토종효모를 이용한 복분자 발효주의 바이오제닉아민 함량 및 향기성분 분석

윤해훈,손락호,류은혜,정지혜,Yoon, Hae-Hoon,Son, Rak-Ho,Ryu, Eun-Hye,Jung, Ji-Hye 한국식품조리과학회 2015 한국식품조리과학회지 Vol.31 No.3

We investigate black raspberry (Rubus occidentalis) wine made using traditional yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae A8, B6, GBY2, GBY3) and S. cerevisiae Fermivin (FM), which is widely used in wine manufacturing, and analyze the biogenic amine content and the volatile flavor compounds. Black raspberries were separately inoculated with yeast up to $1{\times}10^9CFU/kg$, followed by incubation at $25^{\circ}C$ for 7 days. FM produced the highest alcohol content, however the final fermentation characteristics of the wine made using four different yeasts were similar. S. cerevisiae A8 had a large biogenic amine (BA) content, specifically tryptamine, thus we excluded this yeast from fermentation. S. cerevisiae GBY3 was selected for black raspberry wine fermentation as a result of sensory evaluation. The volatile flavor compounds of two wines (S. cerevisiae GBY3 and FM) were analyzed by gas chromatography and mass spectrometry. 37 compounds in the samples were separated, and several ester compounds were identified in greater amounts in the wine made with S. cerevisiae GBY3 than in the wine made with FM. A greater amount of the major compound, ethyl benzoate, giving the sweet and fruity flavor, was identified in wine made with S. cerevisiae GBY3 than in the wine made with FM. In conclusion, S. cerevisiae GBY3 was confirmed to produce no major BAs and a better flavored wine. These results give new leads in the production of high quality wine.

토판염 및 4년 숙성 천일염으로 제조한 김치의 암세포 성장 억제 효과

윤해훈(Hae Hoon Yoon),장해춘(Hae Choon Chang) 한국식품영양과학회 2011 한국식품영양과학회지 Vol.40 No.7

다양한 소금(정제염, 4년 숙성 천일염, 토판염)으로 제조한 김치를 발효시켜 산도 0.5~0.6%에 도달했을 때 이를 물과 메탄올로 추출하여 사용 소금에 따른 김치의 암세포 생육억제효과를 조사하였다. 소금의 종류를 달리한 김치의 물 추출물과 메탄올 추출물은 위암세포 AGS, 장암세포 HT-292 종의 암세포에 대해서 모두 농도가 증가할수록 농도 의존적으로 높은 세포 생육 억제율을 나타내었다. 최대 처리 농도인 5 ㎎/㎖에서 AGS의 경우 정제염 김치의 물 추출물은 44%, 메탄올 추출물은 52%의 억제율을 보였고 천일염 김치의 물 추출물은 40%, 메탄올 추출물은 73%의 억제율을 보였으며, 토판염 김치의 물 추출물은 49%, 메탄올 추출물은 62%의 억제율을 나타냄을 보여 천일염 김치의 메탄올 추출물의 AGS 암세포 생육 억제효과가 매우 뛰어남을 확인하였다. 동일 농도에서 HT-29의 경우 정제염 김치의 물 추출물은 43%, 메탄올 추출물은 39%의 억제율을 보였고, 천일염 김치의 물 추출물은 37%, 메탄올 추출물은 48%의 억제율을 보였으며, 토판염 김치의 물 추출물은 42%, 메탄올 추출물은 46%의 억제효과를 나타냄을 보여 AGS에 대한 암세포 성장 억제효과보다는 다소 낮지만 4년 숙성 천일염과 토판염으로 제조한 김치의 메탄올 추출물이 HT-29 암세포의 높은 성장억제 효과를 보임을 확인하였다. 반면에 소금의 종류를 달리한 김치의 물 추출물과 메탄올 추출물은 모두 정상세포 BJ에 대해 세포독성을 거의 보이지 않으며 오히려 세포 성장효과를 보였다. 더 나아가 최대 암세포 생육 억제현상을 나타낸 4년 숙성 김치의 메탄올 추출물을 AGS, HT-29, BJ 세포에 처리하였을 때 정상세포 BJ에 대해서는 처리 전후 별다른 차이가 관찰되지는 않았으나 AGS 위암세포와 HT-29 장암세포에서는 모두 세포 밀도의 감소와 함께 일부 세포수축 현상을 관찰할 수 있었다. 이상의 결과로부터 기능적 측면(암세포 생육억제)에서 김치 발효에는 가장 좋은 소금은 4년 숙성 천일염이며, 소금의 숙성이 김치 발효에 매우 중요함을 알 수 있다. The growth inhibitory effects of kimchi prepared with solar salt were investigated. Chinese cabbages were brined with purified salt, four year-old solar salt, and Topan solar salt, and then mixed with other ingredients. The final salt concentration was adjusted to 2.2~2.4% (w/v) for each salt, and the kimchi was fermented at 7℃. When the acidity reached around 0.5~0.6%, the kimchi was used as a sample for further experimentation. MTT assay was used to measure the growth inhibitory effect of kimchi extracts (water, methanol) on BJ human foreskin normal cells, AGS human gastric adenocarcinoma cells, and HT-29 human colon carcinoma cells. Water extracts of all the kimchi samples showed growth inhibitory effects on cancer cells; however, there was no significant difference among the used salts. Methanol extracts of all the kimchi samples showed higher growth inhibitory effects compared to the water extracts. The methanol extracts of four year-old solar salt kimchi (AGS: 73%, HT-29: 48%) and Topan solar salt kimchi (AGS: 62%, HT-29: 46%) showed higher growth inhibitory effects than that of purified salt kimchi (AGS: 52%, HT-29: 39%). In addition, morphological changes of cancer cells (AGS, HT-29) and decreased cell numbers were observed when methanol extract of four year-old solar salt kimchi was treated to AGS and HT-29 cells. However, none of the kimchi extracts showed any growth inhibitory effect on BJ normal cells.

토종효모를 이용한 블루베리 발효주의 발효 특성 및 항산화 활성

윤해훈(Hae Hoon Yoon),채규서(Kyu Seo Chae),손락호(Rak Ho Son),정지혜(Ji Hye Jung) 한국식품영양과학회 2015 한국식품영양과학회지 Vol.44 No.6

본 연구에서는 국내 복분자로부터 분리된 토종효모 Saccharomyces cerevisiae M-5와 수입 시판건조효모 Fermivin을 이용한 블루베리의 발효 품질 특성을 확인하였고, 항산화 활성을 확인하기 위해 총 폴리페놀 및 총 플라보노이드, DPPH 라디칼 소거 활성, ABTS 라디칼 소거 활성, 환원력을 측정하였다. S. cerevisiae M-5와 Fermivin을 블루베리에 1×10<SUP>9</SUP> CFU/kg이 되도록 접종하여 25°C에서 39일간 발효를 진행하였다. S. cerevisiae M-5를 이용한 블루베리 발효주(BBM)의 최종 품질은 알코올 13.10%, 당도 8.42°Bx, 산도 1.183%였으며, Fermivin을 이용한 블루베리 발효주(BBF)는 알코올 14.20%, 당도 8.2°Bx, 산도 1.153%로 발효가 완료되었다. 발효 특성은 BBM이 BBF와 비교 시 초기발효 속도가 빠르며 최종 알코올 생성량은 약 1% 낮은 것으로 확인되었다. 총 폴리페놀 함량은 BBJ가 0.74±0.07 TAE mg/mL, BBM이 1.34±0.20 TAE mg/mL, BBF가 1.09±0.01 TAE mg/mL로 발효 시 증가되었으며, BBM의 총 폴리페놀 함량이 BBF보다 약 1.2배 높게 확인되었다. 총 플라보노이드 함량은 BBM이 0.61±0.20 QUE mg/mL, BBF가 0.55±0.08 QUE mg/mL로 발효하였을 때 증가하며 BBM의 총 플라보노이드 함량이 높음을 확인하였다. 항산화 활성확인을 위한 DPPH 라디칼 소거 활성, ABTS 라디칼 소거활성 그리고 환원력 또한 총 폴리페놀 및 총 플라보노이드 함량이 높았던 BBM이 더 높은 항산화 활성을 나타내었다. 효모를 달리하여 제조된 블루베리 발효주의 관능검사를 실시한 결과 색상의 경우 BBF가 높았으나 향미, 맛, 전체적인 기호도는 BBM이 우수한 기호도를 보였다. 결과적으로 토종효모 S. cerevisiae M-5를 이용한 발효주는 수입 시판건조효모 Fermivin을 이용한 발효주보다 항산화 활성 및 관능적 기호도에서 우수하게 평가되어 토종효모 S. cerevisiae M-5는 와인 제조 등과 같은 산업적 활용이 가능하고 이용가치가 높을 것으로 판단된다. We investigated blueberry wine made using traditional yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae M-5) and Saccharomyces cerevisiae Fermivin which is widely used in wine manufacturing, and measured its fermentative characteristics and antioxidant activity. S. cerevisiae M-5 is a traditional yeast isolated from domestically grown Black raspberry (Rubus occidentalis). Both S. cerevisiae M-5 and Fermivin were inoculated into blueberry juice (BBJ) up to 1×10<SUP>9</SUP> CFU/kg, followed by incubation at 25°C for 39 days. Final fermentation products of blueberry fermented with S. cerevisiae M-5 (BBM) presented 13.10% alcohol, 8.42°Bx of sugar, and 1.183% acidity, and final fermentation products of blueberry fermented with Fermivin (BBF) presented 14.20% alcohol, 8.2°Bx of sugar, and 1.153% acidity. The contents of total polyphenol and flavonoid compounds of BBM were higher than those of BBF and BBJ. DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging activities and reducing power of BBM were higher than those of BBF. The sensory evaluation revealed that BBM showed excellent flavor, taste, and overall acceptability compared with BBF. Based on these results, the possibility of industrial utilization of S. cerevisiae M-5 as traditional yeast was confirmed by sensory evaluation and antioxidant activity. Fermentation rate of S. cerevisiae M-5 was similar to Fermivin, which is used in the food industry.

다양한 천일염으로 제조한 된장의 암세포 성장 억제 효과

윤해훈 ( Hae Hoon Yoon ),김인철 ( In Cheol Kim ),장해춘 ( Hae Choon Chang ) 한국식품저장유통학회 ( 구 한국농산물저장유통학회 ) 2012 한국식품저장유통학회지 Vol.19 No.2

The growth inhibition effect of Doenjang that was prepared with various kinds of solar salt was investigated. Doenjang was prepared using the bacterial koji and five kind of salt with 12% salt concentration (w/w): purified salt Doenjang, one-year aged solar salt Doenjang, four-year aged solar salt Doenjang, topan solar salt Doenjang, and boiled solar salt Doenjang. The Doenjangs were fermented and aged for 18 months. The growth inhibition effects of the water extracts and the methanol extracts of the Doenjangs were measured on AGS human gastric adenocarcinoma cells, HT-29 colon carcinoma cells, and BJ human foreskin normal cells using MTT assay. The water and methanol extracts of the Doenjang samples showed growth inhibition effects on the cancer cells, in the following order of the samples with the strongest to the weakest effect: the four-year aged solar salt Doenjang, the topan solar salt Doenjang, the boiled solar salt Doenjang, the one-year aged solar salt Doenjang, and the purified salt Doenjang. The methanol extracts of the four-year aged solar salt Doenjang (AGS: 55% and HT-29: 48%) showed the strongest growth inhibition effect. In addition, decreased cancer cell numbers and morphological changes in the cancer cells (AGS and HT-29) were observed when the methanol extract of the four-year aged solar salt Doenjang was treated. None of the Doenjang extracts showed a growth inhibition effect on the BJ normal cells, though.

Lactobacillus plantarum GBL17 균주를 이용한 복분자 유산발효 특성

류은혜,윤해훈,정지혜,Ryu, Eun-Hye,Yoon, Hae-Hoon,Jung, Ji-Hye 한국식품조리과학회 2015 한국식품조리과학회지 Vol.31 No.6

Lactic acid fermentation of black raspberry (Rubus occidentalis) juice was carried out by using the Lactobacillus plantarum GBL17 strain. The sterilized black raspberry juice was fermented using the L. plantarum GBL17 strain at $30^{\circ}C$ for 72 hours after which the total acidity increased and the pH value decreased. In addition, the highest total acidity content (2.38%) was reached, the lowest pH value (3.22) was observed, and the sugar content decreased by $9.8^{\circ}Brix$ after the 72 hour fermentation. The number of viable cells rapidly increased up until 24 hours, after which it gradually decreased. HPLC analysis of the organic acids showed 14.51 mg/g of lactic acid content in the fermented black raspberry juice, which was not detected in the non-fermented black raspberry juice (control). The content of fructose and glucose slightly decreased after fermentation. The total polyphenol and flavonoid contents of the fermented black raspberry juice increased significantly after fermentation. The DPPH radical scavenging activity of fermented black raspberry juice (70.92%) was higher than that of the control (62.96%). After lactic acid fermentation, there was no significant increase in ABTS radical scavenging activity. These results confirm that lactic acid bacteria, such as L. plantarum GBL17, showed generally higher activities with a potential as a functional beverage.

반응표면분석법을 이용한 아로니아 식초 제조를 위한 발효조건 최적화

박희전,정소희,윤해훈,정지혜,송지영,Park, Hee-Jeon,Jeong, So-Hee,Yoon, Hae-Hoon,Jung, Ji-Hye,Song, Ji-Young 한국식품조리과학회 2014 한국식품조리과학회지 Vol.30 No.6

This study was conducted to determine the optimal conditions of acetic acid fermentation of aronia using the response surface methodology (RSM). Alcohol content of aronia wine was 13.1% after alcohol fermentation of aronia fruits. The optimal conditions of acetic acid fermentation were determined by five levels of initial aronia alcohol content, initial acetic acid content, and acetic acid bacteria, using the central composite design. The acetic acid yields, residual alcohol contents, pH, and color values (L, a, b) of acetic acid fermentation products were very significantly different ($p{\leq}0.01$), and were 26.34~57.82 g/L, 0.80~1.53%, 3.19~3.43, 47.58~71.00, 31.77~51.15, and 18.45~48.57, respectively. For the results, the optimal conditions of acetic acid fermentation of aronia were 7.78% of the initial alcohol concentration, 1.58% of the initial acetic acid, and 19.39% of the acetic acid bacteria.

토종발효미생물을 이용한 오디 발효주의 항산화 활성 및 향기성분 분석

채규서(Kyu Seo Chae),정지혜(Ji Hye Jung),윤해훈(Hae Hoon Yoon),손락호(Rak Ho Son) 한국식품영양과학회 2014 한국식품영양과학회지 Vol.43 No.7

This study was carried out to develop mulberry wines fermented with traditional microorganisms (Saccharomyces cerevisiae B-8). S. cerevisiae B-8 is a traditional fermentation microorganism isolated from domestically grown Rubus occidentalis. Each S. cerevisiae B-8 and Fermivin was inoculated into mulberry up to 1×10<SUP>9</SUP> CFU/kg, followed by incubation at 25°C for 10 days. Mulberry fermented with S. cerevisiae B-8 (MBB) had a high alcohol content (16.47%), and the fermentation rate of MBB was faster than that of mulberry fermented with Fermivin (MBF). The total polyphenol and flavonoid contents of MBB were higher than those of MBF. DPPH radical scavenging activity of MBB was as high as that of MBF. ABTS radical scavenging activity of MBF was higher than those of MBB and mulberry juice (MBJ). In addition, reducing power of MBB was much higher than other samples. Flavor constituents of the two fermented wines were analyzed by gas chromatography and mass spectrometry. Twenty-three compounds from the sample were separated and identified as fifteen esters, six alcohols, an aldehyde, and an acetate. Particularly, tetradecanoic acid, ethyl ester of orris and violet flavor were ten times more abundant in MBB than in MBF. Several ester components were two times more abundant in MBB than in MBF. In conclusion, current findings indicate that MBB might have better antioxidant activities with flavor, which contributes to improved wine production with high quality and function.