Expletive Morphemes in Distributed Morphology

정인기(Inkie Chung) 한국생성문법학회 2021 생성문법연구 Vol.31 No.3

This article proposes insertion of an expletive morpheme as an additional device of PF in the framework of Distributed Morphology. By definition, expletives lack syntactic and semantic features but are still comprised of phonological material. As they are identified as meaningful elements in PF, they have to be formally recognized, and insertion of them has to be implemented in the framework of Distributed Morphology. This paper surveys several expletive morphemes in English (and in German) and their behavior. Examples include the dummy auxiliary do of do support, the dummy verb got of have got and the existential subject there in English and the impersonal subject pronoun es ‘it’ in German. Insertion of these expletive morphemes into the given morphosyntactic or prosodic structure is formalized in the framework of Distributed Morphology.

형태이론의 변천과 보충법

정인기(Chung, Inkie) 한국어학회 2018 한국어학 Vol.81 No.-

This article surveys the development of morphological theories in the tradition of generative grammar. Outlines of the three major theories are presented: (1) the standard theory, i.e., the early period of generative grammar (Chomsky 1965, Chomsky and Halle 1968), (2) the lexicalist hypothesis (Halle 1973, Kiparsky 1982 among others) and (3) distributed morphology (Halle and Marantz 1993). Surveying these frameworks, particular emphasis is placed on the status of lexicon and on the place of morphological and morphophonological operations in conjunction with the syntactic component. Negative suppletion and honorific suppletion in Korean are employed to present superiority of distributed morphology. Adopting the separation hypothesis and post-syntactic insertion of phonological features, distributed morphology presents more plausible and consistent derivation and analysis of such a form as an-kje-si- for [[+neg] [EXIST]] [+hon], i.e., the negative and honorific exponent for the verb is’- ‘exist’, which exhibits both negative suppletion and honorific suppletion.

분산형태론과 영어

정인기(Chung Inkie) 한국영어학회 2009 영어학 Vol.9 No.2

한국어 존대 체계에 대한 통합 적 분산형태론 분석

김재은(Kim, Jaieun),정인기(Inkie Chung) 한국생성문법학회 2015 생성문법연구 Vol.25 No.3

This article presents a unified analysis of Korean honorification morphology in the framework of Distributed Morphology (Halle & Marantz 1993). It pays particular attention to the common exponent -kkey on the nominative and the dative DPs when they are honorified and to a few verbs showing root allomorphy with such an honorified DP. It adopts Embick & Noyer’s (1999) and Choi & Harley’s (2015) mechanism of morpheme insertion in PF and Bobaljik’s (2008) idea of agreement operating in PF via feature sharing. Thus, the abstract honorific morpheme is inserted into the honorified DP in Spec-TP or in Spec-vP postsyntactically, and then this inserted honorific feature is shared with its verb head (T 0 or v 0). Then, the honorific feature conditions the choice of the suppletive forms of the nominative and dative case markers, and the honorific feature in T 0 and v 0 serves as the context for the suppletive contextual allomorphy of certain verb roots, with the honorific feature in T 0 realized as -si. Some consequences are (1) decomposition of honorific case markers -kkeyse and -kkey, (2) vocabulary insertion as feature addition (contra Bobaljik 2000), and (3) confirmation of locality of allomorphy (Bobaljik 2008, 2012).

고등학생의 영어 능숙도와 동사-명사 연어 지식의 상관관계

허민정(Minjeong Heo),정인기(Inkie Chung) 한국중원언어학회 2015 언어학연구 Vol.0 No.37

This study examines the relationship between Korean high school students’ general English proficiency and their verb-noun collocation competence. The subjects (n = 90) have been divided into three groups according to the their general English proficiency and asked to answer 20 multiplechoice and 20 gap-fill collocation questions. On the basis of the data analysis using SPSS 18, this study produces the following results. First, there is a correlation between the subject’s general English proficiency and their verb-noun collocation competence. Second, while the mid- and low-level students’ scores of gap-fill questions are lower than the scores of the multiple-choice questions (which is consistent with previous studies such as Y.-J. Kim, 2005; Jo, 2011; Laufer, 1998, 2009; Laufer & Nation, 1999; Melka, 1997), the high-level students’ scores of gap-fill questions are higher than those of the multiple-choice questions. The results suggest that the high-level students’ levels of receptive and productive competence can be almost the same. Some significant implications for English education are discussed at the end of this study.

Elided Postpositions in Spoken Korean and their Implications on Center Management

Minpyo Hong(홍민표),Kyongjae Park(박경재),Inkie Chung(정인기),Ji-young Kim(김지영) 한국인지과학회 1998 인지과학 Vol.9 No.3

본고는 대화체 이해 시스템을 개발함에 있어 격조사가 생략된 명사구의 구문분석 및 화론적 처리에 관한 논문이다. 라디오 대담 프로그램에서 전사한 실제 대화 자료를 중심으로 격조사 생략현상을 분석한 결과를 통계수치와 함께 제시하고. 기존의 연구 및 관찰의 타당성을 검증한다. 시 간격 조사의 탈락이 필수격 조사의 탈락만큼 빈번함을 새로이 보이고. 나아가 격조사 없는 명사구가 담화의 일관성 유지에 어떤 기여를 하는지 센터링 이론을 적용하여 살펴본 결과, 담화 경계, 비한정 수사, 그리고 용언의 유형에 의존함을 보인다. Abstract This paper discusses the observations on the behavior of post-nominal grammatical particles in on-going Korean dialogues and their implications on attentional states of dialogue participants and local coherence management. Based on empirical studies on various forms of natural conversations in spoken Korean collected from radio talk shows, some novel findings concerning the postposition ellipsis in colloquial Korean are revealed along with the specification of syntactic environments for the elided postpositions with the grammatical function of morphological case marking. We propose to develop a Korean dialogue understanding system that does not crucially depend on case markers or postpositions in syntactic parsing, and suggest a sketch of factors that are involved in center management in Korean dialogues.

‘ㅅ’ 연장음에 대한 일반인과 언어재활사 간의 지각 비교

박진(Jin Park),전제표(Je-Pyo Jun),정인기(Inkie Chung) 한국청각언어재활학회 2018 Audiology and Speech Research Vol.14 No.3

Purpose: This study examines 1) whether two groups of Korean listeners (i.e., average adult listeners and speech-language pathologists) show any difference(s) in the minimal duration of the prolonged Korean fricative /s/ perceived as ‘abnormal’ and 2) whether the two groups perceive the prolonged sound ‘categorically’ or ‘continuously.’ Methods: Fifty participants (25 average adult listeners and 25 speech-language pathologists) have been asked to identify whether each version of the plain voiceless fricative /s/ in the word san ‘mountain’produced by a normally fluent Korean speaker and manipulated to create a range of prolonged sounds (i.e., from 0 ms to 380 ms by 20-ms increments) is normal (0) or abnormal (1), and to rate each version of the fricative based on a rating of normal to abnormal or stuttered) (1 to 100). Results: Results show that the minimal threshold for the prolonged sound perceived as ‘abnormal’ is 375 ms for average adult listeners and 355 ms for speech-language pathologists. In addition, both groups perceive the range of sounds more continuously than categorically. Also, a significant group difference exists in that speech-language pathologists rate disfluent sounds more strictly (or higher) than average adult listeners. Conclusion: Speech-language pathologists are more sensitive than average adult listeners. The implications of these results are further discussed.