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유승원(Yoo, Seung-won) 역사학회 2011 역사학보 Vol.0 No.210
The foundation for conscription of the freeborn (yangin) was laid with the land reforms that were enacted at the end of the Goryeo period. The system was further developed under King Taejong, the third monarch of the Joseon Dynasty. This paper discusses two major developments made during Taejong"s reign. First, former officials who had received allocations of land in accordance with their rank in the government were required to render military service. Since Taejong"s reign, those former officers were assigned to sujeonpae; soldiers of army units stationed in Seoul under a system of rotation. When called up in turn for active duty, they served as palace guards. Second, by imposing military service on government officers who were the core of the ruling class without granting land or other benefits in return the principle of conscription of the freeborn, under which any freeborn male should bear military service could be applied more widely. Land grants were confiscated from former officers who had been granted land allocations and wanted to move outside the capital, as these officers were assigned to mu-sujeonpae under the condition that they maintain their residence in Seoul. Unlike sujeonpae, the military service obligation of mu-sujeonpae was hereditary. The policy for military service of former government officers under King Taejong produced results, but also had clear limitations. More than anything else, the imposition of military service on former officers was directed primarily at those who had been granted land allocations. As a result a system of conscription of the freeborn could not yet be fully implemented.
김규상,유승원,원용림,이미영,Kim, Kyoo-Sang,Yoo, Seung-Won,Won, Yong-Lim,Lee, Mi-Young 한국환경보건학회 2012 한국환경보건학회지 Vol.38 No.3
Objectives: This paper aims to investigate the influence on stress hormones of job stress resulting from firefighting duties, as well as the degree of such influence. Methods: KOSS-26 and stress hormones such as norepinephrine (NE), epinephrine (EPI), adrenocorticotrophic hormone (ACTH), and cortisol were analyzed for 191 male firefighters from the western area of Incheon, the Incheon Industrial Complex, and Bucheon, Korea. Job stress and stress hormones were compared between a office working group and field-working group. Results: There was no significant difference in EPI and ACTH between the two groups. Change of stress hormones prior to engaging in typical duties, following typical duties, and immediately after field activities was examined. All the EPI, ACTH, and cortisol showed statistically significant changes with time, but not NE in the blood. In the field-working group, the cortisol levels in the blood of the firefighting and rescue groups showed notable differences depending on the time at which the measurements were taken. Conclusion: The differences in stress hormone levels depending on the type of duties of the firefighters were identified. Thus, interventions proper to job requirements is required in order to ease stress.