생태주의적 문학교육을 위한 지향

이재형(Lee, Jae?Hyoung) 한국비평문학회 2012 批評文學 Vol.- No.46

지금까지의 생태주의적 문학교육, 또는 생태주의적 국어교육은 제재(작품)의 내용적 차원에서 주로 접근되거나, 반대로 교수학습 및 평가적 차원에서 주로 논의되고 전개되어 온 것이 사실이다. 하지만 생태주의적 문학교육, 생태주의적 국어교육이 맞닥뜨려야 하는 진정한 모순은 이 사회를 관통하고 있는 극단적 자본의 논리, 경쟁의 논리, 그리고 이를 현실적으로 재생산하고 있는 교육 체제에 있다. 생태주의적 입장에서 보았을 때, 이러한 거시적인 문제 자체를 언급하지 않는 생태주의 교육은 필연적인 한계를 노출하거나, 오히려 환경주의를 지지하는 입장으로 선회 할 수 있다. 따라서 이 연구에서는 먼저 생태주의의 몇 가지 흐름을 검토하며 생태학과 생태주의의 개념을 구분해 보았다. 이를 바탕으로 하여 생태학은 생태주의적 관점으로 심화되어야 보다 근본적인 교육 문제를 짚어낼 수 있다고 보았다. 따라서 문학교육, 또는 국어교육의 생태학적 실천은 생태주의적 관점이 함의하는 거시성을 노둣돌로 놓았을 때 유의미한 기획으로 정당화될 수 있다고 본다. 이러한 관점에서 이 연구에서는 생태주의적 문학교육, 더 나아가 생태주의적 국어교육을 위한 몇 가지의 전망을 자연적 자유의 회복, 학습 지역주의의 구성, 비판적 문식성의 실천에서 찾아 보았다. 이러한 전망 속에 문학교육과 국어교육이 위치할 때, 의미 있는 국어교육을 위한 거시적 시선과 미시적 실천이 한 자리에 놓일 수 있다고 보았다. Ecological literature and Korean language education have been come at content?centered point of view, and mainly discussed in teaching?learning or assessment dimension. Genuine contradictions they should be faced with are the extreme logic of capitalism, that of competition, and education system that is reproducing aforementioned two things, penetrating through our society. As for the ecological point of view, if these macroscopic issues are not stated, obvious limits ecological education have had will be exposed. Therefore, I, in this paper, examine thoroughly some ecological streams and classify concepts of ecology and ecologism. By doing do, I think ecology should be intensified to be able to pinpoint more essential problems with education. This paper, in this sense, finds several prospects from the recovery in natural freedom, the setup of learning regionalism, and critical literacy for ecological literature education and, by extension, for ecological Korean language education. I anticipate the macroscopic point of view and microscopic practice will put themselves together if literature and Korean language education are located in these prospects.

SMC 압축성형공정에서의 열변형에 관한 유한요소해석

이재형,이응식,윤성기,Lee, Jae-Hyoung,Lee, Eung-Shik,Youn, Sung-Kie 대한기계학회 1997 大韓機械學會論文集A Vol.21 No.1

Thermally-induced deformation in SMC(Sheet Molding Compound) products is analyzed using three dimensional finite element method. Planar fiber orientation, which causes the anisotropic material properties, is calculated through the flow analysis during the compression stage of the mold. Also curing process is analyzed to predict temperature profile which has significant effects on warpage of SMC products. Through the developed procedure, effects of various process conditions such as charge location, mold temperature, fiber contents, and fiber orientations on deformation of final products are studied. and processing strategies are proposed to reduce the warpage and the shrinkage.

산지성호우의 환상스팩트럼 추정

이재형,선우중홍,김민환,심명필,Lee, Jae Hyoung,Sonu, Jung Ho,Kim, Min Hwan,Shim, Myung Pil 대한토목학회 1990 대한토목학회논문집 Vol.10 No.4

산악의 영향을 받는 지역에서 비정상성 평균을 사용하는 G.C.모델에 의하여 총강우량의 우량곡면을 구성하였다. 구성된 우량곡면에 2차원 프리에 해석을 실시하여 강우의 주기성분을 분리하였다. 강우의 지엽성분, 즉 강우잔차는 우량곡면에서 주기성분을 제거하여 얻은 강우잔차를 균일한 무작위장의 표본함수라고 가정해서 이 무작위장의 특성을 자기상관함수로 나타냈다. 자기상관함수를 변환하여 스팩트럼 밀도를 구했고, 이 결과를 토대로 한강, 금강유역의 환상스팩트럼 분포함수의 모델을 제안했다. Rainfall is a phenomenon that shows a high variability both in space and time, Hy drologists are usually interested in the description of spatial distribution of rainfall over watershed. The theory of Kriging, generalized covariance technique using nonstationary mean in the regions under orographic effect, was chosen to construct random surface of total storm depth. For the constructed random surface, the double Fourier analysis of the total storm depths was performed, and the principal harmonics of storm were determined. The local component, or storm residuals was obtained by subtracting the periodic component of the storm from total storm depths. It is assumed that the residuals are a sample function of a homogeneous random field. This random field can be characterized by an isotropic one dimensional autocorrelation function or its corresponding spectral density function. Under this assumption, this study proposed a theorectical model for spectral density function adapted to two watersheds.

Laguerre Polynomial을 이용한 저수지군의 최적제어

이재형,김민환,Lee, Jae Hyoung,Kim, Min Hwan 대한토목학회 1991 대한토목학회논문집 Vol.11 No.4

저수지군을 최적으로 운영하려고 할때 일반적으로 동적계획법을 이용하는데 저수지 수의 증가와 변수의 이산화에 따라 계산 용량이 지수적으로 팽창하는 결점을 내포하고 있다. 이 문제를 해결하기 위해서 본 논문에서는 저수지 시스템 변수가 LP(Laguerre Polynomial)로 표현된 새로운 모형 개발을 시도하였다. 새로운 계획모형은 QP(Quadratic Programming) 형태이다. 이 모형의 해는 확장 라그란지안 곱수 방법(Augmented Lagrangian Multiplier Method)의 비선형계획법에 의해서 QP해를 구하였다. 그 결과 저수 수준은 기존의 결과보다 높게 유지하려는 경향을 보였으며, 평가된 편익 값은 다른 방법들과 비슷한 값이었다. Traditionally, a dynamic programming(DP) technique has been used to the multireservoir control system. The algorithm has inherent problem to increase computational requirements exponentially due to discretization of variables and expanding the dimension of the system. To solve this problem, this paper describes transforming the optimal control system into a quadratic programming(QP), using Laguerre polynomials(LP) and its properties. The objective function of the proposed QP is independent of time variable. The solution of the QP is obtained by nonlinear programming(NLP) using augmented Lagrangian multiplier method. The numerical experiment shows that the water level of reservoirs is higher than Lee's and the evaluated benefit value is about the same as other researcher's.

기상 자료 미계측 지점의 강우 예보 모형

이재형,전일권,Lee, Jae Hyoung,Jeon, Ir Kweon 대한토목학회 1994 대한토목학회논문집 Vol.14 No.2

The rainfall forecasting model of the short term is improved at the point where meterological data is not gaged. In this study, the adopted model is based on the assumptions for simulation model of rainfall process, meteorological homogeneousness, prediction and estimation of meteorological data. A Kalman Filter technique is used for rainfall forecasting. In the existing models, the equation of the model is non-linear type with regard to rainfall rate, because hydrometer size distribution (HSD) depends on rainfall intensity. The equation is linearized about rainfall rate as HSD is formulated by the function of the water storage in the cloud. And meteorological input variables are predicted by emprical model. It is applied to the storm events over Taech'ong Dam area. The results show that root mean square error between the forecasted and the observed rainfall intensity is varing from 0.3 to 1.01 mm/hr. It is suggested that the assumptions of this study be reasonable and our model is useful for the short term rainfall forecasting at the ungaged point of the meteorological data. 기상 자료 미계측 지점의 단기 강우 예보 모형을 개발하였다. 본 연구 모형은 강우 모의 모형, 기상학적 동질성, 그리고 기상 변수 예측 및 추정에 관한 몇 가지 가정을 전제로 하였으며 강우의 예보에는 칼만 필터 기법을 사용하였다. 기존 모형의 방정식은 수운적 크기 분포(HSD)가 강우 강도에 종속이므로 강우량에 대하여 비선형이다. 본 연구 모형의 방정식은 HSD를 구름층 저류량의 함수로 구성함으로써 강우량에 대하여 비선형이다. 본 연구 모형의 방정식은 HSD를 구름층 저류량의 함수로 구성함으로써 강우량에 대하여 선형화되었다. 또한 기상 입력 변수는 경험 모형에 의하여 예측되었다. 본 연구 모형을 대청댐 유형의 호우 사상에 적용하였다. 그 결과 예보 및 실측 강우 강도간의 평균 자승 오차는 0.30~1.01 mm/hr이었다. 이 결과로 미루어 볼 때, 본 연구 모형에 수반된 가정은 합리적이며 본 연구 모형은 기상 자료 미계측 지점에서 강우를 단기 예보하는데 유용하다고 판단된다.

직선 편광 근적외선 조사가 건강인의 실험적 통증역치에 미치는 영향

이재형,송인영,최은영,Lee, Jae-Hyoung,Song, In-Young,Choi, Eun-Young 대한물리치료과학회 1995 대한물리치료과학회지 Vol.2 No.4

편광 근적외선 조사가 실험적 통증역치에 영향을 미치는지를 규명하기 위해서 건강한 성인의 합곡혈에 여러 단계의 출력량으로 편광 근적외선을 30초간 조사하고 시간 경과에 따라 실험적 통증역치를 측정하여 분석하였다. 실험 결과 출력량 0 %인 대조군과 10 % 및 20 %의 출력량에서는 실험적 통증역치의 유의한 변화가 없었다. 그러나 출력량 40 %군의 실험적 통증역치는 편광 근적외선 조사전 $3.85{\pm}0.51mA$에서 조사 직후 $4.77{\pm}0.87mA$, 조사 후 30분 $5.57{\pm}0.98mA$, 조사 후 1시간 $5.68{\pm}1.06mA$, 조사 후 2시간 $5.34{\pm}0.96mA$로 증가되었고, 출력량 80 %군에서도 실험적 통증역치가 조사전 $3.87{\pm}0.92mA$에서 조사 직후 $4.45{\pm}0.62mA$, 조사 후 30분 $4.91{\pm}0.51mA$, 조사 후 1시간 $4.93{\pm}0.62mA$, 조사 후 2시간 $5.55{\pm}1.11mA$로 증가하였다. 실험적 통증역치는 편광 근적외선 조사 직후부터 2시간까지 유의하게 증가하였다. 40 % 출력량과 80 % 출력량의 실험적 통증역치는 유의한 차이가 없었고, 출력량과 시간의 상호작용효과는 없었다. 건강인의 실험적 통증역치를 대상으로 한 본 연구 결과를 통증이 있는 환자에게 직접 적용하기는 어렵다고 생각하며 앞으로 환자를 대상으로한 연구가 수행되기를 기대한다. The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of linear polarized near-infrared ray radiation on experimental pain threshold in healthy adult subjects. Thirty healthy adult subjects were divided into 5 groups: 1) group 1, super lizer radiation at 0 % ; 2) group 2, super lizer radiation at 10 % ; 3) group 3, super lizer radiation at 20 % ; 4) group 4, super lizer radiation at 40 % ; 5) group 5, super lizer radiation at 80 %. The polarized near-infrared ray radiation was applied on LI 4 point of subject's right hand at a fixed time for 30 second. Experimental pain threshold were measured with electrical current on the right hand at 5 intervals for each radiation: 1) pretreat; 2) posttreat ; 3) posttreat of 1/2 hr ; 4) posttreat of 1 hr ; and 5) posttreat of 2 hrs. Data were analyzed using analyses of variance with repeated measures for pain threshold. No significant interaction between power output and time for pain threshold was found. Significant effects of power output and time for experimental pain threshold were found. Significant increase was noted in experimental pain threshold in group 4 and group 5 at posttreat, posttreat of 1/2, 1 hr and 2 hrs as a result of the applications of the polarized near-infrared ray radiation. This study indicate that polarized near-infrared ray radiation with above 40 % of power output increases pain threshold, thus possibly increasing options in choosing radiation output for treating pateint with pain. Further study is needed to compare the effects of these radiation in patients with clinical pain.

전극배치가 Procaine 이온도입에 미치는 영향

이재형,송인영,국지연,Lee, Jae-Hyoung,Song, In-Young,Kook, Jee-Youn 대한물리치료과학회 1997 대한물리치료과학회지 Vol.4 No.2

The purpose of this study was to determine the efficacy of electrode placement on procaine iontophoresis. Thirty-three healthy students with an age range of 19 to 34 years, were participated in this study. The subjects were randomly assigned into 3 groups. Each subjects received iontophoresis on the proximal 1/3 of volar surface of dominant forearm with soft cotton pad($3.5{\times}3.5cm$) soaked in 2 ml of 4% procaine hydrochloride (pH 5.1) at 4 mA for 10 minutes(total current 40 mA min) of anodal DC. In transversal electrode placement(TEP) group, dispersive electrode was placed on the proximal 1/3 of dorsal surface of the forearm. In longitudinal electrode placement (LEP) group and control group, dispersive electrode were placed on the distal 1/3 of volar surface of the forearm. After procaine iontophoresis, duration of anesthesia were evaluated at five minutes intervals on five random locations in the iontophoretically area using a 21-gauge sterile hypodermic needle pressed with 1 mm invagination until return the sharp pin-pricking pain sensation. The data were ana lysed with one-way ANOVA to determine signific~nt differences between groups. The results showed significantly differences in the local anesthetic duration between the 3 groups(p<0.001). The anesthetic durations of TEP group and LEP group were significantly longer when compared with control group(p<0.05). Anesthetic durations of TEP group and LEP group were not significantly difference, but anesthetic duration of LEP group tends to longer than TEP group. In view of these results, clinicians should consider the electrode placement method when performing the iontophoresis.

슈퍼듀플렉스 스테인리스강의 TIG 용접에서 질소 침투 모델에 관한 연구

이재형,정병호,조상명,전재호,Lee, Jae-Hyoung,Jung, Byong-Ho,Cho, Sang-Myung,Jun, Jae-Ho 대한용접접합학회 2015 대한용접·접합학회지 Vol.33 No.3

Superduplex stainless steels are important materials to the oil and gas industry, especially for off-shore production. TIG welding of super duplex stainless steels to obtain the optimal phase balance between austenite and ferrite is mainly achieved by controlling the cooling rate and the weld chemistry. The latter depends on the filler wire chosen and the shielding gas used. If TIG welding of superduplex stainless steels is performed with argon shielding gas only, then nitrogen gets lost from the weld pool, which can result in a ferrite-rich weld metal, with an inferior corrosion resistance than parent metal. In the present study, nitrogen permeation model from the shield gas which gets into the weld metal in DCEN-TIG welding has suggested. This plasma stream model shows characteristics of permeation of nitrogen ions into the molten metal due to the strong physical effect of plasma stream which formed by the arc pressure rather than the permeation of nitrogen ions caused by electric effect.

무릎 뼈관절염의 단파치료 효과 : 무작위임상시험의 메타분석과 체계적 고찰

이재형,조혁신,송인영,Lee, Jae-Hyoung,Cho, Hyuk-Shin,Song, In-Yong 대한물리치료학회 2014 대한물리치료학회지 Vol.26 No.5

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to assess the effectiveness of short-wave therapy (SWT) for treatment of knee osteoarthritis (OA) as compared to placebo and control, and to assess the question of whether the effects are related to the mode, dosage, and application method. Methods: We searched randomized, placebo-controlled trials using electronic databases. We also manually reviewed sources in order to identify additional relevant studies. Results: Eight studies (597 participants) with OA were included in the meta-analysis. Pulse SWT had a significant effect on pain relief compared with control treatment, while did not favour compared with the placebo group. Pulse SWT had a significant effect on functional improvement compared with control and placebo treatment. Continuous SWT had no effect on pain relief and functional improvement. Capacitive SWT a significant effect on pain relief, functional improvement, and muscle strength. Continuous and capacitive SWT had increased muscle strength significantly. We found no clinical significance of all outcomes except pain and functional improvement in pulsed SWT with low dose. There was no difference in adverse events. None of the participants experienced any serious adverse events. Conclusion: Low dose pulsed SWT provided a short-term clinical benefit for pain relief and functional improvement. Pulsed SWD with low and high dose had effects on pain and function. There seems to be a placebo effect. We found significant effects on pain and function in capacitive SWT. Despite some positive findings, this analysis lacked data on how effectiveness is affected by mode, dosage, and application method of SWT. Further well-designed clinical studies are required in order to confirm the effectiveness of SWT.

Effective Concentration of Procaine Solution for Inotophoresis

이재형,김주형,제갈승주,Lee Jae-Hyoung,Kim Joo-Young,Jekal Seung-Joo The Korean Society of Physical Therapy 1998 대한물리치료학회지 Vol.10 No.1

The purpose of this study was to determine the of effective concentration of procaine iontophoresis for durarion of cutaneous local anesthesia. Forty-five healthy students with an age range of 19 to 34 years$(21\pm2.7)$, were participated in this study. The subjects were randomly assigned into 5 groups. Bach 9 subjects received iontophoresis on the flexor surface of dominant forearm with soft cotton pad $(3.5\times3.5cm)$ soaked in 2ml of $2\%$ (pH 5.28), $4\%$ (pH 5.12), $8\%$ (pH 4,98), $16\%$ (pH 4.72), $32\%$ (pH 4.52) procaine hydrochloride solution at 4mA for 10 minutes (total current 40mA min) using anodal direct current. The study was performed in a randomized, double-blind design, After procaine iontophoresis, the duration of anesthesia were evaluated at five minute intervals on five random locations in the iontophoretically area using a 21-gauge sterile hypodermic needle pressed with 1mm invagination unitl sharp pin-pricking pain sensation returned. The data were analyzed with one-way ANOVA to determine significant differences between groups. Duncan post hoc was performed at level .01. The relationship between anesthetic duration and procaine concentration was assessed with Pearson Product-Moment Correlation Coefficients. ANOVA tests showed significant differences in the anesthetic duration between the concentration of procaine solution (p<.001). Procaine iontophoresis with $4\%$ concentration produced cutaneous Socal anesthesia of significantly longer duration(15.56 min) than iontophoresis with $2\%,\;8\%,\;16\%$, and $32\%$ of procaine GCl(p<.01). Whereas the anesthetic duration had no correlation with concentration of procaine solution (r=-0.41, NS). These results support the $4\%$ procaine solution was an effective concentration of iontophoresis for induced cutaneous local anesthesia. 효율적으로 국소마취를 유발시키는 procaine이온도입의 효과적인 농도를 조사하였다. 19세에서 34까지의 자원자 45명을 9명씩 무작위로 5군으로 나누어 배치하고, 각군 대상자의 오른쪽 전완 전면에 각각 $2\% (pH\;5.2H),\;4%(pH\;5.12),\;8\%(pH\;4.98),\;16\%(pH\; 4.72),\;32\%(pH\;4.52)$ 염산 procaine용액 2ml를 적신 $3.5\times3.5 cm$의 면패드를 대고 4mA로 10분간 양극 직류전류를 통전시켰다. 이온도입 직후부터 5분 간격으로 21 G주사침으로 이온도입부위를 1mm함몰되게 눌러 바늘로 찌르는 통증을 느낄 때까지 감각검사를 시행하여 국소마취지속시간을 측정하였다. Procaine의 농도에 따른 축소마취지속시간을 일원분산분석한 결과 유의한 차이를 보였으며 (F=5.83; df=4, 40; p<.001). 이를 사후검정한 결과 농도 $4\%$의 국소마취지속시간이 농도 $2\%,\;8\%,\;16\%,\;32\%$보다 유의하게 길었다 (p<.01). 또한 상관분석 결과 약물의 농도는 국소마취지속시간과 상관관계가 없었다 (r=-0.41, NS). 본 연구 결과 $4\%$ 농도의 염산 procaine 용액의 이온도입이 국소마취지속시간을 가장 길게 유지하여 $4\%$ 염산 procaine 용액이 이온도입에 가장 효과적인 농도였음을 알 수 있었다.