드럼세탁기의 헹굼성에 영향을 미치는 세탁조건

정혜원,사미현,송유선,송화순,Chung, Hae-Won,Sa, Mi-Hyun,Song, Yu-Seon,Son, Wha-Soon 한국섬유공학회 2009 한국섬유공학회지 Vol.46 No.5

A drum-type washing machine washes more effectively and consumes less water than the other type washing machines. We need to find the most effective washing conditions to increase the rinsing performance with the reduced amount of rinsing liquid in the drum-type washing machine. In order to determine the most effective washing conditions on the rinsing performance, we have considerd the following factors: main-washing liquid ratio, spin-drying time, spin speed during spin-drying, rinsing liquid ratio, number of rinses, rinsing time, and load of fabric. We also compared the rinsing performance between a controlled wash cycle of the drum-type washing machine and a standard wash cycle of a commercial pulsator-type washing machine. We measured the electrical conductivity of the liquid which was extracted from the fabric after the main-wash and each number of rinse. Increasing the number of rinses was the most important factor in increasing the rinsing performance. Then the rinsing liquor ratio, the main-washing liquid ratio, the load of the fabric, and the spin speed during spin-drying had a decreasing effect on the rinsing performance in that order. In our research the rinsing time and the spin-drying time did not show meaningful difference. The rinsing performance of the drum-type washing machine with a lower rinsing liquor ratio could be the same as or better than that of the pulsator-type washing machine because of the lager drum radius and a much higher spin speed.

Tensiometric 법을 이용한 친수화 PET 섬유의 표면특성 분석

정혜원,S . Kay Obendorf ( Hae Won Chung,S . Kay Obendorf ) 한국의류학회 1991 한국의류학회지 Vol.15 No.4

The dispersion and polar force components of the surface free energy of PET fibers untreated and treated with hydrophilic chemicals, such as nonionic-soil release polymer (SRP), anionic, nonionic and hydrophilic silicone, were determined using harmonic-mean and geometric-mean methods. Contact angles of water and methylene iodide on the fibers were determined from the adhesion tensions using tensiometric method. Fibers treated with hydrophilic chemicals have the increased polar force component and the decreased dispersion force component. The adhesion tensions of triolein for the hydrophilic treated fibers were smaller than that for untreated fiber.

세척용수의 알칼리도와 경도에 따른 레드와인 오구의 색상과 세척성

정혜원,김효정,Chung, Hae-Won,Kim, Hyo-Jeong 한국섬유공학회 2011 한국섬유공학회지 Vol.48 No.6

Red wine has become very popular, in part for its professed health benefits. Anthocyanin pigments, which are the main components of the pigments in red wine, are changed in the molecular structures and the color with the solution having different alkalinity and metals. The color changes of a red wine soiled cloth after washing in various pHs and water hardness solutions were studied. Distilled and tap water, which have lower water hardness, showed the highest $L^*$ value and lowest $a^*$ and $b^*$ values at pH 9. The detergent with added oxygen bleach was more effective in removing red wine soil, even though its pH was 10.8. The effect of the red wine removal with the solution where bleach was added separately was much lower than with the solution of the detergent containing bleach. Water hardness greatly affected the color of the cloth, soiled with red wine after washing. That is, the color was the faintest when the cloth was washed with the bleach-added detergent solution having 0 ppm of water hardness. An effective and economical method or equipment for removing metals in a washing solution for a washing machine should be developed to enhance the stain and soil removal.

β-cyclodextrin 가공 나일론 직물과 PET 직물의 특성

정혜원,황나원,Chung, Hae-Won,Hwang, Na-Won 한국섬유공학회 2012 한국섬유공학회지 Vol.49 No.2

${\beta}$-CD is produced from starch through enzymatic degradation, and therefore it is an eco-friendly material and isn't harmful to the body. Nylon and PET fabrics are being increasingly used in active wear, as customers prefer this more comfortable and multifunctional material, as it provides antimicrobial properties and the removal of body malodor. That being said, ${\beta}$-CD is a proper material for these purposes. The ${\beta}$-CD was applied to a nylon 66 fabric and a PET fabric which were not pre-modified, and also applied to the fabrics that were modified with $O_2$ plasma or alkaline solution in order to increase surface roughness. The characteristics of these fabrics were studied. The PET fabric, which was pretreated with a NaOH solution, gains more weight than the PET fabric without pretreatment by the ${\beta}$-CD finishing. A crosslink between nylon 66 or the PET fiber and the ${\beta}$-CD finishing agent was not formed; however, the crosslink was formed in cotton fibers. This was confirmed using FT-IR and TGA analysis. The whiteness decreased little, the value of WT and MIU decreased, and that of B and RT increased with the ${\beta}$-CD finish. All of the ${\beta}$-CD finished fabrics had washing fastness after 10 washing cycles, even though nylon 66 and the PET fibers were not crosslinked with the ${\beta}$-CD finishing agent.

헹굼성 평가를 위한 세액의 전기전도도 측정과 기존 방법의 비교

정혜원,사미현,송화순,송유선,Chung, Hae-Won,Sa, Mi-Hyun,Song, Wha-Soon,Song, Yu-Seon 한국섬유공학회 2008 한국섬유공학회지 Vol.45 No.4

Drum-type washing machines are gaining in popularity because they have the advantages of a higher washing performance and water conservation. On the other hand, drum-type machines, which have a lower wash liquor-to-fabric ratio, call into question rinsing efficiency. Though rinsing performance is one of the most important factors in effective washing, a criterion method for measuring the rinsing performance has not yet been established. We have used existing methods to evaluate the rinsing performances. In addition, we suggest a method of measuring the electrical conductivity of detergent solutions and verify the relationships with the existing methods. The load was washed once and rinsed from 0 to 5 times. After rinsing, the load was moved to the higher spin extractor, and the extracted solution was measured for alkalinity (IEC 60456), PBIS concentration (AS/NZS 2040.1), LAS concentration, pH and the electrical conductivity of the NaCl solution (KS C 9608) to evaluate the rinsing efficiency. Moreover, LAS in the fabric after the rinsing process was extracted with water by soxhlet and measured. After each step in the laundering process, the load was spun at 600 rpm, 800 rpm or 1000 rpm. Except for the pH method, every other method, which was expressed per unit fabric weight, almost showed the same tendencies as the number of rinses increased. Though, the method of measuring the electrical conductivity of the detergent solutions especially showed the highest correlation with other methods, that method is labor efficient. Therefore measuring the electrical conductivity of detergent solution in this fashion was an efficient way to evaluate rinsing performance.

텐터 신장률이 다른 면/스판덱스 능직물의 반복세탁에 따른 역학적 특성 및 태 비교

정혜원,권진,김효정,석혜준,Chung, Hae-Won,Kwon, Jin,Kim, Hyo-Jeong,Seok, Hye-Joon 한국섬유공학회 2010 한국섬유공학회지 Vol.47 No.4

The effects of the tentering-extension rates and repeated washing on the mechanical properties and hand values of cotton/ spandex twill were examined. A 3% spandex containing cotton twill was treated by tenter extension at different rates of 0%, 5%, 10% and 15%. The processed fabric with a 0% extension rate was also dyed using a reactive dye. The KES-FB system was utilized to measure the mechanical properties of the twill, and the basic and total hand values were determined using a KN-201-MDY and KN-301-WINTER, respectively. The fabrics treated with greater tentering extension and dried in a clothes tumble dryer showed lower bending and shear properties, and became softer and smoother. The greatest change in the mechanical properties and hand values occurred after the first wash, but the differences in the washed and unwashed state decreased with increasing number of wash cycles. These results show that cotton/spandex twill should be extended 5% during tentering to yield less deterioration of the T.H.V., and be dried in a clothes tumble dryer to maintain a soft and smooth hand without affecting the shrinkage and elasticity.

β-cyclodextrin을 이용한 세탁과정 중 산성염료의 이염성 억제 효과

정혜원,황나원,Chung, Haewon,Hwang, Nawon 한국섬유공학회 2017 한국섬유공학회지 Vol.54 No.5

Dyes released from dark-colored nylon fabrics frequently migrate to white or light-colored nylon fabrics during laundering. To examine the factors to reduce this dye migration, the color difference (${\Delta}E^*$) of a nylon fabric laundered in a very dilute solution of C.I. Acid Red 336 was compared with that of the control fabric. The effects of the addition of ${\beta}$-cyclodextrin (${\beta}$-CD) and the variation in the washing conditions during laundering were investigated. The dye in the solution appeared to be included in the ${\beta}$-CD because the absorbance of the dye solution increased with the addition of ${\beta}$-CD. As the concentration of ${\beta}$-CD added to the washing solution containing dilute dye increased, the ${\Delta}E^*$ values of the fabric washed in the solution decreased. On the other hand, the ${\Delta}E^*$ values of the fabric washed in the linear sodium laurylbenzene sulfonate (LAS) anionic surfactant solution containing very dilute dye was much lower than that washed in the solution without the surfactant. On the addition of sodium carbonate, the ${\Delta}E^*$ values of the fabric decreased. The ${\Delta}E^*$ values of the nylon fabric washed in the heavy-duty detergent solution containing dilute dye was significantly lower than that of the fabric washed in the light-duty detergent, and the former decreased more as the ${\beta}$-CD concentration was increased.

$Ca^{2+}$ Inhibitor가 생쥐난자 성숙에 미치는 영향

정혜원,유한기,배인하,Chung, Hye-Won,Yoo, Han-Ki,Bae, In-Ha 대한생식의학회 1992 Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine Vol.19 No.1

In the present study, it was aimed to find the role of calcium on the maturation of mouse follicular oocytes as well as for the role of calcium inhibitors, $Ni^{2+}$ and $La^{3+}$. Mouse follicular oocytes were cultivated in different media at $37^{\circ}C$, in 100% humidified $CO_2$ incubator for 3 and 17 hrs. The results were as follows; 1. There was no differences in GVBD between the control and experimental groups during the 3 hr culture. 2. Mouse oocytes were matured to higher rate in MHBS rather than HTF for 17 hr culture. 3. Maturation rate was significantly lower in $Ca^{2+}$-free and $Ca^{2+}$ 0.4 mM which were tested, compared to other calcium concentration used in the present study. 4. Calcium inhibitor, $Ni^{2+}$, it showed highest degeneration rate at all calcium concentrations and additionally in $Ni^{2+}$ $100{\mu}M$ treated group next. Maturation rate was significantly decrease as the $Ca^{2+}$ inhibitor concentration increased. 5. In all Lanthanum treated groups of calcium-free, degeneration were significantly high treated groups at 0.4 mM $Ca^{2+}$ concentrations degeneration rates of all group were significantly lower than that of the control but maturation rates were not significantly different in any group. In lanthanum $100{\mu}M$ treated group at 0.4 mM and 0.8 mM calcium concentration, its maturation rate was significantly higher than that of the control. Maturation rates of all groups of lanthanum treated at 1.71 mM calcium concentration were not significantly different among groups. 6. In the calcium treated group (0.4mM-1.7 mM), the presence of phosphate does not seem to be needed for oocyte maturation. However, the presence of phosphate at $Ca^{2+}$ 0.8 mM only seems to stimulated maturation.

연구논문 : 응축식 의류건조기의 효율적인 건조 조건

정혜원 ( Hae Won Chung ),김효정 ( Hyo Jeong Kim ),황소연 ( So Yeon Hwang ) 한국의류산업학회 2008 한국의류산업학회지 Vol.10 No.6

권구의 屛山移居期 作品硏究

鄭惠媛(Chung Hae-Won) 한국시조학회 1996 時調學論叢 Vol.12 No.-