유색 잡음 환경하에서 Cumulant를 이용한 한국어 단모음 인식

이형근,양원영,조용수,Lee, Hyung-Gun,Yang, Won-Young,Cho, Yong-Soo 한국음향학회 1994 韓國音響學會誌 Vol.13 No.2

본 논문에서는 3차 Cumulant를 이용하여 음성의 특징벡타를 추출하고, 이것을 신경회로망의 입력으로 사용하는 음성 인식 방법을 제시한다. 3차 이상의 고차 cumulant를 이용하면 Gaussian 잡음과 음성 신호의 분리가 가능하며, 충분히 많은 데이타를 사용할 경우 음성 데이타를 AR 모델링한 계수값을 bias 없이 추출할 수 있다. 또한 기존의 2차 statistics를 이용한 특징 벡타 추출 방법과 비교할 때 잡음이 큰 경우에도 분산은 크지만 bias가 작아 보다 잡음에 강한 특징벡타를 추출할 수 있다. 한국어 단모음에 대한 모의실험을 통하여 유색 잡음 환경에서 SNR이 커질수록 3차 cumulant를 이용한 방법이 기존의 2차 statistics를 이용한 방법보다 높은 인식율을 나타냄을 보인다. This paper presents a speech recognition method utilizing third-order cumulants as a feature vector and a neural network for recognition. The use of higher-order cumulants provides desirable uncoupling between the gaussian noise and speech, which enables us to estimate the coefficients of AR model without bias. Unlike the conventional method using second-order statistics, the proposed one exhibits low bias even in SNR as low as 0 dB at the expense of higher variance. It is confirmed through computer simulation that recognition rate of korean single-vowels with the cumulant-based method is much higher than the results with the conventional method even in low SNR.

토끼에서 NO합성억제제 투여에 의한 자간전증의 유발과 고용량의 L-arginine투여에 의한 역전실험

이형근(Hyung Gun Lee),이종건(Jong Kun Lee),유영옥(Young Ok Lew),정대영(Dae Young Chung),박동춘(Dong Choon Park),김재훈(Jae Hoon Kim),신종철(Jong Chul Shin),김대훈(Dae Hoon Kim),김수평(Soo Pyung Kim) 대한산부인과학회 1999 Obstetrics & Gynecology Science Vol.42 No.12

연구배경: 자궁태반 허혈증이 임신성 고혈압의 발병기전이라는 가설하에 실험동물에서 대동맥 또는 자궁동맥을 부분결찰 하는 방법으로 태반허혈증을 일으켜 임신성고혈압을 유발하는 실험이 과거에 널리 행해졌으나, 최근에는 혈관내피 기능장애설을 근거로 하여 혈관 내피세포 에서 Nitric Oxide(NO)합성을 저해하는 NO합성억제제를 이용하여 동물에서 임신성고혈압을 발병시켜 실험모델로 만들려는 시도가 있다. 연구목적: 토끼에서 arginine유사체인 L-nitro-arginine methyl ester(L-NAME)을 이용하여 NO합성을 억제함으로써 자간전증 증후군의 실험동물 모델을 만들 수 있는지를 알아보고 다시 고용량의 arginine투여가 이 증후군을 역전시킬수 있는지를 알아보기 위하여 실험에 착수하였다. 방법 및 재료: 재태기간 22 일부터 임신중인 토끼 10마리에 L-NAME 400mg을 7일동안 매일 피하주사하였다(실험 제 1군). 다른군 10마리 에서는 L-NAME 투여 30분 후에 체중 kg당 100mg의 L-arginine은 정맥주사 하였다(실험 제2군). 동일한 재태일의 토끼에 같은 용적의 생리식염수를 피하주사하여 대조군으로 하였다. 혈압측정은 대퇴동맥을 혈관절개하여 22 번 혈관침을 삽입 한 후 눈금혈압계에 도관을 연결하여 식염수로 0점을 맟춘후 동맥혈압을 측정하였다. 혈액 채취는 토끼의 귀정맥에서 하였고 뇨 채취는 넬라톤카테터를 이용하였다. 약물투여 7일후에 새끼를 분만 시켰고 분만 즉시 어미토끼의 폐, 간, 신장, 태반을 적출하여 포르말린액에 고정하였고 신장은 전자현미경고정액으로 고정하였다. 결과: 평균동맥압은 실험제1군에서 대조군에 비하여 유의있게 높았으나(P<0.05), 실험 제2군에서는 대조군에 비해서 의의있는 차이는 없었다. 단백뇨, BUN, 크레아티닌, 간효소치, LDH값, 혈소판수치는 실험제1군에서 대조군에 비하여 유의있게 높았으며(P<0.05), 실험 제2군에서는 대조군에 비해서 의의있는 차이를 보이지않았다. 반면, 뇨산값은 실험제1군과 실험제2군에서 모두 대조군에비하여 의의있는 차이를 보이지 않았다. 조직검사 소견에서는 광학현미경소견상, 실험군의 폐, 간, 신장, 태반에서는 특이한 소견을 보였으며, 신장의 전자현미경소견에서는 실험제1군에서도 사구체의 미세구조가 비교적 잘 보존되었다. 신장의 간질은 간질기질의 증식으로 넓어져 있었다. 그리고 경증의 족양돌기소실이 보였으며 근위뇨세관 세포질내 전자밀도수초모양의 구조물을 포함하고 있는 것이 관찰되었다. 결론: 장기간의 L-arginine유사체(L-NAME)의 투여는 임신토끼에서 자간전증과 유사한 임상양상과 장기의 조직병리소견을 유발하였으며 고용량의 L-arginine의 동시 투여는 이와 같은 변화를 역전시켰다. Objectives: To learn which inhibition of nitric oxide synthase with L-nitro arginine methylester(L-NAME) induces a preeclampsia-like syndrome in pregnant rabbits and high dose of L-arginine reverse the adverse changes induced by nitric oxide synthesis inhibition in pregnant rabbits. Material and Method: Twenty Newzealand rabbits with 22-days of gestation were injected subcutaneously with 400mg of L-NAME for 7days and 100mg/kg L-arginine was also given intravenously 10 of 20 L-NAME injected pregnant rabbits. They are compared with the control group in which same volume of saline was subcutaneously injected to 5 rabbits with same condition. They were anesthesized by ketamine 50 mg/kg and roupum 2 mg/kg intramuscularly. Cutdown of femoral artery was performed and 22 gauge angioneedle was inserted. On manometer,three way catheter was connected, zeroed with saline, and blood pressure was read. Blood samples were taken from the vein of ear and checked for count of blood cells and bood chemistry (BUN/Cr, GOT/GPT, LDH, Uric acid). Urine protein was measured with nelaton catheterized urine. We injected drugs for 7 days begining on 22 days after mating and performed cesarian section to deliver fetus. To observe their effects on organs, lung, liver, placenta and kidney were taken and fixed with formalin. The sliced kidney tissue in thickness of 1 mm, was fixed with glutaraldehyde for electron microscopy and stored at 4℃. Special staining was done for closed observation of pattern changes. For statistical analysis, mean±SEM was used. The control and experimental groups were compared by unpaired t-test and the differences were significant if probability level is less than 0.05(<0.05). Result: Mean blood pressure(MAP) in the experimental group I was significantly high compared to the control group(P<0.05). There was no significant differences in MAP between experimental group II and control group. Urine Protein, BUN, Cr, GOT/GPT, LDH, platelet count in the experimental group I was significantly high(P<0.05) compared to the control group. There was no significant difference between experimental group II and control group. In light microscopic examination, lung, liver, kidney, placenta showed specific finding in experimental group I. Misconstructive of glomerulus in the experimental kidney was well preserved under EM examination. Interstitium of kidney was widened by increase of mesangial matrix. Mild effacement of foot process and cytoplasm of proximal tubule containing electron dense myelin figure like structure were observed. Conclusion: Long term injection of L-arginine analogue produced preeclampsia like syndrome and pathologic changes of organ system in pregnant rabbits. Concurrent high dose of L-arginine reversed such chages.

쌍별귀뚜라미, Gryllus bimaculatus (Orthoptera: Gryllidae)의 사육밀도가 섭식량, 성충사망률 및 부화 약충수에 미치는 영향

박영규 ( Young Kyu Park ),이형근 ( Hyung Gun Lee ),최영철 ( Young Cheol Choi ) 한국잠사학회 2013 한국잠사곤충학회지 Vol.51 No.2

The aim of the present study is to investigate food consumption, hatching periods, adult mortality, the mean number of hatchlings and ovipositional trend of Gryllus bimaculatus De Geer. The rearing and experiments were conducted in the rearing room (28 ± 2oC, 60 ± 10%RH). As the adult rearing density increased from 50 to 400, it did not affect the average daily food consumption of adult crickets which was 0.067 ± 0.008 g a day. However, the daily radish consumption decreased from 0.128 to 0.068 g per day. 95.8% of eggs hatched by the sixth day after the beginning of hatching. The average mortality of the adults gradually increased, and reached 93.9% by the 8th week. Total number of hatchlings per female was 172.2 ± 10.6 (mean ± SD) in 200 females rearing cages, which was noticeably less than 248.8 ± 17.8 (mean ± = SD) in 100 females rearing cages. Sex ratio of the crickets given in the rearing cages did not affect both the number of hatchlings and ovipositon rate. Oviposition rate periodically fluctuated as progressed, and it reached 81.5% of the total oviposition by the 3rd week since the beginning of ovipoisiton.

자궁경부의 Adenoid basal carcinoma 1례

박동춘(Dong Choon Park),김재훈(Jae Hoon Kim),이형근(Hyung Gun Lee),정대영(Dae Young Chung),김진우(Jin Woo Kim),유영옥(Young Ok Lew),김대훈(Dae Hoon Kim),남궁성은(Sung Eun NamKoong) 대한산부인과학회 1999 Obstetrics & Gynecology Science Vol.42 No.8

We report a rare case of adenoid basal carcinoma in uterine cervix. The patient was a 43-year-old Korean female. She received neoadjuvant chemotherapy with Quick Cis-VP16 (cisplatin and VP16 with 7-10 days interval), three times and radical hysterectomy with pelvic lymph nodes dissection under the diagnosis of cervical cancer stage IIa. After the neoadjuvant chemotherapy, the mass size was 3 x 2.5 Cm and which was protruded in exocervical region. Microscopically, scattered small nests of uniformed small cells with dark nuclei and scant cytoplasm were observed. Peripheral palisading as well as the formation of gland-like or acinar structures were noted. There were also foci of squamous differentiation in same portion of the small nests. The epithelial surface in other portions showed squamous cell carcinoma, large cell non-keratinizing cell type. Distribution between adenoid basal carcinoma of the cervix and other disease, such as adenoid cystic carcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma with basaloid features, is important for clinical management because the clinical behavior of adenoid basal carcinoma is less malignant than adenoid cystic carcinoma.

이하선에 재발한 악성 혼합 종양 1례

도남용(Nam Yong Doh),문문만(Mun Mahn Moon),이형근(Hyung Gun Lee),김용기(Yung Ki Kim) 대한두경부종양학회 1990 대한두경부 종양학회지 Vol.6 No.2

Malignant mixed tumor of the parotid gland account for a very small number of the head and neck malignancies. Authors had experienced the recurrent malignant mixed tumor on 70 years old female patient. The first surgical removal was done before the 5years ago and at that time, histological diagnosis was the malignant mixed tumor. We had done the second operation, and histopathological diagnosis was malignant mixed tumor.

배양된 제대정맥내피세포에서 중증자간전증환자 혈청이 내피세포 생육 및 Endothelin-1합성에 미치는 영향

김용욱(Yong Yook Kim),나욱렬(Wook Yull Na),이종건(Jong Kun Lee),이영(Young Lee),백은정(Eun Jeong Baik),나종구(Jong Gu Rha),김사진(Sa Jin Kim),이형근(Hyung Gun Lee),신종철(Jong Chul Shin),김수평(Soo Pyung Kim) 대한산부인과학회 2000 Obstetrics & Gynecology Science Vol.43 No.7

목적 : 중증자간전증 환자의 혈청이 배양된 제대정맥 내피세포의 생육과 endothelin-1의 합성에 미치는 영향을 알아보고자 하였다. 연구방법 : 합병증이 없이 분만한 정상 임산부로 부터 제대정맥 혈관 내피세포를 얻어 정상임신부의 혈청 또는 중증 자간전증 환자의 혈청과 함께 생체외 배양을 하여, 비색 MTT법으로 제대정맥 혈관내피 세포의 생육에 대한검사, endothelin-1의 합성에 미치는 영향을 조사하였고, 동시에 정상임신부 및 자간전증 환자 혈장내의 endothelin-1의 농도를 측정하였다. 결과 : 1. 비색 MTT 측정에서 환자 또는 정상 산모의 혈청과 24시간 동안 배양시킨 배양액의 흡광도는 각각 0.0837±0.0129와 0.0718±0.0078로 두군간에 유의한 차이가 없었으며, 48시간 동안 배양시킨 실험에서 흡광도는 0.1268±0.0186과 0.1133±0.0103으로 두군간에 유의한 차이가 없었다. 2. 정상임신부의 혈청내 endothelin-1의 농도는 22.66±8.6 fmol/ml, 중증자간전증 환자의 혈청내 endothelin-1의 농도는 49.98±25.27 fmol/ml로 중증자간전증 환자에서 유의하게 높았다.(P<0.05) 3. 정상임신부의 형청을 가한 경우 endothelin-1의 함성량은 37.52±18.41 fmol/ml이며 중증자간전증 환자 혈청을 가한 경우는 97.58±53.64 fmol/ml 로 중증자간전증 환자의 혈청은 endothelin-1의 함성을 유의하게 증가시켰다.(P<0.05) 결론 : 자간전증 환자의 혈청은 혈관내피세포의 생육에는 별로 영향을 미치지 않았으며 선택적으로, 특이하게 내피세포기능중 Endothelin-1의 합성을 현저히 증가시켰다. Objectives: In order to assess the effects of sera from severe preeclamptic patients on endothelial cell viability in vitro and endothelin-1 synthesis in cultured human umbilical vein endothelial cells.Methods: The cultured human umbilical vein endothelial cells were incubated with media containing 10% sera from women with either preeclamptic patients or normal pregnancies for 24 hours or 48 hours. After then, their viability was measured by colorimetric MTT{3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2yl)2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide} assay and their production of endothelin-1 was measured. We also measured the serum levels of endothelin-1 level in sera obtained from the normal and severe preeclamptic pregnancies. Results: The calorimetric MTT assay revealed that after 24 hours, the absorbances in the media treated with normal pregnancies and severe preeclampsia sera were 0.0718±0.0078 and 0.0837±0.0129, respectively and after 48 hours, they were 0.1133±0.0103 and 0.1268±0.0186, respectively. Serum obtained from severe preeclampsia did not affect endothelial cell viability. 2. The serum mean levels of endothelin-1 in normal and severe preeclamptic pregnancies were 22.66±8.6 fmol/ml and 48.98±25.27 fmol/ml. The mean level in preeclamptic sera was significantly higher than that of normal pregnant women. (P<0.05) 3. After 24 hours, the mean amount of endothelin-1 stimulated by normal pregnant and severe preeclamptic sera were 37.52±18.41 fmol/ml and 97.58±53.64 fmol/ml, respectively. The mean amount of endothelin-1 in preeclamptic sera-treated cells was significantly higher than that of normal pregnant sera-treated cells. (P<0.05). Conclusion: The sera from severe preeclamptic women do not affect cell viability but act selectively on specific activation of their function such as endothelin-1 production. And it is necessary that the identification and isolation of the putative serum factor(s) will be performed to resolve the pathogenesis in future.

고 위험 임신에서 태아 제대 적혈구 조혈 인자

김석원(Seock Won Kim),김사진(Sa Jin Kim),이귀세라(Gui Se Ra Lee),권인(In Kwun),이재동(Jae Dong Lee),이형근(Hyung Gun Lee),박정희(Jung Hui Park),진기홍(Gi Hong Jin),신종철(Jong Chul Shin),김수평(Su Pyung Kim) 대한산부인과학회 2000 Obstetrics & Gynecology Science Vol.43 No.6

목적 : 고위험 임신 산모에서 제대 동맥혈 검사값과 적혈구 조혈 인자의 연관성을 알아보기 위하여. 방법 : 1998년 12월부터 1999년 12월 까지 가톨릭 대학교 성가병원에 내원하여 제왕 절개술을 시행한 88명에서 제대 동맥혈검사 값과 방사 면역 측정으로 얻은 적혈구 조혈 인자를 검사한 정상 대조군 39예(쌍태아 12예), 45예의 고 위험 임신, 미 분류 4예를 대상으로 하였고, 통계학적 분석은 단측 t-검정과 회귀분석을 시행하였으며 p 값이 0.05 미만일 때 통계학적으로 유의한 것으로 하였다. 결과 : 제대 동맥의 산도와 적혈구 조혈인자는 통계학적으로 의의 있는 역 상호 관계를 보여 주었으며, 임신성 당뇨와 자궁내 태아 발육 부전 군에서 정상 군 보다 의의 있는 적혈구 조혈인자의 증가를 보여 주었으나 태아 긴박증이나, 전자간증에서는 증가된 양상을 보였으나 통계학 적인 의의는 없었다. 결론 : 증가된 제대 동맥의 epo 농도는 태아의 저 산소증과 연관성이 있으며, 자궁내 태아 발육 부전과 임신성 당뇨에서 epo의 의의 있는 증가는 만성 저산소증에 대한 임상적 지표의 가능성을 보여 주었다. Objective: To investigate the relationship between umbilical plasma erythropoietin(epo) concentrations and umbilical cord pH in high risk pregnancies. Methods: We measured epo concentrations and gas in 103 cases of cord blood obtained from 88 cesarean section (15 of twin) composed of 39 cases of normal control (12 of normal twins), 45 cases of high risk pregnancies and 4 cases of unclassified group using an RIA kit from december,1998 to December, 1999. Statistical analysis was performed using the student's t test and regression analysis. P values less than 0.05 were considered statistically significant Results: Umbilcal plasma epo concentrations revealed significant inverse correlation (P<0.05) with umbilical acidosis and cord blood epo levels, and it were significantly higher in GDM and IUGR than normal pregnancies (control: 1.60 1.15, n=39 versus GDM: 7.78 7.18, n=11 versus IUGR: 64.77 90.57 n=10, p<0.05), but 11 cases of fetal distress and 13 cases of preeclampsia did not differ significantly from umbilical plasma epo of normal control. Conclusions: Elevated epo concentrations in cord blood indicate fetal hypoxia and It is significantly increased in IUGR and GDM, these findings show that cord blood epo may serve as a clinically useful marker for chronic fetal hypoxia.

화강암의 풍화에 미치는 염분과 산성용액의 영향

손병현(Byung Hyun Shon),정종현(Jong Hyeon Jung),김현규(Hyun Gyu Kim),유정근(Jeong Gun Yoo),이형근(Hyung Kun Lee) 大韓環境工學會 2005 대한환경공학회지 Vol.27 No.1

임신오조증으로 발생한 Wernicke`s Encephalopathy 1 예

김수평(Soo Pyung Kim),유영옥(Young Oak Lew),김대훈(Dae Hoon Kim),양용재(Yong Jae Yang),이형근(Hyung Gun Lee),임채춘(Chae Chun Rhim),나순숙(Soon Sook Nah),박동춘(Dong Chun Park),정대영(Dae Young Jeong),김재훈(Jae Hoon Kim) 대한산부인과학회 1999 Obstetrics & Gynecology Science Vol.42 No.1

Hyperemesis gravidarum is a complication defined as nausea and vomiting during early pregnancy. Wernickes encephalopathy is an illness of acute onset characterized by mental disturbance, paralysis of eye movements, and ataxia of gait cause by thiamine deficiency. We recently experienced a case of Wernickes encephalopalhy due to hyperemesis gravidarum, which is treated by administration of thiamine even though outcome of serious healthy problem to both mother and fetus, and reported it with a brief review of the literature.

난소에서 기원한 원발성 악성 림프종 1 예

김기홍(Ki Hong Kim),서상용(Sang Yong Seo),김재훈(Jae Hoon Kim),양용재(Yong Jae Yang),박동춘(Dong Choon Park),이형근(Hyung Gun Lee),정대영(Dae Young Chung),장은덕(Eun Deok Chang),유영옥(Young Ok Lew),김대훈(Dae Hoon Kim),남궁성은(Sung 대한산부인과학회 1999 Obstetrics & Gynecology Science Vol.42 No.9

A 41-year-old woman was operated under the impression of ovarian malignancy. The ovarian mass was diagnosed as a non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, diffuse large cell type of B lineage pathologically. Because regional lymph nodes and bone marrow were not involved and Ga67 whole body bone scan was normal, we suspected that ovary was a primary site of lymphoma. After six cycles of CHOP (cyclophosphamide, adriamycin, vincristine, prednisone) chemotherapy, complete remission status was maintained for 16 months. We report a case of primary ovarian lymphoma with a review of literatures.