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콜로이드/계면변수가 Zirconia의 치밀화와 기공제거에 미치는 영향
장현명,한규호,이기강,정한남 한국세라믹학회 1990 한국세라믹학회지 Vol.27 No.2
The sintering characteristics of ZrO2 were analyzed in terms of pore microstructure and kinetics of pore elimination. The pore structue of the ZrO2 sample prepared from colloid suspension was characterized by three distinct types of pores ; intradomain, interdomain, and intergglomerate pores. Sintering data at 1600$^{\circ}C$ showed that pores larger than a certain critical size(∼3$\mu\textrm{m}$) were difficult to remove, and this was analyzed in terms of the interagglomerate pore formed from the suspension under the condition of low kinetic stability, that is, the stability ratio smaller than its critical value. A theoretical equation for densification rate was derived and was applied to the densification rate of the ZrO2 polycrystalline body containging both the matrix(the 1st-generation) pores and the interagglomerate (the 2nd-generation) pores under the condition of slow grain growth.
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용융-조직 성장에 의한 초전도성 $YBa_2Cu_3O_{7-x}$상의 생성 특성
장현명,문길원 한국세라믹학회 1990 한국세라믹학회지 Vol.27 No.5
Melt-textured growth of the YBa2Cu3O7-x phase from a supercooled melt created locally aligned, barshaped grains of the orthorhombic 1-2-3 phase. Based on all the observed phenomena, the gross mechanism of the melt-textrued growth of YBa2Cu3O7-x on the (100) plane of MgO was delineated by three basic patterns of reactions. These are : (ⅰ) formation of the aligned 1-2-3 phase and the Y-rich 2-1-1 phase at the bulk region away from the (100) plane of MgO ; (ⅱ) formation of the Cu-richprecipitates at the interfacial region by the selective interface-induced precipitation of the liquid phase ; (ⅲ) condensation reaction of the entrapped Cu-rich vapor with Mg atoms during the initial stage of rapid cooling from 130$0^{\circ}C$ to 98$0^{\circ}C$.
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Zirconia성형체의 미세구조와 콜로이드/계면변수와의 상관관계에 대한 분석
장현명,한규호,이기강,정한남 한국세라믹학회 1990 한국세라믹학회지 Vol.27 No.1
The green microstructure and sintering behavior of ZrO2 were analyzed in terms of kinetic stability (measured by the stability ratio ; W) and interfacial characteristics of colloidal suspension. Green density and the most frequent pore radius(MFPR) of green body were directly correlated with the stability ratio. These observations were explained using a concept of the critical stability ratio(Wc) and the potential energy of two interacting particles in colloidal suspension. Analysis of the data also indicates that the potential energy barrier between two interacting colloid particles should be higher than its critical value for a fabrication of ZrO2 green body with dense and uniform microstructure. Besides, we have successfully applied a concept of the donoracceptor interaction to increase the kinetic stability of ZrO2 slip and density of green body.
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표면-유기 코팅에 의해 합성한 $Al_2O_3-ZrO_2(ZTA)$ 복합체의 미세구조와 소결거동
장현명,문종하,김광수 한국세라믹학회 1994 한국세라믹학회지 Vol.31 No.1
Al2O3-ZrO2(ZTA) composites were fabricated by a surface-induced coating of the precursor for the ZrO2 phase on the kinetically stable colloid particles of Al2O3. The fabricated composites were characterized by a uniform spatial distribution of the dispersed ZrO2 phase and by the absence of large ZrO2 grains throughout the Al2O3 matrix. The fracture toughness (KIC) and the bending strength of ZTA composites sintered at 1$600^{\circ}C$, respectively, were 5.6 MPa.m1/2 (for 20 wt% ZrO2) and 600 MPa (for 15wt% ZrO2). The fraction of tetragonal ZrO2 phase decreases as the total content of ZrO2, suggesting that both the stress-induced tlongrightarrowm transformation and the microcrack nucleation contribute to the toughening of the ZTA composites fabricated by the surface-induced coating.
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장현명 ( Jang Hyun Myung ) 연세법학회(구 연세법학연구회) 2017 연세법학 Vol.30 No.-
군형법은 다수 국민의 일상생활과 밀접히 맞닿아 있다. 또한 왜곡된 법 관념이나 사회 속의 군대문화에 영향을 줄 우려가 매우 크기도 하다는 점에서 민주주의와 법치주의의 한계를 넘지 않도록 적절한 통제가 필요하다. 본 연구는 보다 적극적이고 보다 정밀하게 현상을 관찰하여야 한다는 관심과 문제의식을 유발하는 데 그 의의가 있다. 그런데 우리 헌법재판소는 군형법 조항에 대한 위헌성 결정에 소극적인 듯하다. 전체 위헌법률심판과 위헌소원 사건 중 위헌성 결정 비율은 22.1 4%인데 비하여 군형법 조항에 대한 위헌성 결정 비율은 10%에 그치고 있다. 특히 명령위반죄(제47조)와 추행죄(제92조의5)에 관한 사건이 많으며, 계류 중인 사건 6건 중 3건이 추행죄에 대한 청구이다. 그러나 군형법 조항 중에서도 빈번하게 위헌심사가 제기되는 명령위반죄와 추행죄에 대하여 합헌 결정만이 선고되고 있다. 따라서 본 연구는 명령위반죄와 추행죄를 둘러싼 이제까지의 헌법재판 사례들을 통하여 합헌 결정들의 근거가 얼마나 충실한 것인지 분석하기 위한 것이다. 특이한 점은 종래 관련 연구들이나 비판들이 원리와 이론 중심이었던 데 비하여 본 연구는 구체적으로 작동하고 있는 현상들 속의 현실적·실질적 근거들을 발견하여 제시해 보았다. 헌법재판소는 군, 크게는 국가안보라는 거대 국익의 보호를 중시한다. 그러면서 실증적이지 않고 추상적이고 선언적인 주장만을 그 근거로 제시 한다. 그 결과 보호법익 설정에 있어서의 오류, 자의적 차별 취급, 구성요건의 포괄위임, 비례성 원칙의 형해화, 명확성의 원칙의 극단적 완화 등의 결과를 낳고 있다는 점을 확인하였다. 본 연구의 다음 단계는 이러한 군형법에 대한 특혜가 당연하다고 인식되고 국가권력을 작동시키는 메커니즘을 규명하고 그것이 정당하지 않다면 개선하기 위한 방법을 모색하는 것이다. 궁극적으로는 입법론적 관점에서 어떠한 구성요건 또는 제도가 어떻게 변하여야 할 것이라고 대안을 제시하는 데까지 후속 연구가 지속적으로 진행되어야 할 것이다. The Military Criminal Act is closely related to the daily lives of many people. It is very likely to affect the distorted sense of law or military culture in society. Therefore, the Military Criminal Act needs proper control so as not to exceed the limits of democracy and rule of law. This study is meaningful in that it raises the interest and consciousness regarding this issue and in that it observes the phenomenon more actively and precisely. However, the Constitutional Court seems to be reluctant to decide that certain articles of the Military Criminal Act are unconstitutional. Whereas the Constitutional Court has ruled 22.14% of all the cases challenging the constitutionality of a statute and constitutional complaints as unconstitutional, it has only ruled 10% of all cases challenging the constitutionality of articles in the Military Criminal Act as unconstitutional. In particular, there are many cases concerning Violation of Order(Article 47) and Indecent Act(Article 92-6). In fact, three out of the six pending cases are charges against Indecent Act. However, the Constitutional Court so far has ruled these articles as constitutional. Therefore, this study aims to analyze whether the reasoning behind such Constitutional Court decisions was based on appropriate grounds. Previous studies and criticisms were analyzed on the basis of principles and theories. This study aims to discover and present realistic and practical grounds. The Constitutional Court places importance on the protection of military or national security. However, it presents only non-empirical and abstract claims as grounds for constitutionality. Through thorough analysis, this study confirmed that there were errors in the establishment of the scope of protection of the law, arbitrary discriminatory handling, deterioration of the rule against blanket delegation and principle of the proportionality, and extreme relaxation of the rule of clarity. The next step in this study is to identify the mechanisms by which these distortions naturally dominate the state and society. And if it is not justified, we should seek ways for improvement. Ultimately, following studies should continue to suggest legislative alternatives.
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