욕창 방지를 위한 체압 모니터링 시스템 개발

이아라,장경배,Lee, Ah-Ra,Jang, Kyung-Bae 대한임베디드공학회 2011 대한임베디드공학회논문지 Vol.6 No.4

This study suggests a Healthcare System for elderly and disabled who have mobility impairment and use a wheelchair for long time. Seating long time in a wheelchair without reducing pressure causes high risk of developing pressure sores. Pressure sores come with great deal of pain and often lead to develop complication. Not only it takes time and effort to treat pressure sores but also increases medical expenses. Therefore, we will develop a device to help to prevent pressure sores by measuring pressure distribution while seating in a wheelchair and wirelessly send information to user device to check pressure distribution in real time. The equipment to measure body pressure is composed of FSR sitting mat which is a sensor measuring part and an user terminal which is a monitoring part. The designed mat is matrix formed FSR sensor to measure pressure. The sensor send measured data to the controller which is connected to the end of the mat, and then the collected data are sent to an user terminal through a bluetooth. Developing a pressure monitoring system will help to prevent those who have mobility impairment to manage pressure sores and furthermore relieve their burden of medical expenses.

Fe-loaded zeolite를 이용한 칼럼 실험에서의 Cd & Cr(VI) 동시제거 반응성 평가

이아라,이승학,박준범,Lee Ah-Ra,Lee Seung-Hak,Park Jun-Boum 한국지하수토양환경학회 2006 지하수토양환경 Vol.11 No.1

Cd과 Cr(VI)으로 동시에 오염된 지하수 정화에 반응벽체 공법을 적용하기 위하여 환원능과 흡착능을 동시에 가지는 새로운 반응 물질인 Fe-loaded zeolite의 반응성을 실내 주상실험을 통해 평가하였다. Cd과 Cr(VI)을 동시에 포함한 오염용액을 반응물질이 충진된 칼럼에 주입하고, 이 칼럼을 통과한 유출수에서의 Cd과 Cr(VI) 농도를 측정하여 파과곡선을 얻는 방법으로 본 주상실험을 수행하였다. 유출수의 농도 분석 결과 Cd의 파과는 Cr(VI)의 파과곡선이 완료되는 시점까지 전혀 관찰되지 않아, 반응물질의 전반적인 효율은 Cr(VI)에 대한 반응성에 의해 결정됨을 알 수 있었다. Cr(VI)의 파과곡선은 파과 시작점이 다소 지체되고 파과의 진행 속도도 느려지며 파괴곡선의 상대농도 값이 1까지 증가하는 양상을 나타내었다. 이러한 Cr(VI) 파과곡선의 양상을 정량적으로 묘사하기 위하여 형상계수라고 하는 새로운 계수 ${\alpha}$와 ${\beta}$를 정의하고, 이를 오염물질의 이동방정식에 적용함으로써 파과곡선의 지체 정도와 기울기 정도를 나타내었다. 초기 주입 용액의 농도가 증가할수록 ${\alpha}$값은 감소하였고, 이로부터 파과곡선의 시작 시점이 빨라 지는 것을 알 수 있었다. 또한 초기 주입 용액의 속도가 증가할수록 ${\beta}$ 값이 감소하였으며, 이로부터 파과곡선의 기울기가 점차 가팔라지는 것을 알 수 있었다. 이를 통해 Fe-loaded zeolite를 반응벽체 내 반응물질로 적용할 경우, Fe-loaded zeolite는 지하수 상에 존재하는 서로 다른 이온 형태의 중금속인 Cd과 Cr(VI)을 효과적으로 동시에 제거할 수 있음을 획인하였으며 이때, Fe-loaded zeolite를 통한 Cr(VI)의 파과는 지하수 흐름이 빠를수록 파과의 진행이 더욱 급격히 나타날 것이며 오염농도가 높은 지하수일수록 파과의 시점이 빠르게 나타나 반응물질은 그 사용 한계 에 다다르게 될 것임을 예측할 수 있었다. Laboratory column experiment for simultaneous removal of Cd and Cr(VI) were conducted using newly developed material of Fe-loaded zeolite having both reduction ability and sorption capacity. The solution containing Cd and Cr(VI) was injected into the column and the breakthrough curves (BTCs) for the contaminants were observed at the effluent port. Cd breakthrough was not initialized until Cr(VI) breakthrough was completed. Therefore it could be concluded that overall efficiency of Fe-loaded zeolite should be determined by the reactivity for Cr(VI). The relative concentration of Cr(VI) BTC increased to the unit value while initial breakthrough was delayed and the propagation of breakthrough was slowed. In order to quantitatively describe the shape of Cr(VI) BTC, new parameters of ${\alpha}\;and\;{\beta}$ designated to be shape parameters, were defined and applied in contaminant transport concentration. These parameters were employed to represent the degree of initial breakthrough delay and the degree of breakthrough propagation, respectively. As initial contaminant concentration increased, ${\alpha}$ decreased, which indicated the delay of BTC's initiation. And as initial contaminant flow rate increased, ${\beta}$ decreased, which represented the faster propagation of the BTC. From these results, Fe-loaded zeolite was found to be an effective reactive material for PRBs against heavy metals having different ionic forms in groundwater. And it could be expected that as groundwater flows faster, the propagation of breakthrough would be faster and as contaminant concentration is higher, the initial point of breakthrough would appear earlier.

경추 신연요법을 적용한 연성 경추 추간판 탈출증 환자 치험 1례

이아라,정원석,이준환,송미연,Lee, A-Ra,Chung, Won-Suk,Lee, Jun-Hwan,Song, Mi-Yeon 척추신경추나의학회 2007 척추신경추나의학회지 Vol.2 No.2

Objectives: The object of this study is to report a clinical effect of chuna manual theraphy for the soft herniated intervertebral cervical disc. Methods: The patient was treated by cervical traction technique which is one of the chuna manual theraphy with other conservative treatments including acupuncture, herbal mixture, bee-venom theraphy and TENS(Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation). Visual analogue scale(VAS) have been used for result report. Results: After the cervical traction technique, the VAS was significantly improved. Conclusions: It is thought that the chuna manual theraphy might be effective to the patient with soft herniated intervertebral cervical disc.

상담 서비스와 관련한 성소수자 내담자의 인권경험에 대한 질적연구*

이아라(Lee, Ara),이주영(Lee, Juyoung),이성원(Lee, Sungwon),양난미(Yang, Nanmee) 한국열린교육학회 2021 열린교육연구 Vol.29 No.3

본 연구는 성소수자 내담자들이 상담을 받는 과정에서 인권과 관련하여 어떠한 경험을 하는지 확인하기 위한 목적으로 진행되었다. 이를 위해, 연구 참여에 자발적으로 동의한 성소수자 10명을 대상으로 심층면담을 진행하고, 수집된 자료를 현상학적 연구방법을 통해 분석하였다. 연구결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 성소수자 내담자들은 상담자가 성소수자 적극 옹호적 용어를 사용하고, 비판단적이며, 내담자의 정체성을 있는 그대로 보아주는 태도 뿐 아니라 비밀보장과 같은 상담 윤리를 지켰을 때 인권이 존중받는다고 경험하였다. 반면, 상담자가 고정관념에 따라 단정적으로 규정하거나 내담자의 성적지향과 정체성을 고려하지 않으며 표현․선택할 수 있는 것에 제한을 느낄 때 인권이 침해된다고 느꼈다. 마지막으로 성소수자들은 상담에서 자신들의 인권을 보호하기 위한 상담자 역량으로 다양한 가치에 유연하고 열린 태도와 내담자의 정체성과 선택을 존중하는 태도, 내담자와의 관계를 활용하는 기술과 현실적인 정보제공 기술, 성소수자 관련 사회적 맥락 및 공동체, 그리고 사용 용어에 대한 지식을 보고하였다. 이러한 결과를 통해 성소수자 내담자를 상담하는 상담자들이 내담자의 인권을 보호하기 위해서 상담장면에서 무엇을 고려해야 하는지 시사점을 발견하고자 하였다. The purpose of this study is to identify sexual and gender minority/expansive clients` experience related to human rights in the process of counseling services. Ten sexual and gender minority/expansive individuals who agreed with attending voluntarily were interviewed in-depth. Research participants were questioned on topics including human rights violation experiences and which competencies counselors need for respecting human rights of sexual and gender minority/expansive clients. The interview results were analyzed through phenomenological methodology. The results were as follows. At first, sexual and gender minority/expansive clients felt respected when counselors used sexual and gender minority/expensive affirmative terms, showed a non-judgmental attitude, paid attention to clients` experiences related with sexual identity or orientation, and followed counselor ethical standards such as confidentiality. In contrast, they regarded their human rights as being violated when counselor showed judgmental attitudes affirmingly according to their own stereotypes, or overlooked sexual orientation and/or identity in counseling. Finally, participants addressed that flexible and open attitudes to various values, having a respectful attitude for the clients` identity and choices, skills utilizing the relationship with the clients and providing realistic and useful information, and knowledge about social contexts related to them, or a related sexual and/or a related sexual and/or gender minority/expansive community, and terms of use as counselors` competencies for respecting human rights of their clients. Through these results, implications for what counselors should consider when meeting sexual and gender minority/expansive clients were found.

보조 인덕터와 보조 다이오드를 적용한 소프트-스위칭이 가능한 포워드-플라이백 컨버터에 관한 연구

이아라(A-Ra Lee),박준우(Jun-Woo Park),홍성수(Sung-Soo Hong) 전력전자학회 2017 전력전자학회 논문지 Vol.22 No.2

소비음을 이용한 경피침주요법이 복부비만에 미치는 영향에 대한 임상연구

이아라 ( A Ra Lee ),조유정 ( Yu Jung Cho ),정원석 ( Won Suk Jung ),양유정 ( Yu Jung Yang ),송미연 ( Mi Yeon Song ) 한방재활의학과학회 2009 한방재활의학과학회지 Vol.19 No.2

Objectives: This study was performed to figure out the effects of herbal mesotherapy on abdominal fat in obese women. Methods: Forty obese women those who were diagnosed abdominal obesity had been recruited during February, 2008. They were randomly assigned experimental or control group under block-randomization. Experimental group were treated with Sobi-eum(Xiaofei-yin) injection during 6 weeks (2 times a week) and placebo group were treated with normal saline injection under same procedures. Anthropometry, body impedance analysis, fat computed tomography, blood test, and questionnaires had been administered before and after the treatment. Results: Four subjects were dropped out (voluntary give up), so 18 in experimental group and 18 in placebo group were evaluated. There were significant changes after treatments in both groups. Although no significant differences have been found in the result of anthropometry, body impedance analysis and fat computed tomography between two groups, in the experimental group, the changes of total fat area had a highly significant relationship with all part of abdominal fat. While the placebo group had highly significant relationships with subcutaneous fat area, superficial and deep subcutaneous fat area but not with visceral fat area. Conclusions: Compaired with saline group, herbal mesotheraphy Sobi-eum(Xiaofei-yin) is effective in reduction of visceral fat after adjusting TFA.

고령자가 경험하는 취업 준비 어려움에 대한 질적연구

이아라(Lee, Ara),현지수(Hyun, Jisoo),류지현(Ryu, Jihyeon),이주영(Lee, Jooyoung) 한국열린교육학회 2019 열린교육연구 Vol.27 No.1

본 연구의 목적은 만65세 이상의 고령자들이 취업을 준비하면서 경험하는 어려움을 구체적으로 밝히기 위함이다. 이를 위해 만65세 이상의 현재 취업을 준비하고 있는 고령자 14명을 대상으로 심층 인터뷰를 진행하였고, 수집된 자료를 현상학적 연구 방법으로 분석하였다. 연구 분석 결과, 고령자들이 취업과정에서 경험하는 어려움은 총 8개 영역으로 나타났다. 고령자들은 취업시장에서 나이 때문에 취업기회가 제한되고, 주변 사람들과의 관계에서 도움이나 지지를 받고 있지 못하다고 지각하고 있었다. 또한 고령자 들은 실질적인 경제적 어려움을 경험할 뿐 아니라, 자신의 노력이 환경을 나아지게 하는데 아무 소용이 없다고 생각하고 있었다. 이에 더해 고령자들은 자신의 취업 역량이 부족하다고 생각하지만 새로운 것을 배우는 것이 두려움을 느끼고, 소극적으로 취업 준비를 하게 된다고 보고하였다. 마지막으로 고령자들은 취업과 관련하여 체면을 내려놓는 것과 관련된 어려움을 호소하였으며, 우울과 소외감, 수치심과 분노 등의 다양한 부정적 정서를 경험하고 있었다. 이러한 결과를 바탕으로, 고령자의 취업 관련 어려움의 현상을 드러내고자 하였고, 이에 기반하여 고령자 심리교육과 취업지원에서의 개입 시사점과 후속 연구의 방향성을 논의하였다. The purpose of this study was to deeply understand the difficulties associated with the preparation of employment for seniors who are over sixty-five years old. In order to achieve this aim, the study interviewed fourteen participants who were over sixty-five years old, and then analyzed collecting script by phenomenological method. As a result, there were eight domains in the difficulties which participants experienced on the process of employment. They were confronted with opportunity restrictions because of the age restriction, the perceived lack of support from everyone around them, or the difficulties of asking for help from others. They reported real financial hardship, the uselessness of their own efforts, and the loss of control on environmental change. Also, they thought that their competencies for employment were lacking, and they prepared for employment passively. Lastly, they complained of the difficulties related with compromising themselves or ruining their image during the job search process. Many experienced a variety of negative emotions including depression, a sense of alienation, humiliation, and anger. Based on these results, the study demonstrated the phenomenon of difficulties associated with job searching by graphics, discussed the implications for psychological intervention to help seniors, and the possible direction for future research.

고령자용 진로장벽 척도 개발 연구

이아라(Lee, ARa),이주영(Lee, Juyoung) 학습자중심교과교육학회 2020 학습자중심교과교육연구 Vol.20 No.3

본 연구의 목적은 고령자들이 취업을 준비하면서 경험하는 어려움의 수준을 객관적으로 측정할 수 있는 고령자용 진로장벽 척도를 개발하는 것이다. 이를 위해 취업 준비 상황에 있는 고령자에 관한 연구들과 기존에 개발된 진로 척도들에 대한 문헌을 개관하였고, 14명의 고령자 인터뷰를 통해 예비문항을 개발하였다. 만 65세 이상 고령자 134명을 대상으로 예비조사를 실시하였고, 탐색적 요인분석과 신뢰도 분석을 실시하였다. 요인분석 결과와 전문가 안면타당도 과정을 통해 본 문항을 개발한 후, 고령자 168명을 대상으로 본 조사를 진행하여 확인적 요인분석을 실시하였다. 다음으로 개발된 척도의 준거타당도를 확인하기 위해 성인용구직장애검사와의 상관을 분석하였고, 미취업 기간과의 상관분석도 실시하였다. 연구 결과 고령자용 진로장벽 척도는 총 7개 요인(부정정서, 취업역량부족, 소극적 태도, 사회적지지 부족, 비관적관점, 정책 및 시장문제, 자신감부족), 22개 문항으로 최종 개발되었다. 또한, 본 연구에서 개발된 척도는 적절한 신뢰도와 타당도를 갖춘 것으로 확인되었다. 마지막으로 본 연구에서 개발된 고령자 진로장벽 척도의 활용 가능성과 이에 기반한 고령자 진로상담 및 취업교육에의 시사점을 논의하였다. The purpose of this study was to develop career barrier scale for the olders which could be to measure the level of difficulties on preparing to take a job objectively. We reviewed pre-studies about the features of the olders who sought a job and career related scales which were already developed and interviewed fourteen elders to generate preliminary items. Preliminary survey was performed for 134 elders who were over sixty five year old and exploratory factor analysis and reliability analysis was performed. And then, main survey was performed for 168 elders and confirmatory factor analysis was performed after main items were selected based on the results of exploratory factor analysis and experts face validity. Next, correlation analysis was performed between the Job-Seeking Barriers Exploration Scale for Adults and the scale developed in this study and also between the period of unemployment and the scale developed in this study to identify criterion-related validity. As a result, the career barrier scale for the olders was composed of seven factors(negative emotion, the lack of employment ability, passive attitude, the lack of social supports, pessimistic perspective, the problem of policy or market, the lack of confidence) and 22 items finally. Also, the result showed that the scale developed in this study was reliable and validated. At last, we discussed about the usage possibility of the carrer barrier scale for the olders developed in this study and implications for career counseling or career education for elders based on results of this study.

갱년기 비만 여성의 식사태도와 복부지방과의 상관성

이아라 ( A Ra Lee ),황미자 ( Mi Ja Hwang ),정원석 ( Won Seok Jung ),정석희 ( Seok Hee Chung ),송미연 ( Mi Yeon Song ) 한방재활의학과학회 2008 한방재활의학과학회지 Vol.18 No.4

Objectives : This study was performed to find out the relationships between abdominal fat and eating attitude in obese climacteric women. Methods : 42 obese climacteric women were recruited in August 2007. Anthropometry has been done and abdominal fat distribution had been assessed by CT scan at the level of L4-5 and eating attitude was measured using Korean Eating Attitude Test-26. Results : There were significant correlations between body mass index, percent of body fat and eating attitude. Total abdominal fat and visceral fat also increased with KEAT-26. Conclusions : There were relationships among eating attitude total fat, abdominal fat and visceral fat in obese climacteric women.

인지언어학과 수사학의 융합을 통해 본 속담텍스트의 ‘시간 개념화’ 양상

이아라(Lee, Ahra) 한국수사학회 2013 수사학 Vol.0 No.18

From Cognitive Linguistics, Linguistics is returning to human body, flesh and living itself. The principle of Cognitive Linguistics is that cognition emerges from human’s flesh and living, namely experience; those cognitions are accumulated to produce meaning, namely conception; they are put into language, expand to metaphor; by the languages and conception humans live. In a way figurative language reflects conceptual structure. However, the major concerns of cognitive linguistics and rhetorical study of the core issues closely touch since the context in which any meaning occurs, is categorized, is expressed in language is rhetorical context. This is the starting point of this study. Without passing through the lens of rhetoric which is constantly conscious of the concreteness of life and the essential conditions of language activities (including speech act), there are limits to capture vivid context for the emergence of the core concepts of Cognitive Linguistics as cognition, concept, metaphor, language, specifically in the lives of human beings. For example, although George Lakoff’s attempts to generalize human cognition by capturing conceptual metaphors in the form of specific language has brought the great progress, we can raise doubts about the ’the narrowness of conceptual metaphor’, ‘a fixations on the specific form of language’ and ‘the tendency of generalize or reduce them’. On the other hand, when viewed from the perspective of Rhetorical Study, It is worth noting that not by the innovation in Rhetorical Study but the innovation in the field of Linguistics broke the long perspective of ‘General Rhetoric’ which has regarded metaphors as linguistic deviant. This article attempts and seeks the organic combination of Cognitive Linguistics and Rhetorical Study. It will pay attention to the methodology of the Conceptual Metaphor Theory and to expand the methodological and cognitive narrowness by applying Rhetorical point of view. When we attempt to turn Cognitive Linguistic observation about the ‘conception’ into a Rhetorical observation, ‘Proverbs’ can be one of the best text showing the passage very well. Proverb can be redefined as “the text with the effective rhetorical format which represents collective cognition accumulated in a language and culture community over a long period of time”. Proverbs are the collective wisdom accumulated in community in cognitive aspects and in rhetorical aspects. Proverbs are commonly used by anyone. Everyone can be the subject of Proverbs. Proverbs are available to all. I analyzed how Korean people conceptualizes time through Korean Proverbs. The result shows that our conception of time occurs, maintains and changes(transfers) depending on various phases and contexts humans have encountered. Rhetorical challenge situations occur in them. I extracted the 5 conceptions of time of the high frequency; categorized as follows. 1. Time as Accumulation 2. Time as Convergence 3. Time as Stage 4. Time as Elapse 5. Time as Regression These 5 conceptions and modalities continue to exchange. The validity of the conception of time depends on relationships with others, on the phase and context of external situation. A person’s conception of time continues to adjust and replace because one’s conception of time and others’ conception of time meet, merge, strengthen, band together or strike, conflict, crash; and one’s conception of time and external circumstances cross.