경남권역 지리산 둘레길 훼손 실태 분석

임홍근 ( Hong Geun Lim ),박재현 ( Jae Hyeon Park ) 한국산림과학회 2013 한국산림과학회지 Vol.102 No.2

This study was carried out to evaluate degradation status of forest trails by analysis of soil physical and chemical properties in Mt. Jiri area of Gyeongnam province. Soil texture was loam in the forest area and sandy loam in the forest trails. Soil bulk density was significantly higher (P<0.05) in the forest trails (1.15 g/cm3) than in the forest area (1.00 g/cm3). The rates of pore space were lower in the forest trails (56.6%) than in the forest area (62.4%). Soil moisture content was significantly different (P>0.05) between the forest trails (13.3%) and the forest area (11.3%) Soil strength was higher at 5 cm of soil depth than at 10 cm of soil depth. It indicates that soil compaction by visitors could be affected at 5 cm of soil depth. Soil strength over 30 cm of soil depth was not significantly different between the forest trails and the forest areas. The content of organic matter, total nitrogen, available phosphorus, and exchangeable cations were lower in the forest trails compared with the optimum content of forest soils because of soil erosion with increasing visitors. These results indicate that it needs a counterplan to protect forest trails from overcrowded visitors.

산림소유역에서 MUSLE 유출에너지인자 계수값의 적용성 평가

김재훈 ( Jae Hoon Kim ),최형태 ( Hyung Tae Choi ),임홍근 ( Hong Geun Lim ) 한국환경복원기술학회(구 한국환경복원녹화기술학회) 2015 한국환경복원기술학회지 Vol.18 No.6

This study was carried out to investigate coefficient and exponent of runoff energy in MUSLE for small forest watershed, Hwachoen watershed in Gangwon-do. For 15 rainfall events, runoff volume, peak discharge and sediment yield were measured and these data were used to calculate coefficient and exponent of runoff energy. The results of this study showed that LS·K·C·P factors of MUSLE were affected by slope steepness. The coefficient and exponent of runoff energy were validated with coefficient of efficiency of 0.92 and these values were suggested to 0.002 and 0.81 respectively. The comparison of the coefficients and exponents between Hwacheon and other forest watersheds showed that these values would reflect the effect of forest management within watershed.

지리산 숲길 경남권역 구간의 훼손 실태 평가

박재현 ( Jae Hyeon Park ),허근영 ( Keun Young Huh ),임홍근 ( Hong Geun Lim ) 한국임학회 2011 한국산림과학회지 Vol.100 No.3

이 연구는 경남지역을 중심으로 운영되고 있는 지리산 숲길의 토양물리성의 변화를 분석함으로써 지리산 숲길의 토양피해 저감을 위한 기초자료를 제공하기 위하여 수행하였다. 숲길 개설 1~3년 경과 후 단위m당 평균숲길침식량은 인월-금계 구간은 0.0015 m3, 동강-수철구간은 0.0018 m3, 수철-청암구간은 0.0027 m3이었으나 청암-악양구간은 침식이 발생하지 않은 것으로 분석되었다. 인위적 답압에 의한 영향이 높은 토양깊이 5 cm에서의 토양경도는 조사구간에서 토양깊이 10 cm에서보다 높게 나타나 이용자의 답압에 의한 숲길 영향은 현재까지 토양 5 cm 정도까 지 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 지리산 숲길은 2008년 개통 후 약 1~3년이 경과된 현재까지 이용되는 인월-금계, 동강-수철, 수철-청암구간의 경우 이용자의 답압에 의한 영향이 크다고 판단되는 토양깊이 0~7.5 cm에서의 평균공극률은 약 1.4~1.5배 낮아진 것으로 나타났다. 이와 같이 인월-금계, 동강-수철, 수철-청암, 청암-악양구간 모두 산림과 숲길이 토양용적밀도는 대조구인 산림지역보다 약 1.6~3.1배 높은 값을 나타내었는데, 이러한 이용객의 증가에 따른 영향은 토양에 지속적으로 영향을 미칠 것으로 사료되며, 이를 억지하기 위해서는 이용자의 과도한 집중화 및 분산을 유도할 수 있는 방법을 강구할 필요가 있다고 사료된다. As part of studies on the reduction of forest trails degradation caused by high users density, this study was carried out to investigate soil physical properties of forest trails of Gyeongnam Domain in Mt. Jiri, Southeast Korea. Since the forest were opened for leisure trailing in 2008, the average soil erosion amounts per a square meter on the forest trails were 0.0015 m3 from Inweol to Gumgeo, 0.0018 m3 from Dongang to Suchol, and 0.0027 m3 from Suchol to Chungam for 3 years. But, from Chungam to Agyang, the erosion was almost not occurred because it was recently opened. The soil hardness in 5 cm depth was significantly higher than in 10 cm depth. It indicates that intensive soil compaction by users has mainly affected in 5 cm soil depth until now on. In three forest trails compacted intensively, the porosity of 0-7.5 cm soil layer was down to 1.4-1.5 times compared to that in 2008. In additions, the bulk density was up to 1.6-3.1 times compared to the controls, which were not opened to users. As a result, the degradation caused by high users density would keep occurring on the three forest trails unless any counterplans are considered for the degradation reduction. At the moment, users distribution to other forest trails and long-term sabbatical years would be the most effective counterplans to keep from users gravitation on the three forest trails.

산청 웅석봉군립공원 내 활엽수림유역의 강수와 유출특성

김기대 ( Ki-dae Kim ),최형태 ( Hyung-tae Choi ),임홍근 ( Hong-geun Lim ),박재현 ( Jae-hyeon Park ) 한국임학회 2017 한국산림과학회지 Vol.106 No.1

본 연구에서는 경상남도 산청군 웅석봉군립공원 내 활엽수림유역을 대상으로 산악성 강수특성과 녹색댐 기능을 구명하기 위해 총 6년 동안(2011~2016년) 수문 모니터링을 실시하였다. 산지(시험유역)와 평지(산청 기상관측소)의 강수특성을 비교한 결과, 평지에 비해 산지에서 강수량이 많았으며, 산지에서 강수강도가 높은 것으로 볼 때 산악성 강수효과가 작용하는 것을 알 수 있었다. 또한 조사대상 기간(2011~2016년)은 평년(1981~2010)에 비해 강수량이 증가하였고, 계절적 강수분배 등이 변화한 것은 나타나 기후변화로 인해 산청지역의 강수환경도 변화한 것으로 나타났다. 한편, 유출률은 봄이 가장 높게 나타났고 겨울, 여름, 가을 순으로 나타났으며, 이는 산지적설과 융설의 영향으로 판단된다. 그리고 유출수량은 여름, 봄, 가을, 겨울 순으로 높았으며, 총 유출량은 10,143.8 ton·ha·yr^-1로 산정되었다. This study aimed to investigate orographic precipitation and green dam (water conservation function) characteristics in a deciduous forest watershed in the region of Mt. Ungseok, Sancheong, Gyeongnam, South Korea. The rainfall and runoff of the watershed were monitored for six years (2011~2016) at the weather station and at the weir of the watershed, respectively. During the study period, the rainfall in the watershed (mountainous area) was larger than that of the meteorological station (flat area) nearest to the watershed. Besides, compared to the normal year (1981~2010), the rainfall has increased and the seasonal distribution of rainfall of the mountainous area has changed. These changes might have been caused by climate change. The runoff ratio was highest in spring, followed by winter, summer and fall, whilst the runoff was highest in summer, followed by spring, fall and winter. This difference seems to be due to the melting of snow in dry spring and intensive rainfall in summer. The total runoff in the watershed was calculated as 10,143.8 ton·ha·yr^-1.

침엽수 인공림에서 강우사상 시 부유물질의 유출 농도 예측

남수연(Nam Soo youn),최형태(Choi Hyung Tae),임홍근(Lim Hong geun) 한국방재학회 2017 한국방재학회논문집 Vol.17 No.5

본 연구는 경기도 광릉시험림 내 국립산림과학원 산림수자원 유역시험지에 위치한 침엽수 인공림(면적: 2.0 ha)에서 발생되는 부유물질의 유출 농도를 예측하기 위해, 강우사상 시 부유물질의 유출 농도, 강우량, 유출량, 탁도를 분석하였다. 부유물질의 유출 농도는 초기세척효과로 유출량의 변화에 농도가 반응하기 때문에, 유출량의 증수기 및 감수기를 구분하여 분석하였다. 유출량의 증수기 및 감수기에 따른 부유물질의 유출 농도에 영향을 미치는 강우량, 유출량, 탁도의 상관관계를 분석함으로써, 부유물질의 유출 농도 예측에 적합한 인자를 결정할 수 있었다. 상관분석 결과를 이용하여 회귀방정식을 산출한 결과, 증수기는 (0.531×강우)+(2.740×유량)+(0.330×탁도)-1.645 (R²=0.874; p<0.01)이고, 감수기는 (-0.022×강우)+(1.275×탁도)-0.148 (R²=0.886; p<0.01)이었다. 탁도와 강우는 증수기와 감수기에서 모두 부유물질의 유출 농도와 높은 상관관계를 보였고, 이는 회귀방적식의 예측도를 높인 것으로 판단된다. 따라서 장기적으로 부유물질의 유출 농도를 측정하기 위해서는 자동채수기 보다는 탁도를 통한 방법을 고려한다면, 좀 더 효과적이고 지속적인 예측이 가능할 수 있을 것이다. We examined event suspended solid concentration by ISCO automated water samplers in a 2.0ha coniferous plantation forest, Gyeonggi-do, Korea. To estimate event suspended solid concentration, we used for turbidity data based on rising and falling limbs of the hydrograph. Correlation analysis was conducted by suspended solid concentration with rainfall, runoff, and turbidity. Based on the result of correlation analysis, regression analysis was statistically as (0.531×Rainfall)+(2.740×Runoff)+(0.330×Turbidity)-1.654 (R²=0.874; p<0.01) for the rising limb and (-0.022×Rainfall)+(1.275×Turbidity)-0.148 (R²=0.886; p<0.01) for the falling limb. Rainfall and turbidity in both rising and falling limbs positively correlated with suspended solid concentration, thus the equations could be elevated for estimating event suspended solid concentration. Therefore, turbidity method could be recommend better than automated water sample method for suspended solid concentration during long-term period.

산림소유역 유출수의 비강우일 비점오염물질 농도 변화 및 유출 특성 분석

유현주 ( Yoo Hyeon-ju ),최형태 ( Choi Hyung-tae ),김재훈 ( Kim Jae-hoon ),임홍근 ( Lim Hong-geun ),양현제 ( Yang Hyun-je ) 한국환경복원기술학회(구 한국환경복원녹화기술학회) 2020 한국환경복원기술학회지 Vol.23 No.6

This study was carried out to analyze the monthly runoff concentration on non rainfall days in order to prepare basic data to compare the runoff concentration on rainfall days in 7 forest watersheds in the Republic of Korea. Forest stream water has been collected through 15 times of sampling in each watershed and analyzed based on the changes in concentration of Biochemical Oxygen Demand(BOD), Chemical Oxygen Demand(COD), Total Organic Carbon(TOC), Total Nitrogen(TN), and Total Phosphorus(TP). The average concentration was 0.8 mg/L for BOD, 1.4 mg/L for COD, 0.8 mg/L for TOC, 1.85 mg/L for TN and 0.002 mg/L for TP during non rainfall days. Coniferous forested watersheds showed higher value of TN and TP concentration. Concentrations of BOD and TP in early March (p<0.01) were affected by melt water flow input in spring season. Significant differences (p<0.01) in concentrations were observed in BOD and TOC, indicating seasonal rainfall and vegetation growth impacts on forest stream quality. Concentration of TN and TP showed significant positive correlation, and weak negative correlation was found in the concentration of BOD and TOC. It is expected that result of forest stream water on non rainfall days could be basic information in managing non-point source from forest watersheds.

산림 소유역에서 강우-유출에 따른 부유토사 발생 특성 분석

김재훈 ( Jae Hoon Kim ),최형태 ( Hyung Tae Choi ),임홍근 ( Hong Geun Lim ) 한국환경과학회 2015 한국환경과학회지 Vol.24 No.12

This study was carried out to investigate the characteristics of suspended solid concentration in small forest watershed, Hwacheon, Gangwondo. For five rainfall events from July 2013 to August 2013, rainfall, discharge, and suspended solid load has been measured. The results showed that the fist flush effect was observed for suspended solid in each rainfall event, sediment rating curve was obtained with y=30.029x ^{1.573} at rising limb and y=12.902x ^{1.8827} at falling limb, and EMC (event mean concentration) of suspended solid was calculated to 9.4 mg/L. EMC was compared to the values from the watershed that has various land use types and EMC from forest watershed was much lower that from the crop, paddy or low covered forest watershed.