시판 수산식품에 대한 세균학적 연구 2. 생선회의 위생지표 세균에 관하여

장동석,최위경,CHANG Dong-Suck,CHOE Wi-Kyung 한국수산과학회 1973 한국수산과학회지 Vol.6 No.3,4

This examination was carried out to evaluate the sanitary quality of slices of raw fish being served in the restaurants. Twenty five kinds of slices of raw fish collected from various restaurants in Busan Korea were examined during the period from March to May in 1971. As the evaluation factors of sanitary quality, the contents of sanitary indicative bacteria such as coliform group, fecal coliform, feral streptococci and enterococci and plate counts were determined. The results obtained are as in below: 1. The numbers of fecal streptococci and enterococci MPN were much greater than those of coliform group and fecal coliform. 2. The median value of coliform group MPN was 3,300 per 100 grams of the sample examined and those of enterococci was 5,400. The median value of plate counts was $1.8\times10^5$ per gram. 3. Fifty-two percent of the samples examined were exceeded fecal coliform MPN 930 per 100 grams. 4. As a sanitary indicative bacteria fecal coliform MPN was more reasonable than enterococci 5. The grade of restaurants was not correlated with the bacterial quality of the foods served. 6. No correlation between the numbers of sanitary indicative bacteria ana plate counts was observed. 우리가 즐겨 먹고 있는 생선회의 위생지표 세균의 오염도를 파악하고 나아가서 식품의 위생관리에 필요한 기초자료를 얻고자 1971년 3월부터 5월까지 부산시내 각종 음식점에서 손님에게 제공된 상태의 생선회 25종류를 수집하여 위생지표 세균인 대장균군, 분변계대장균, 분변계연쇄상구균, 장구균 및 일반생균수를 시험하여 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 1. fecal streptococci나 enterococci MPN은 coliform group이나 fecal coliform MPN보다 매우 높았다. 2. 대장균군과 장구균의 중앙치는 각각 3,300, 5,400 이었으며 일반생균수의 중앙치는 $1.8\times10^5$이었다. 3, 분변계대장균 MPN 230이상인 것이 시료의 $52\%$였다. 4. 생선회의 위생지표 세균으로서는 장구균보다 분변계대장균이 보다 합리적이었다. 5. 일반적으로 생각하는 음식점의 우열과 세균 오염도는 일치하지 않았다. 6. 각 위생지표 세균과 일반생균수 사이에는 일정한 상관관계는 없었다.

시판 수산식품에 대한 세균학적 연구 1. 건제품의 위생지표 세균에 관하여

장동석,최위경,CHANG Dong-Suck,CHOE Wi-Kyung 한국수산과학회 1973 한국수산과학회지 Vol.6 No.3,4

현재 우리나라에서 시판되고 있는 수산 건제품에 대한 위생지표 세균의 오염도를 파악하고 나아가서 식품의 위생관리에 필요한 기초자료를 얻고자 1970년 9일부터 12월까지 부산시 남포동 건어물 시장과 충무동 어패류 처리조합에서 건제품 21종을 수집하여 위생지표 세균인 대장균군, 분변계대장균, 분변계연쇄상구균, 장구균 및 일반생균수를 시험하여 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 1. 전 식품을 통하여 fecal strepococci나 enterococci는 coliform group이나 fecal coliform MPN보다 훨씬 높았다. 3, 일반적으로 enterococci MPN은 대부분 1,000이상이었으며 fecal coliform MPN은 18이하였다. 3. 대장균군의 중앙치는 78이었으며 분변계연쇄상구균은 3,300이었고 일반생균수의 중앙처는 $9.9\times10^4$이었다. 4. 일반적으로 사람의 손과 접촉이 많은 제품은 다른 제품에 비하여 세균 오염도가 높았다. 5. 해조류의 세균 오염도는 어패류나 연체류에 비하여 매우 낮았다. 6, 각 위생지표 세균과 일반 생균수 사이에는 일정한 상관관계는 없었다. This study was conducted to evaluate the sanitary quality of sun dried sea foods being distributed in the markets located in Busan city. Twenty one kinds of sun dried sea foods, 9 kinds of fish and shellfish, 5 kinds of mollusca and 7 kinds of seaweed were examined during the Period from September to December in 1970. For the evaluation of sanitary contents of sanitary indicative bacteria such as coliform group, fecal coliform, fecal streptococci and enterococci, and plate counts were determined. The results obtained were as follows: 1. Through out all the samples examined, the numbers of fecal streptococci and enterocccci were much greater than those of coliform group and fecal coliform. 2. Generally, the contents of enterococci exceeded MPN of 1,000 per 100 grams through all samples examined, while fecal coliform MPN'S were less than 18. 3. The median value of coliform group MPN was 78 and those of fecal streptococci MPN was 3,300 per 100 grams, The median value of the plate counts was $9.9\times10^4$ per gram, 4. Bacterial densities of the foods which had many chances to come into contact with hands were much higher than those of other foods which had not. 5. The bacterial contamination rate of seaweed was much lower than those of fish and shellfish. 6. No correlation between the numbers of sanitary indicative bacteria and plate counts was observed.

불량식품에 대한 현명한 대처방안은 없을까?

장동석,Chang Dong-Suck 한국식품위생안전성학회 2006 Safe Food Vol.1 No.2

한국산 주요패류에 대한 독의 분포, 특성 및 제독에 관한 연구 3. 마비성패류독의 제독에 관하여

장동석,신일식,구효영,오은경,변재형,박영호,CHANG Dong-Suck,SHIN Il-Shik,GOO Hyo-Young,OH Eun-Gyung,PYUN Jae-Hyeung,PARK Young-Ho 한국수산과학회 1988 한국수산과학회지 Vol.21 No.5

마비성패류독으로 독화된 진주담치를 시료로 하여 축양 또는 가공방법에 따른 제독실험을 한 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1. 독화된 진주담치를 순환수조에서 축양하였을 때는 유의할 만한 제독효과는 나타나지 않았으나 유수수조에서 축양한 경우는 5일만에 약 $94\%$가 감소하였다. 2. PSP를 0.1N HCl 용액으로 유출하였을 때가 증류수로 추출하였을 때 보다 그 독성이 약 2-5배 높았다. 3. PSP가 $100\~150{\mu}g/100g$ 정도로 독화된 진주담치를 수도수에서 30분간 자숙하였을 때 그 독성은 동물실험결과 검출되지 않았다. 4. PSP가 $175{\mu}g/100g$ of digestive gland인 진주담치를 $116^{\circ}C$에서 65분간 가압살균하였을 때는 동물 실험결과 독성이 검출되지 않았으나 독소함양이 $9539{\mu}g/100g$ of digestive gland인 고독력의 진주담치는 같은 조건에서 가압살균하여도 $171{\mu}g$의 독력이 잔존하였다. We have veen already reported the distribution of PSP of bivalve mollusca in southern coast of Korea and also analyzed their characteristics. The purpose of this study was to develop detoxification method for PSP infested sea mussel, Mytilus edulis, by rearing methods or processing treatments. There was no significant detoxification effect when the PSP infested sea mussel was reared in a tank with water recirculation system, but the toxicity of sea mussel rapidly decreased during the rearing time in a water flow system with filtered water. The detoxification rate of PSP during the rearing for 5 days in a water flow system tank with $15-17^{\circ}C$ of sea water was $94\%$ in case of high toxic sample with more than $2,600{\mu}g/100g$ and about $40\%$ in case of low toxic sample with less than $100{\mu}g/100g$. The toxicity of PSP extracted from the sample with 0.1N/ HCl solution was about 2-5 times higher than that extracted with distilled water. When sea mussel contained $100-150{\mu}g-PSP$ per 100g of edible meat was boiled for 30 min with tap water, the toxicity was destroyed as the level of PSP undetected by mouse assay. We can suggest that boiling of sea mussel with tap water was one of the most significant detoxification methods, but it was not enough to be safe in case of extremely high intoxicated sea mussel with PSP. For example, the digestive gland of sea mussel contained more than $9593{\mu}g/100g$ was heated in a can with tap water at $116^{\circ}C$ for 65 min. the residual PSP was more than $170{\mu}g$.

기획특집 : 식품위해미생물 및 독소 ; 적조의 이해와 고찰

장동석 ( Dong Suck Chang ) 한국식품위생안전성학회 2006 Safe Food Vol.1 No.3

회원논단 : 불량식품에 대한 현명한 대처방안은 없을까?

장동석 ( Dong Suck Chang ) 한국식품위생안전성학회 2006 Safe Food Vol.1 No.2

알긴산 가수분해물을 이용한 어육연제품용 천연 식품보존료의 개발

장동석(Dong-Suck Chang),조학래(Hak-Rac Cho),이현숙(Hyun-Sook Lee),박미연(Mi-Yeon Park),임성미(Sung-Mee Lim) 한국식품과학회 1998 한국식품과학회지 Vol.30 No.4

병원성 비브리오균과 동물성 플랑크톤과의 관계에 관한 연구

장동석(Dong Suck CHANG),김창훈(Chang Hoong KIM),유홍식(Hong Sik YU),김신희(Shin Hee KIM),정은탁(Eun Tak JEONG),신일식(Il Shik SHIN) 한국수산과학회 1996 한국수산과학회지 Vol.29 No.5

An ecological study on pathogenic vibrios was done in the aquatic environments of southern coast of Korea during summer in 1995, to investigate the distribution and relationship between pathogenic vibrio and zooplankton. Furthermore, special emphasis was given to study on the effects of zooplankton existence on the wintering of Vibrio cholerae in the aquatic region in Korea. During the study period, pathogenic vibrios were isolated from the samples such as V. parahaemolyticus, V. vulnificus, V. mimicus, and V. cholerae non O1, but V. cholerae O1 was not detected in any sample submitted in this study. Adsorption ratio of V. parahaemolyticus onto zooplankton was higher than that of E. coli. The efficiency of adsorption was found to be on the concentration of NaCl and other ions found in sea water. For example, adsorption ratio of V parahaemolyticus were 75% at 5 ‰ of NaCl solution and 55% at same salinity of diluted sea water, but those were decreased as 20% and 7% at 15 ‰ salinity of NaCl solution and diluted sea water, respectively. In addition, survival period of pathogenic vibrio was extended in the presence of live copepods at 25℃, but zooplankton existence has no significant effect on the survival rate at 5℃ in closed microcosm and also microalgae and dead copepods do not affect on the survival of V. parahaemolyticus. According to these experimental results, zooplankton has positive effects on the growth and survival rate of pathogenic vibrios in sea water during the summer season, but copepods have no significant effects on the growth and survival rate of them in winter season in Korea. Finally, authors suggest that V. cholerae is not able to over winter with zooplankton in adjacent sea water in Korea.

[특집 : 월드컵과 아시안 게임에 대비한 식품의 안전성 확보] 수산식품의 안전성 확보를 위한 위생관리

장동석(Dong-Suck Chang) 한국식품영양과학회 2002 식품산업과 영양 Vol.7 No.1

득량만 해수의 세균학적 수질

장동석(Dong Suck Chang),정은탁(Eun Tak Jeong),유홍식(Hong Sik Yu),이은우(Eun Woo Lee),임성미(Sung Mee Lim) 한국수산과학회 1998 한국수산과학회지 Vol.31 No.1

A bacteriological study of sea water in Deukryang Bay was conducted to evaluate sanitary conditions of the bay and compliance of waters with the recommended bacteriological criteria for the designated area of shellfish cultivation. Sea water samples were collected at the established sampling stations(Fig. 1) from May 1995 to November 1996. During the study period, coliform group, fecal coliform, classification of coliform group with IMViC reactions and pathogenic vibrios were analyzed. Coliform group and fecal coliform MPN`s were ranged from <3.0-4,600/100㎖ and <30-1,100/100㎖, respectively. The bacteriological criteria of sea water in shellfish growing area should be less than 70 per 100㎖ of sea water for median value of coliform MPN, and below 10% of the samples which contain over than 230 for coliform MPN or over than 43 for fecal coliform MPN. Most of the waters from 26 sampling stations were complied water coliform criteria recommended for designated shellfish growing area. Then, the ratios of the samples with more than 230/100㎖ of coliform group MPN and more than 43/100㎖ of fecal coliform MPN were 7.4% and 8.5%, respectively. The bacterial density of the sea water was deeply affected by rainfall amount. For example, coliform bacterial counts of sea water after 48 hours from 93㎜ rainfall were 6-7 times higher than those of without rainfall. During the study period, infectious bacteria such as Vibrio cholerae, Salmonella sp. and Shigella sp. were not detected from the samples, but detection ratios of Vibrio parahaemolyticus and Vibrio vulnificus were 15-20% in summer months.