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윤병석(Yun Pyong-Suk) 독립기념관 한국독립운동연구소 2009 한국독립운동사연구 Vol.0 No.32
안중근의사는 1909년 2월 7일 러시아 연해주에서 11명의 동지들과 함께 ‘同義斷指會’를 결성하였다. 이 회의 결성 목적은 조국의 독립을 회복하고 동양평화를 유지하는 데 있었다. 이때 회원들은 모두 왼손 무명지 첫 관절을 잘라 ‘대한독립’ 넉자의 혈서를 쓰고 대한독립만세를 불렀다. 또한 안중근의사는 혈서로 그 목적을 밝히는 ‘취지서’를 썼다. 안중근의사는 1908년 여름 연해주에서 항일의병부대를 이끌고 함경북도로 들어가 일제 군경을 상대로 치열한 교전을 벌였다. 하지만 이의병부대는 전력의 열세로 패퇴하고 말았다. 동의단지회는 그뒤 안중근 의사가 방략의 전환을 통해 재기 항일전을 전개하고자 결성한 항일단체였다. 단지동맹을 통해 결성된 단체의 이름이 ‘同義斷指會’였다는 사실과 그 취지서를 소개한 자료는 항일투사 계봉우가 쓴『만고의사 안중근전』이다. 취지서에는 한국의 독립과 동양평화를 갈망했던 안중근의사의 굳은 의지와 그를 실천할 행동강령이 들어있다. 안중근의사가 1909년 10월 26일 만주 하얼빈 역두에서 이등박문을 처단했던 거사는 결국 이 취지를 구현한 결과였다. A Korean patriot, Jung-Geun Ahn organized Dongeuidanjihoi(a secret society) with 11 like-minded people in Primorie, Russia on 7th of February, 1909. The purpose to organize the secret society was to restore Korea’s independence and maintain the peace in the East. At that time the members cut off the first joint of the ring finger of their left hand, wrote “Korea’s Independence” in blood and Cried “Hurriah for Korea’s independence”. Also Jung-Geun Ahn wrote in blood a prospectus which told the purpose of the society. Leading a military unit composed of volunteers in Primorie, Russia in 1908 to Hamgyeongbuk province, Jung-Geun Ahn fought fiercely with the Japanese military and police. However, the unit composed of volunteers was defeated because of inferiority in military strength. Dongeuidanjihoi was the society which was organized afterward by Jung-Geun Ahn to fight again with Japanese imperialism through the conversion of a stratagem. The material which introduced the name of “Dongeuidanjihoi” organized through an alliance of cutting off a finger and its prospectus to the readers was “A biography of Jung-Geun Ahn, a righteous person above comparison” which was written by Bong-Woo Gye. The iron will of Jung-Geun Ahn who longed for Korea’s independence and the peace in the East and a code of conduct to put it into practice were written in the prospectus. His worthy undertaking to shoot Ito Hirobumi dead at Harbin Station on 26th of October, 1909 was the result of realizing the prospectus.
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윤병석(Yun, Pyong-Suk) 중앙대학교 중앙사학연구소 2005 중앙사론 Vol.21 No.-
Since 1863, Kareiskian society in Siberia Primorye has improved its phase until 1930, and has given the great meaning to the development of the abroad emigration of Han Nation. Kareiskian society was occupied very important position of Korean independent movement. But even though Kareiskian society in Siberia Primorye had such meaning it came to be isolated from Han Nation s history in 1937. This was because Old Soviet Union has started its new pioneer as Kareiskian has lived in the far east primorye region was immigrated to the waste land, Uzbekistan, and the middle Asia, Kazakhstan. There was no way of livelihood. After that, Kareiskaian history in Soviet was covered with the secret, and got away Han Nation s history. But over 1990, an open-door policy made Soviet collapse and dismantle. In result Soviet came to be divided into Independent State Union like Russia. Finally, Kareiskaian circumstances began to open the public and Kareiskaian credit restoration was achieved by law from the government of Russia. After that, they returned to Primorye where they had to leave by force. This kind of facts must be an assignment to examine any meaning in relation to Korean modern history.
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尹炳奭(Yun Byeong-seog) 백산학회 1969 白山學報 Vol.- No.7
The independence movement by Koreans in the Three Eastern Provinces(東三省) of Manchuria in the 1920’s, after the Samil Movement (March the first) at home in 1919, can be represented by the armed resistance of the independence forces during the period. The foundations of these independence forces were the Korean communities in Manchuria with a total population of over a million, and the origins of the forces were the numerous anti-Japanese groups and armed bands that had been newly organized or consolidated immediately after the Sam-il Movement. Among the scores of these groups and armed units of a larger or moderate scale were : (in northern Kanto, Chien Tao) Dae-han-gug-min-hoe (大韓國民會 Korean Nationals Association), Dae-han-dog-nib-gun(大韓獨立軍 Korean Independence Army), Gun-mu-do-dog-bu (軍務都督府 Governing Office for Military Affairs), Dae-han-gwang-bog-dan (大韓光復團 Society for Restoration of Korean Independence), Eui-min-dan (義民團 Society of Righteous People), with Bug-ro-gun-jeong-seo (北路軍政署 Military and Administrative Office for the Northern Area) at the head, the last being especially famous for its successful battles with the Japanese regular army on the field of Ch’ingshanli; (and in western Kanto) Seo-ro-gun-jeong-seo (西路軍政署 Military and Administrative Office for the Western Area), Dae-han-dog-nib-dan (Society for Independence of Korea), Gwang-bog-gun-chong-yeong (光復軍總營 Headquarters of Independence Forces), Gwang-bog-dan (Society for Independence) as well as Han-jog-hoe (韓族會 Association of the Korean People) which had had remarkable traditions since its former self Gyong-hag-sa (耕學社 Society for Farming and Learning) of 1911. All these societies and groups, each having its own units of fighting force, occupied themselves with anti-Japanese activities. However, separate activities by so many individual groups caused of necessity a serious detraction from the totality of anti-Japanese independence movement of the Korean communities. The Korean anti-Japanese groups, therefore, faced a new challenge, internally, to consolidate themselves at the earliest possible moment, aside from continuing, externally, the more immediate, armed actions. Thus, these various anti-Japanese groups, after their recovery from the disaster of Gyeong-sin (庚申慘變 at the end of 1920 inflicted at the hands of the Japanese expedtionary forces, launched a movement to consolidate themselves, while continuing their armed struggles with Japanese forces. As a result of this effort, they saw Dae-han-tong-eui-bu (大韓統義府 General Headquarters of Korean Endeavours for Independence) was established in August, 1922, and on the foundations of this headquarters they organized the three regional centers, Cham-eui-bu (參議府 Participance Headquarters), Jeong-eui-bu (正義府 Headquarters for Justice), and Sin-min-bu (新民府 Headquarters of New People) by March of 1925. The three centers made themselves overall headquarters of military government with a twofold function of administration and military command, responsible for securing a self-government which was the very basis of the independence movement of all Korean communities in Manchuria and also for commanding the armed units under their control. Their ultimate goal was to win the independence of their fatherland by means of successful warfare against the Japanese.
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