석류 껍질 분말을 첨가한 스펀지 케이크의 품질 특성, 노화도 분석 및 항산화 활성

장양양 ( Yangyang Zhang ),송가영 ( Ka-young Song ),오현빈 ( Hyeonbin O ),정기영 ( Ki Youeng Joung ),신소연 ( So Yeon Shin ),김영순 ( Young-soon Kim ) 한국식품영양학회 2017 韓國食品營養學會誌 Vol.30 No.3

An agricultural waste, pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) peel is known to be rich in total phenolics, which are flavonoids having strong antioxidant effects. In this study, pomegranate peel sponge cakes were prepared with varying ratios of freeze dried pomegranate peel powder (0, 1, 3, 5, 7% (w/w)) to examine their effect on quality characteristics, retrogradation and antioxidant activities. The specific gravity and moisture contents of 3, 5, and 7% pomegranate peel powder showed higher values than the control and 1% group. Addition of pomegranate peel powder increased the batter yield, while there was a significant decrease in baking loss. Increasing pomegranate peel powder content significantly decreased the lightness (L) (from 75.03 to 57.04) and pH values, whereas redness (a), yellowness (b) and ΔE were increased. Increasing concentration of the peel powder also increased the hardness and chewiness, while the springiness and cohesiveness decreased. Considering the Avrami equation, Avrami exponene (n) decreased from 1.8055 (control) to 0.9199 (7% pomegranate peel powder). Time constant (1/k) was lowest in control (at 17.64) and highest in the 7% group (39.84). Total polyphenol, flavonoid content, DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging activities significantly increased with increments in the content of pomegranate peel powder. A sensory evaluation by the 7-point scaling method showed that the sponge cake containing 7% pomegranate peel powder had the highest scores in color, flavor, sweetness, chewiness and overall acceptability. Hence, it is considered that sponge cake supplemented with 7% pomegranate peel powder is the most appropriate for quality characteristics, retrograde-tion and antioxidant activities.

아스파라거스 분말을 첨가한 설기떡의 품질 특성 및 항산화 활성

장양양(Yangyang Zhang),김종희(Jong-Hee Kim),송가영(Ka-Young Song),오현빈(Hyeonbin O),김영순(Young-Soon Kim) 동아시아식생활학회 2016 동아시아식생활학회지 Vol.26 No.1

아스파라거스 분말을 첨가한 스펀지 케이크의 품질 특성 및 항산화 활성

장양양,송가영,오현빈,최병범,김영순,Zhang, Yangyang,Song, Ka-Young,O, Hyeon Bin,Choi, Byung Bum,Kim, Young-Soon 한국식품조리과학회 2015 한국식품조리과학회지 Vol.31 No.5

Asparagus, which was known to be a good source of dietary fiber and vitamins, has been reported to possess various medical actions such as antioxidant and blood pressure regulating effects. In order to examine the quality and antioxidant characteristics of asparagus, asparagus sponge cakes were prepared with different ratios of freeze dried asparagus powder (0%, 2%, 4%, 6%, 8%, w/w) in this study. With the increase of asparagus powder content in the sponge cakes, the specific gravity and baking loss increased while the dough yield decreased significantly. The moisture contents of the sponge cakes were not significantly different between the control and the cakes prepared with asparagus powder. The pH of the sponge cakes decreased significantly with increased amounts of asparagus powder. Furthermore, the pH of the sponge cake containing 8% asparagus powder was the lowest at 7.49. With the increase of asparagus powder content in the sponge cakes, lightness (L) and redness (a) decreased, whereas yellowness (b) increased. In texture analysis, the hardness and chewiness of the sponge cakes increased as the asparagus powder content increased, while the cohesiveness of the sponge cakes with asparagus powder decreased. Both total polyphenol content and DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl hydrazyl) radical scavenging activity increased significantly with increased levels of asparagus powder content in the sponge cakes. In a sensory evaluation using a scale of 1-7, the sponge cake containing 8% asparagus powder had the lowest sensory preference scores. Therefore, the results of this study suggest that sponge cake prepared with 6% asparagus powder is the most appropriate product for quality characteristics.

석류 껍질 분말을 첨가한 찐빵의 품질특성

장양양,송가영,오현빈,정기영,신소연,김영순,Zhang, Yangyang,Song, Ka-Young,O, Hyeonbin,Joung, Ki Youeng,Shin, So Yeon,Kim, Young-Soon 한국식품조리과학회 2017 한국식품조리과학회지 Vol.33 No.1

Purpose: Pomegranate has been reported to exhibit medical properties such as antimicrobial, antimutagenic, anticancer, and anti-inflammatory effects. Especially the pomegranate peel as a by-product of the juice industry possesses more polyphenols with an antioxidant effect than the pomegranate flesh does. This study aimed to investigate the effect of the pomegranate peel on the quality characteristics of steamed bread. Methods: Steamed bread containing pomegranate peel was prepared with 0%, 1%, 3%, 5%, and 7% replacements of wheat flour with pomegranate peel powder, respectively. Results: The pH of dough significantly decreased from 5.66 to 4.42 with the amounts of pomegranate peel powder rising. After a 1st fermentation, the pH of all groups decreased. With an increase of the pomegranate peel powder level, the fermentation tension decreased from 42.83 mL to 29.03 mL. In addition, the volume, the specific volume, and moisture decreased as the pomegranate peel powder content level heightened. For color, steamed bread added with 7% pomegranate peel powder displayed low lightness but high redness and yellowness. In texture analysis, hardness and chewiness of the steamed bread rose as the pomegranate peel powder content increased, while the springiness and cohesiveness declined. Both total polyphenol and DPPH radical scavenging activity significantly increased with growing levels of pomegranate peel powder. In a sensory evaluation, the group with 1% pomegranate peel powder added showed the highest sensory preference scores for color, flavor, chewiness, taste, and overall acceptability. Conclusion: The results of this study suggest that steamed bread prepared with the addition of 1% pomegranate peel powder is the most optimal product for appropriate quality characteristics.

비트 분말을 첨가한 스폰지 케이크의 품질특성 및 저장 기간에 따른 노화 억제 효과

송가영,오현빈,장양양,정기영,김영순,Song, Ka-Young,O, Hyeonbin,Zhang, Yangyang,Jeong, Ki Youeng,Kim, Young-Soon 한국식품조리과학회 2016 한국식품조리과학회지 Vol.32 No.6

Purpose: This study investigated quality characteristics and retarding retrogradation of sponge cake added beetroot powder. Methods: Sponge cakes were prepared using 0%, 2%, 4%, 6%, and 8% of beetroot powder. The specific capacity, baking loss, and dough yield were calculated. Moisture content and pH were also measured. Color values were assessed using a color measurement spectrophotometer. The retarding retrogradation was calculated employing the Avrami equation. Results: The specific capacity increased in parallel to the addition of beetroot powder's elevation, but baking loss significantly decreased. The dough yield was high in 6% and 8% additions however moisture content did not differ. The pH was increased in 0-4% additions. L and b-values significantly decreased according to the level of beetroot powder. For retarding retrogradation, a 4% addition had the effect of delaying the sponge cake's staling. Conclusion: These results suggested that the beetroot can be considered a good material to improve the quality characteristics, sensory properties, and after the addition of 4% of beetroot powder was able to delay staling. Therefore, so it is assumed to improve the sponge cake shelf life.

호박잎 분말을 첨가한 스폰지 케이크의 품질 특성, 항산화 활성 및 저장 기간에 따른 노화 억제 효과

송가영,오현빈,장양양,정기영,김영순,Song, Ka-Young,O, Hyeonbin,Zhang, Yangyang,Joung, Ki Youeng,Kim, Young-Soon 한국식품영양학회 2016 韓國食品營養學會誌 Vol.29 No.6

This study investigated the quality characteristics, antioxidant activities, and retarding retrogradation of sponge cakes made with 0%, 1%, 3%, 5% and 7% pumpkin (Cucurbita moschata Duch.) leaf powder. Specific capacity significantly increased with the addition (0.33~0.38), but baking loss and dough yield were not significantly different (p<0.05). In color, there was a decrease in the L-value, a-value and b-value, but ${\Delta}E$ increased in proportion to the amount of pumpkin leaf powder. Moisture content increased in the 0~3% additions, from 27.90~31.68%, but decreased in 5% and 7% (22.37% and 28.15%, respectively). pH tended to decrease significantly according to the amount of pumpkin leaf powder (p<0.05). Hardness increased with the addition of pumpkin leaf powder, and pumpkin leaf groups presented higher springiness and cohesiveness than the control. Chewiness was not significantly differ (p<0.05). In retarding retrogradation, Avrami exponent (n) showed that addition of 5% (0.1329) had more retarding retrogradation effect than the control (0.4319), whereas time constant (1/k) showed both 3% (100.00) and 5% (70.42) addition had more effect than control (18.45). Total phenols and flavonoids content increased proportionate to the addition levels. ABTS radical scavenging activity tended to increase according to the level of pumpkin leaf powder. In sensory properties, 5% addition showed maximum color, and 3% addition had the highest scores in flavor, moistness, sweetness, chewiness and overall acceptability. These results suggested that pumpkin leaf was a good addition to improve the quality characteristics, health and sensory preferences. The most appropriate proportion to have the effect of retarding retrogradation in sponge cake is 3%.

잎채소 분말을 첨가한 초콜릿의 품질특성 및 항산화 활성

오현빈,송가영,장양양,정기영,신소연,김영순,O, Hyeonbin,Song, Ka-Young,Zhang, Yangyang,Joung, Ki Youeng,Shin, So Yeon,Kim, Young-Soon 한국식품조리과학회 2017 한국식품조리과학회지 Vol.33 No.3

Purpose: The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of various leaf powders on chocolate by analyzing quality characteristics, antioxidant activities, and sensory characteristics. Methods: Pine needles, mulberry leaves, ramie leaves, barley leaves, and squash leaves were freeze-dried, powdered, and added to the chocolate. Results: Water contents of all leaf powder-added groups were significantly higher than that of the control (15.78%). The pH values of chocolate with leaf powder were lower than that of the control (6.33) while that of mulberry leaf chocolate (6.56) was higher than that of the control. In color measurement, L-value, a-value, and b-value were highest in pine needle chocolate (30.31, 3.52, and 4.78, respectively). The ${\Delta}E$ value (total color difference compared to white board) was the highest in squash leaf chocolate (69.51) and significantly different from that of the control (67.69). The hardness of leaf powder-added chocolate was lower than that of the control (6.84 N), except for pine needles. In the antioxidant activity analysis, chocolate with pine needles and squash leaves had higher polyphenols, flavonoids, and ABTS radical scavenging antioxidant activity than those of the control. Overall consumer acceptability was the most preferred in the control compared to the other groups. However, chocolate with mulberry and barley leaves also received high scores (5.60 and 5.40, respectively) for overall acceptability. Conclusion: It can be concluded that chocolate with barley leaves is desirable for making functional chocolate due to its high consumer preference and positive effects on improving antioxidant activities.

흑토마토 분말을 첨가한 냉동 쿠키의 품질 및 항산화 특성

오현빈,최병범,송가영,장양양,김영순,O, Hyeonbin,Choi, Byung Bum,Song, Ka-Young,Zhang, Yangyang,Kim, Young-Soon 한국식품영양학회 2016 韓國食品營養學會誌 Vol.29 No.1

본 연구에서는 기능성 쿠키 제조 및 쿠키의 품질 향상을 위한 목적으로 동결건조한 흑토마토 분말을 첨가하여 냉동쿠키를 제조하고, 분말 첨가 비율(1~7%)에 따른 쿠키의 품질특성, 항산화 활성 및 관능 특성을 분석하였다. 반죽의 밀도는 1%, 3% 첨가군은 대조군에 비하여 낮게 나타났으나, 3~7% 첨가군 사이에는 유의적인 차이를 보이지 않았다. 반죽의 pH는 7% 첨가군에서 5.16으로 가장 낮았다. 퍼짐성은 흑토마토 분말 첨가량에 따라 유의적으로 증가하였으며, 굽기 손실은 5% 첨가군까지는 증가하는 경향을 보였으나, 5% 첨가군과 7% 첨가군 사이에는 유의적인 차이를 보이지 않았다. 색도 측정에서 L(명도) 값은 점차 감소하였고, a(적색도) 값은 흑토마토 분말 첨가군이 대조군보다 더 높았으나 흑토마토 분말을 5% 이상 첨가하였을 때는 유의적인 차이를 보이지 않았다. b(황색도) 값은 5% 첨가군까지 대조군(26.34)에 비해 감소하는 경향을 보였다. ${\Delta}E$(총색차값)도 5% 첨가군과 7% 첨가군에서는 유의적인 차이를 보이지 않았다. 경도는 대조군이 $107.77g/cm^2$로 가장 낮았으며, 7% 첨가군이 $170.50g/cm^2$로 가장 높았다. 흑토마토 분말 첨가량이 증가함에 따라 총 폴리페놀 함량이 유의적으로 증가하였고, DPPH $IC_{50}$은 감소하여 쿠키의 항산화력이 높아지는 것으로 나타났다. 관능 검사에서 소비자 기호도 항목 중 색과 조직감 항목에서 흑토마토 분말 첨가군이 대조군보다 더 높은 점수를 받았다. 특성 강도는 모든 항목에서 대조군 및 첨가군 간에 유의적인 차이를 보이지 않았다. 전반적인 기호도는 3%, 5% 첨가군이 4.93으로 대조군의 3.99보다 높은 점수를 받았다. 이상의 결과를 종합하면, 흑토마토 분말을 첨가하였을 때 쿠키의 퍼짐성이 증가하고, 총 폴리페놀 함량과 DPPH 라디칼 소거능이 증가하였으며, 관능평가에서도 색, 조직감 등에서 대조군에 비해 좋은 평가를 받았다. 흑토마토 분말은 쿠키의 품질 특성 및 항산화 활성에 긍정적인 효과를 주어, 기능성 쿠키 제조 및 쿠키의 품질 향상을 위한 흑토마토 분말의 이용 가능성을 확인하였다. 그러나 흑토마토 분말을 5% 이상 첨가하였을 때 밀도, 굽기 손실, 색상, 특성 강도 등에서 유의적인 차이를 보이지 않았으며, 관능검사에서도 소비자들이 전반적으로 5% 첨가군을 가장 선호할 것으로 예상되어 흑토마토 분말의 첨가량을 적절히 조절해야 할 필요성이 발견되었다. 쿠키를 제조할 시 밀가루의 5%를 대체하는 것이 가장 바람직할 것으로 예상된다. Black tomato (Lycopersicum esculentum) is known to have more ${\beta}-carotene$, lycopene, and vitamin C than general red-colored tomatoes. In this study, we evaluated the quality properties, antioxidant activities and sensory characteristics of black tomato cookies. Cookies were prepared by replacing 0, 1, 3, 5, and 7% of flour with black tomato powder. Density of black tomato cookies tended to be decreased between control (1.20) and 3% added groups (1.12). pH value was decreased from control (6.66) to 7% added group (5.16). Spread factor and loss rate were increased with increasing amounts of black tomato powder. Hardness was gradually increased from $107.77g/cm^2$ in control to $170.50g/cm^2$ in 7% added group. Color measurement indicated that L-value (brightness) was highest in control (70.46) and lowest in 7% added group (45.23); whereas, a-value (redness) increased while b-value (yellowness) tended to decrease with increasing amounts of black tomato powder. Total polyphenol contents and DPPH radical scavenging activities were directly proportional to the amount of black tomato powder. Consumer preference scores in color and flavor of black tomato powder added group were higher than those of control. Characteristic strength test was not significantly different among the groups. Overall, the results indicated that adding 5% black tomato powder is desirable for making black tomato cookies.

전분의 종류를 달리하여 제조한 Gluten-free 쿠키의 품질특성 및 항산화 활성 비교

정기영,송가영,오현빈,장양양,신소연,김영순,Joung, Ki Youeng,Song, Ka-Young,O, Hyeonbin,Zhang, Yangyang,Shin, So Yeon,Kim, Young-Soon 한국식품조리과학회 2017 한국식품조리과학회지 Vol.33 No.2

Purpose: This study examined the effect of different gluten-free flours on the properties of cookies. Methods: Each gluten-free cookie was made from wheat, brown rice, buckwheat, corn, sorghum, teff, or black rice. Results: Baking loss was highest on sorghum (18.85%) and the lowest on teff (12.73%). The spread factor was highest on brown rice (8.20) and lowest on corn (7.60). The density was similar in all samples (1 g/mL). pH was the highest on buckwheat (6.45) and lowest on wheat (5.96). While L-value, a-value and b-value were lowest on black rice, the ${\Delta}E-value$ was the highest on black rice (35.57). The hardness was highest on wheat (30.28 N) and lowest on teff (14.87 N). The polyphenol and flavonoid content was the highest on buckwheat ($25.97{\mu}g\;GAE/mg$) and the flavonoid content was the highest on black rice ($24.33{\mu}g\;QE/mg$). The DPPH IC50 value was highest on wheat ($352.41{\mu}g/mL$) and lowest on black rice ($33.59{\mu}g/mL$). The ABTS $IC_{50}$ value was highest on wheat ($349.30{\mu}g/mL$) and lowest on black rice ($57.72{\mu}g/mL$). The results of the sensory properties revealed color to be highest on corn (7.33). The top grain was similar in all the samples (5.43-6.57). Flavor was highest on black rice and teff (6.43-6.48). The softness was the highest on wheat, sorghum, teff, and black rice (6.48-7.05). Sweetness was highest on sorghum, teff, and black rice (6.19-6.71). The overall preference also was highest on sorghum, teff, and black rice (6.14-6.48). Conclusion: Gluten-free flours can improve the quality characteristics and antioxidant activities of cookies.

치아 시드 분말 첨가가 양갱의 품질 특성에 미치는 영향

오현빈 ( Hyeonbin O ),송가영 ( Ka-young Song ),장양양 ( Yangyang Zhang ),정기영 ( Ki Youeng Jung ),김영순 ( Young-soon Kim ) 한국식품영양학회 2017 韓國食品營養學會誌 Vol.30 No.2

본 연구에서는 식이섬유와 단백질이 풍부한 치아 시드 분말을 팥앙금 무게의 0%, 1%, 2%, 3% 및 4% 첨가하여 양갱을 제조하고, 품질 특성 분석 및 소비자 기호도 조사를 시행하였다. 수분함량은 치아 시드 분말 첨가량에 따라 증가하는 경향을 보였으며, pH는 유의적으로 감소하였다(p<0.05). 가용성 고형분 함량은 2.77~3.33 °Bx의 범위를 보이며 증가하는 경향을 보였다. 치아 시드 분말의 첨가량이 증가함에 따라 L값은 33.07~36.48의 범위를 보이며 증가하였고, a값과 b값은 치아 시드 분말을 3% 이상 첨가하였을 때 유의적으로 증가하였다. ΔE값은 치아시드 분말 첨가량에 따라 점점 감소하여 CSP4에서 가장 낮게 나타났다. 경도(Hardness)와 탄력성(Springiness)은 치아시드의 높은 식이섬유 함량으로 인해 증가하는 경향을 보였으며, 응집성(Cohesiveness)은 대조군에 비해 치아시드 첨가군이 낮게 나타났다. 씹힘성(Chewiness)과 부착성(Adhesiveness)은 유의적인 차이를 보이지 않았다(p<0.05). 치아 시드 양갱에 대한 소비자 기호도 조사 결과, 향미 이외의 모든 항목에서 대조군과 치아 시드 분말 첨가군 사이에 유의적인 차이가 없었다(p<0.05). 총 폴리페놀 함량은 7.23~10.73 mg GAE/100 g의 범위를 보였으며, 치아 시드 분말 첨가량에 따라 증가하였다. ABTS IC₅₀도 대조군에 비하여 치아 시드 분말 첨가군이 낮게 나타나, 항산화 활성이 높은 것으로 나타났다. 치아 시드 분말을 첨가하여 양갱을 제조하였을 때 치아 시드 분말은 가용성 고형분함량과 조직감에 영향을 주는 것으로 사료된다. 그러나 소비자 기호도 조사에서, 치아 시드 분말을 3% 이상 첨가하였을 때 향미에 부정적인 영향을 주는 것으로 나타나, 양갱 제조 시 치아시드 분말의 적절한 첨가 수준은 2%인 것으로 판단된다. Chia (Salvia hispanica L.) seed, originated from Central America, is a nutritious food especially rich in dietary fiber and protein. In this study, we investigated the quality and sensory characteristics of Yanggang with chia seed powder (CSP). Red bean paste was replaced with CSP at 0% (Control), 1% (CSP1), 2% (CSP2), 3% (CSP3) and 4% (CSP4). The pH values of chia seed Yanggang tended to decrease from Control (6.84) to CSP4 (6.67); whereas, the moisture contents of Yanggang samples tended to increase. The soluble solid contents of CSP4 were the highest (3.33 ˚Bx), as compared to the Control which showed the lowest values (2.77 ˚Bx). In the CSP-added groups, the L-value (lightness), a-value (redness) and b-value (yellowness) were increased, while the ΔE (total color difference) was decreased, as compared to the control group. Hardness and springiness were both increased from control (49.77 g/㎠ and 464.80%, respectively) to CSP4 (72.21 g/㎠ and 532.43%, respectively). However, cohesiveness decreased from control (47.41%) to CSP4 (37.34%). Chewiness and adhesiveness showed no significant group-wise difference (p<0.05). Total polyphenol content ranged from 7.23 to 10.73 mg GAE/100 g, with a lower ABTS IC₅₀ of the CSP-added groups than that of the control group. Samples from the CSP-added as well as Control groups showed no significant differences among all items on the sensory evaluation test, except flavor. The results indicated that CSP had significant effects on the soluble solid contents and texture of Yanggang. Thus, the addition of 2% of CSP is desirable for making Yanggang.