

조수정,윤한대,Cho, Soo-Jeong,Yun-Han-Dae Korean Society of Life Science 2005 생명과학회지 Vol.15 No.6

식물 내생균 Bacillus sp. CY22는 식물병원균 Rhizoctonia solani, Fusarium oxysporum 및 Phythium ultimum에 대해 강한 항균력을 나타내었다. 일반적으로 많은 Bacillus속 균주들은 iturin, fengycin, mycosubtulin과 같은 항균 물질을 분비한다. 본 연구에서는 식물내생균 Bacillus sp. CY22의 배양액으로부터 항균물질을 분리, 정제하였으며 MALDI-TOF mass로 분자량을 확인하였다. MALDI-TOF mass spectrum분석 결과 분리된 항균물질은 Bacillus 속 균주가 생성하는 항균물질로서 잘 알려져 있는 iturin의 분자량과 거의 일치하였으며, m/z 1043.4, 1057.4, 1071.4에서 molecular ion peak를 나타내었다. 이들은 각각 m/z 14차이를 가진 iturin의 isoform으로 추정되며 이 것은 iturin을 구성하고 있는 지방산의 탄소수 차이로 생각되며 m/z 1065.4, 1079.4 peak는 sodium adduct로서 추정된다. 또한 항균물질 iturin을 생성하는데 관여하는 transacylase 유전자를 크로닝하여 ita22 유전자로 명명하고, 그 특성으로 ita22 유전자는 400 개의 아미노산을 인지하는 1,200 bp의 open reading frame (ORF)을 가지며, 아미노산의 상동성을 조사한 결과 Bacillus subtilis 168의 FenF (BAB69697)와 가장 유사하였다. Endophytic Bacillus sp. CY22 was previously isolated from the interior of balloon flower root and showed strong antifungal activity against phytopathogenic fungi such as Rhizoctonia solnni, Fusarium oxysporum, and Phythium ultimum. Many Bacillus strains produce antifungal compound such as iturin, fengycin, and mycosubtilin. We isolated and identified antifungal compound from cell supernatant of the endophytic strain. By the MALDI-TOF mass result, the antifungal compound was similar to the known antifungal lipopeptide iturin. It was found that the purified iturin had three isoforms with protonated masses of m/z 1,043.39, 1,057.42, and 1,071.42 and different structures in combination with $Na^{+}$ ion using MALDI-TOF MS. The ita22 gene, which transacylase gene is associated with production of antifungal iturin, had an open reading frame (ORF) of 1,200 bp encoding 400 amino acids. Results of deduced amino acids sequence homology search, Ita22 was homologous with FenF (BAB69697) of Bacillus subtilis 168.

Cloning of the cel8Y Gene from Pectobacterium chrysanthemi PY35 and Its Comparison to cel Genes of Soft-Rot Pectobacterium

조수정,Sang Ryeol Park,Min Keun Kim,Woo Jin Lim,Sung Kee Ryu,Chang Long An,Su Young Hong,김훈,Yong Un Cho,윤한대 한국분자세포생물학회 2002 Molecules and cells Vol.13 No.1

The phytopathogenic Pectobacterium chrysanthemi (Pch) PY35 secretes multiple isozymes of plant cell wall degrading enzyme cellulases. We cloned a second cel gene that encodes cellulase in Pch PY35. The inserted 2 kb fragment was subcloned in order to generate pPY710 (cel8Y). The structural organization of the cel8Y gene consists of an open reading frame (ORF) of 999 bp that encodes 332 amino acid residues with a signal peptide of 23 amino acids. The predicted amino acid sequence of Cel8Y was very similar to that of Cellulomonas uda, but completely different from that of the Cel5Z of Pch PY35. It belonged to the glycoside hydrolase family 8, based on amino acid sequence similarities in contrast to Cel5Z of Pch PY35, which was confirmed as family 5. Cel8Y was not closely related to the known cellulases of Pectobacterium. It had the conserved region of the glycoside hydrolase family 8, ASDGDVLIAWALLKAGNKW. The apparent molecular mass of the Cel8Y protein was calculated to be approximately 34 kDa by a carboxymethylcellulosesodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (CMC-SDS-PAGE). The Cel8Y had a calculated pI of 6.49. It was optimally active at pH 7 with an approximate optimal temperature around 40°C. The cellulase activity of Cel8Y was lower than that of Cel5Z.

Cloning of α-Amylase Gene from Unculturable Bacterium Using Cow Rumen Metagenome

조수정,윤한대,Cho, Soo-Jeong,Yun-Han-Dae Korean Society of Life Science 2005 생명과학회지 Vol.15 No.6

미생물 메타게놈은 특이한 생체촉매의 다양한 원료로 제공된다. 한우의 반추위에서 게놈 DNA를 분리한 후 메타게놈 은행을 구축하고 $\alpha$-amlylase를 암호화하는 유전자를 클로닝하여 DNA 및 아미노산 서열을 밝히고 생화적 특징을 조사하였다. amyA유전자는 1,893 bp로 631개의 아미노산 잔기를 가진 단백질을 암호화였으며 효소의 분자량은 단백질 전기영동 결과 약 71,000 Da으로 확인되었다. 이 효소를 다른 아밀라제와 비교한 결과 $21-59\%$의 상동성을 보였다. AnyA는 pH $6.40\%$에서 최적 활성을 나타내었고, pl값은 5.87이었다. E. coliDH5$\alpha$에서 발현된 AmyA의 활성은 $\Mg^{2+}$(20mM), $Ca^{2+}$ (30 mM) 존재 시 그 활성이 증가하였고, $Fe^{2+}$, $Cu^{2+}$ 존재 시 저해되었다. amyA 유전자의 internal primer를 사용하여 인공적으로 배양할 수 있는 49종의 반추세균에서 분리한 게놈 DNA을 주형으로 PCR분석한 결과 해당하는 벤드를 확인할 수 없었다. AmyA는 현재로 배양할 수 없는 반추 미생물에서 온 것으로 추정된다. The metagenomes of complex microbial communities are rich sources of novel biocatalysts. The gene encoding an extracellular $\alpha$-amylase from a genomic DNA of cow rumen was cloned in Escherichia coli DH5$\alpha$ and sequenced. The $\alpha$-amylase (amyA) gene was 1,893 bp in length, encoding a protein of 631 amino acid residues with calculated molecular weight of 70,734 Da. The molecular weight of the enzyme was estimated to be about 71,000 Da by active staining of a SDS-PACE. The enzyme was 21 to $59\%$ sequence identical with other amyloyltic enzymes. The AmyA was optimally active at pH 6.0 and $40\%$. The AmyA had a calculated pI of 5.87. AmyA expressed in E. coli DH5$\alpha$ was enhanced in the presence of $Mg^{2+}$ (20 mM) and $Ca^{2+}$ (30 mM) and inhibited in the presence of $Fe^{2+}$ and $Cu^{2+}$. The origin of amyA gene could not be confirmed by PCR using internal primer of amyA gene from extracted genomic DNA of 49 species rumen culturable bacteria so far. An amyh is supposed to obtained from unculturable rumen bacterium in cow rumen environment.

어머니의 정서표현 수용태도 유아의 정서지능 및 문제행동간의 관계

조수정(Soo Jung Cho),도현심(Hyun Sim Doh),김상원(Sang Won Kim) 한국아동학회 2010 아동학회지 Vol.31 No.6

This study examined the relationship between maternal attitudes toward children`s expressiveness, children`s emotional intelligence and problem behaviors. The question as to whether emotional intelligence mediated the relationship between maternal attitudes and problem behaviors was also explored. A sample of 307 preschool children were used as subjects. Mothers rated their levels of acceptance toward their children`s emotions, while teachers reported on the children`s emotional abilities and behavioral problems. The data were analyzed by means of regression analyses. Our results indicated that mothers` controlling attitudes were associated with low levels of worry-anxiety. Additionally, it was found that children with high emotional intelligence showed low levels of worry-anxiety, hostility-aggression, and hyperactivity-inattention. While multiple factors of emotional intelligence had differential impacts, the self-control factor was the most powerful predictor for all the problem behaviors. It was further found that a mother`s receptive attitude was related to higher levels of self-awareness in children. Instead of the significant mediating effect of emotional intelligence, it was revealed that emotional intelligence had greater effects upon problem behaviors than maternal attitudes toward children`s expressiveness.

카파도키아 지역 비잔틴 교회의 성화상 연구 -성녀 에우페미아(Euphemia)와 에집트의 마리아(Maria the Egyptian)를 중심으로-

조수정 ( Soo Jeong Cho ) 대구사학회 2004 대구사학 Vol.75 No.-

Les e'glises byzantines en Cappadoce, dont les repre'sentations de saintes femmes font l`objet de ce me'moire, se trouvent sur le haut plateau anatolien, centre de l`actuelle Turquie ; en l`e'tat actuel des connaissances, on de'nombre quatre-vingt-dix-sept e'glises(VIIe XIIIe sie`cles) comportant des figures isole'es de saintes femmes. Ce travail a pour but essentiel de re'pertorier et de de'crire les images isole'es de saintes Marie l`Egptienne et Euphemia, en e'clairant leur choix, l`emplacement, leur association avec d`autres images. L`e'tude a porte' aussi sur une analyse iconologique, c`est-a`-dire un examen plus approfondi qui pourra nous e'clairer de fac¸on plus complete sur la repre'sentation des saintes femmes, sur la signification des caracte'ristiques iconographiques, sur leur origine, leur e'volution, et sur leur fonction dans le contexte religieux contemporain. Nous avons re'parti les monuments en huit groupes de'inis ge'ographiquement : re'gion de c¸avus¸in, re'gion d`Avcilar et Go¨reme, re'gion d`U¨rgu¨p, re'gion de Gu¨ls¸ehir, re'gion de Kayseri, re'gion de Nigˇde, valle'es de Gu¨zelo¨z, Sogˇanh et Erdemli, et re'gion du Hasan dagˇi. Le ro^le d`intercesseur parai^t e^tre une des valeurs les plus importantes attache'es aux images de saintes femmes. La sainte, en orante, le`ve ses mains ouvertes devant son buste: ce geste qui souligne la fonction d`intercession est le type iconographique le plus souvent retrouve' dans les e'glises cappadociennes. Le choix des saintes femmes a pu e^tre effectue' selon l`efficacite' de leur intercession, et pour lequel, le ro^le du donateur a e'te' inde'niable. Ainsi la sainte femme fgure'e a` la place privile'gie'e refle`te souvent la de'votion particulie`re du donateur. Pourtant les places accorde'es aux saintes a` ce titre ne sont pas toujours pre`s du sanctuaire. Plus souvent les saintes sont repre'sente'es sur la paroi ouest, ou` les fide`les, quittant l`e'difice et confronte's aux images, les prient et leur demandent l`intercession. De nombreuses images de saintes femmes s`inscrivent dans un contexte fune'raire. Les repre'sentations de saintes femmes dans le narthex, lieu d`inhumation et des offices comme'moratifs et les liturgies fune`bres pour les moines et les fondateurs, ont parfois une valeur particulie`re pour les commanditaires. A` la notion d`intercession parai^t indissociablement lie'e celle de protection. Les images de saintes femmes qui entourent l`entre'e du sanctuaire et de l`e'difice, e'taient investies d`une valeur apotropa??que et protectrice. Intercesseurs, protectrices ou anargyres, les saintes femmes occupent des places privile'gie'esle programme iconographique de l`e'glise. Bien que minoritaires par rapports aux saints, elles illustrent tanto^t la fonction de l`e'glise, tanto^t le ro^le du donateur dans l`exe'cution du de'cor, voire la religiosite' contemporaine. L`image peut e^tre une sorte de signe et de moyen de communication par son efficacite' visuelle elle a un ro^le didactique et e'difiant, dans la visualisation des dogmes et pour aider le fide`le dans sa prie`re et dans sa vie. Il est possible d`interpre'ter l`image de sainte Marie l`Egyptienne et Euphemiacomme une reconnaissance de la souverainete' et une exaltation de la divinite' du Christ. La croix de sainte Euphemie e'voque la victoire sur la mort, la pre'sence du Christ dans l`e'glise et la Seconde Venue du Christ(Parousie) a` la fin des temps pour le Jugement. Bile re'pond aussi aux pre'occupations eschatologiques d`une socie'te' qui vit dans l`espe'rance du salut dans l`au-dela`. Les images de saintes femmes peuvent e^tre lues en rapport avec la liturgie, qui se de'roule dans l`e'glise. La repre'sentation de sainte Marie l`E'gyptienne est assez souvent lie'e au programme du be^ma, a` cause de son histoire a` connotation eucharistique la communion de Marie l`E'gyptienne rec¸u

폴리(에틸렌 테레프탈레이트)의 결정화 속도에 대한 용융 전단의 효과

조수정(Su Jung Cho),김경문(Kyeong Mun Kim),이광희(Kwang Hee Lee) 한국고분자학회 2018 폴리머 Vol.42 No.5

폴리(에틸렌 테레프탈레이트)(PET)의 사출 성형을 효과적으로 수행하기 위해서는 결정화 속도를 증대시키는 것이 필수적이다. 본 연구에서는 PET의 결정화 속도에 대한 용융 전단의 효과를 사출 전후로 나누어 조사하였다. 사출 전 시료의 경우에는 용융 전단의 효과가 핵제의 효과보다 우세한 것으로 관찰되었다. 반면에, 사출 시편의 경우에는 용융 전단의 효과가 뚜렷하게 나타나지 않았다. In order to enhance the molding efficiency for poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) resins in injection molding, the increased crystallization rate of PET should be required. In this study, we investigated the effect of melt shearing on the crystallization rate of PET before and after injection molding. For the samples before injection molding, the effect of melt shearing on the crystallization rate was superior to that of nucleating agent. On the contrary, the effect of melt shearing was not significant for the samples after injection molding.

비잔티움 교회 벽화에 그려진 악마의 이미지 연구

조수정(Cho soo jeong) 서양미술사학회 2013 서양미술사학회논문집 Vol.38 No.-

In the Byzantine art history, the Devil has been regarded as a secondary iconographic theme. The Byzance medievale, published by Prof. Cutler and Spieser, does not have any description of the Devil, and among the 347 plates of the book only one is of a demon. It is not too much to say that the Devil is crouching down in the corner of the Byzantine art focused on Jesus Christ, the Theotokos and the saints. The Devil is not a main theme of the Byzantine iconography; the reason is thought to have originated in the small number of remaining art works, but the fundamental reason is that the Christianity is not based on the interest in the Devil’s nature, its origin, and its end. However, it cannot be denied that the Devil appears throughout the Bible, from the Genesis to the Last Judgment, and the Dogma of Christianity cannot fully explained without the existential meaning of the Devil. Recently recovered, Cappadocian rock-cut churches furnish some byzantine paintings of demons, which make a fantastic and strong impression; this trouvailles have necessitated a new research which complements the existing iconographical theory. Iconographical research has been done into individual art work of demon. But, this kind of research into a specific saint or into a specific period has been always inadequate to draw a general iconographical conclusion of demon in the Byzantine art. So we do a diachronic research on byzantine images of the Devil, instead of adding a monographic bibliography of a certain saint and demon. This short article cannot survey every characteristic and meaning of the Diabolus Byzantinus, but it can show how the Devil appeared for the first time in the Byzantine art and why the iconography had been changed with the times. We, also, try to interpret the hidden meaning of a Cappadocian example, the Kar?ı kilise near the town of Gul?ehir.

임산부의 질의문 분석을 통한 챗봇 구현

조수정(Sujeong Cho),정혜인(Hyein Jeong),손예진(Yejin Sohn),조현아(HyungAh Cho),이화영(HwaYoung Lee),최종원(JongWon Choe) 한국정보과학회 2019 한국정보과학회 학술발표논문집 Vol.2019 No.6

자본시장 불공정거래로 인한 손해배상 활성화

조수정 ( Soo Jung Cho ) 한양대학교 법학연구소 2012 법학논총 Vol.29 No.3

Financial Investment Services and Capital Markets Act(hereafter "the Act") provides that such the unfair trades as the abuse of non-publicized crucial information(art. 174 of the Act), the operation of market prices(art. 176 of the Act), unfair competion(art. 178 of the Act) be punished so as for the actor to be in prison up to 10 years or fined up to five hundred million(art. 443 of the Act); the Act also provides that the victims of the unfair trades have access to damages(arts. 175, 177, 179 of the Act). Such regulations in both criminal as well as civil dimensions have been continually reinforced in the process of reforming the old Securities Transaction Act(s) as well as establishing the Act; in addition, Act on Securities-Related Class Actions was introduced to come into force on January 1, 2005. However, the capital market nowadays faces, notwithstanding all the legislatorial endeavors mentioned in the above, continuously increasing number of unfair trades by the hands not only of securities specialists and but also of individual investors. With the increasing number of unfair trades, the number and amount of victims are on the increase in the direct proportion; the victims actually seldom reach to actions for damages to be fully compensated, which witness that Act is not playing its role in spite of the codification of damages. This article scrutinizes the actualities of damages actions, analyses the causes for their under-utilization and attempts to find how to make them work better. Especially, the author tries to check whether and how far the Market Oversight Commission of Korea Exchange, as institution set up for the fairness, reliability and efficiency fo the capital market, could contribute to facilitating damages against unfair trades.

GATT 예외조항의 적용 범위

조수정(CHO Soo-jung) 서울국제법연구원 2016 서울국제법연구 Vol.23 No.1

본 논문은 GATT의 예외규정이 WTO 부속서 1-가의 상품부속협정 및 가입의정서에 적용되는지 여부에 대해 분석하였다. 첫째, TRIMS 협정이나 최근 제정된 무역원활화협정처럼 GATT 예외규정이 적용됨을 직접 규정한 경우에는 GATT 예외규정이 문제없이 적용된다. 둘째, 세이프가드 협정, SPS/TBT 협정과 같이 GATT 조항이 구체화된 협정들은 그 협정의 특성에 따라 GATT 예외규정 적용여부가 판단된다. 셋째, 기타의 경우, 사례별로, 위반이 문제된 조항과 GATT 예외규정상 특정 관계를 살펴, GATT 예외규정이 문제된 조문에 통합되었다고 볼 수 있을만한 명시적 연결고리가 있어야 GATT 예외규정이 적용된다. 이러한 상황에서 가장 바람직한 방법은 WTO 협상을 통한 협정문 개정이나, 그 때까지는 GATT 예외규정의 적용범위를 가능한 넓게 보아 상품부속협정 적용 요건을 느슨하게 해석하는 것이 필요하다. 상품과 서비스를 차별하거나 상품부속협정간 또는 가입의정서간 위계관계를 설정할 필요가 없고, 특히 GATT 제XXIV조의 예외 인정 범위를 확대 해석하지 않으면 다수의 FTA에 기한 조치들이 WTO 협정에 위반된다고 판정될 가능성이 높고 이러한 점을 현실적으로 고려하지 않을 수 없기 때문이다. Before the WTO was launched, trade in goods was governed by the GATT alone. However, after the WTO took into force, the GATT became one of “trade in goods” agreements of Annex 1-A of the WTO Agreement. Since there is no exception clause covering the whole WTO agreement, it is an important matter whether the GATT exception clauses could be applied to goods agreements beyond the GATT. This article analysed that the GATT exception provisions, in particular Articles 20 and 24, could be resorted to justify measures under the other non-GATT agreements. There can be three categories. First, agreements which state explicitly that GATT exceptions are applied to them. Examples are TRIMS and Agreement on Trade Facilitation. Second, the characteristics of the agreements show whether GATT exceptions are applied. Examples are the Safeguard agreement or the SPS/TBT agreements which clarified GATT provisions. Thirdly, in most cases where the relationship between agreements are unclear, there should be a case-by-case approach about the specific relationship between the provision at issue and GATT exception clauses. The WTO jurisprudence that there should be a specific link showing that GATT exception clauses are incorporated into the provision at issue. This article showed that the desirable way is the amendment of the WTO agreements through the ongoing negotiations. Till the way is to be realized, it is necessary not to set a strict criterion for conditions of the GATT exception applicability. The reasons are that there is no reason to discriminate between goods and services and to set a hierarchy among goods agreements and among accession protocols. In addition, if the scope of Article 24 of GATT applicability is narrowly interpreted, numerous FTA measures in reality are found to violate the WTO Agreements.