인간/시스템안전분야 : 우리나라 전체근로자와 외국인근로자의 산업재해율과 사망만인율 비교 연구

이관형 ( Kwan Hyung Yi ),조흠학 ( Hm Hak Cho ),유기호 ( Ki Ho You ) 한국안전학회(구-한국산업안전학회) 2012 한국안전학회지 Vol.27 No.1

The objective of this study is to compare on the occupational injury rate and mortality rate of all workers and foreign workers. By doing so, this study seeks to find out the improvements necessary to secure the basic safety net for foreign workers, as well as to find out the legal and institutional measures in place to make timely political intervention and protect the health of foreign workers. The status of foreign workers in Korea, their employment trends by industries, and occupational accident types and scales of Korean and foreign workers were analyzed from 2005 to 2009. Each year, foreign workers` occupational injury rate was much lower than Korea`s overall occupational injury rate. But when analyzed by industry, occupational injury rate (death rate per 10,000 workers) of manufacturing industry was about 2 to 5 times higher than the overall occupational injury rate in Korea. Also, construction industry showed 3 to 16 times higher rate than the rate of overall industries. Although the death rate per 10,000 workers showed a declining yearly trend, foreign workers` occupational injury rate has the tendency to increase gradually. In particular, occupational injury rates and death rates per 10,000 workers were considerably high in the manufacturing and construction industries

일부 진동작업 종사 근로자의 진동노출 수준 평가

김갑배(Kim, Kab-Bae),정은교(Chung, Eun-Kyo),유기호(You, Ki-Ho),장재길(Jang, Jae-Kil) 한국소음진동공학회 2012 한국소음진동공학회 논문집 Vol.22 No.10

In Korea, researches on the exposure assessment of the hand-transmitted vibration started from the mid-90, however, they were performed in the limited industries such as auto-assembly plants and the evaluation of the vibration was mostly conducted by ISO 5349(1986). Therefore, it was necessary to assess hand-transmitted vibration levels of workplace such as ship building/repairing industry or mining industry where occupational injuries are largely occurred and to evaluate the vibration levels using revised ISO 5349(2001). The SVAN 948 Four Channels Sound & Vibration Analyser was used for the measurement. The workers using a chain saw were exposed to 1.7~2.8 $m/s^2$ of daily vibration level. Workers using a rock drill in a coal mining were exposed to the highest vibration acceleration among workers and the levels were 7.1~10.8 $m/s^2$. Vibration levels of grinders were different according to the types of grinders. The hand-transmitted vibration of 3 types of grinders were measured and the levels were 3.3~11.1 $m/s^2$. Workers using a impact wrench were exposed to 1.5~1.6 $m/s^2$ of vibration. Out of 20 kinds of machines, only 4 tools provided the information of vibration acceleration on the instructions. In addition, the current condition of workplace to control vibration was not much different from the past because there are no vibration exposure limit.

반도체 제조 근로자의 극저주파 자기장 노출 평가

정은교 ( Eun Kyo Chung ),김갑배 ( Kab Bae Kim ),정광재 ( Kwang Jae Chung ),이인섭 ( In Seop Lee ),유기호 ( Ki Ho You ),박정선 ( Jung Sun Park ) 한국산업위생학회 2012 한국산업보건학회지 Vol.22 No.1

Objectives: To compare the exposure level of extremely low frequency (ELF) magnetic fields among semiconductor workers, shipyard welders and office workers. Methods: To measure the ELF magnetic field concentration, EMDEX LITE (Enertech, USA) were used and monitored for eight hours continuously. Five companies handling the electric and magnetic field (EMF) source were investigated, which the exposure groups were classified into three groups: semiconductor workers, welders, and office workers. Welder group was chosen as a high exposed group and office group as a low exposed group. Results: The arithmetic mean (± SD) and geometric mean (GSD) of personal exposure level of semiconductor workers were 0.73 (± 1.33) μT, 0.43 (2.88) μT, respectively. The ceiling value ranged between 0.18 and 123.2 μT. Welders were exposed high with the arithmetic mean value of 3.46 (± 13.46) μT and geometric mean value of 0.45 (4.70) μT, respectively, and ceiling value range of 75.5~129.6 μT. The exposure levels of office workers were low compared to other exposed groups; the arithmetic mean 0.05 (± 0.13) μT, geometric mean 0.03 (2.38) μT and ceiling value range 0.37~3.35 μT. This study revealed statistically significant differences of the mean ELF magnetic field exposure doses among three groups (p < 0.01). Conclusions: The average ELF magnetic field exposure doses of semiconductor workers were much higher than those of office workers in control group, but were lower than those of welders in high exposure group.

자동차 프레스 공정에 있어서 직무 및 누적소음기 설정치 차이에 따른 작업자의 소음노출 평가

정지연,박승현,이광용,이나루,유기호,박정선,정호근 한국산업위생학회 2001 한국산업보건학회지 Vol.11 No.3

Noise-induced hearing loss(NIHL) was the highest rate(43.5%∼58.5% from 1996 to 1998) of positive findings through specific medical program in Korea. There were much more NIHL at workers of automobile manufacturing factories than other manufacturing factories. The specific aim of the present study was to determine the noise exposure of automobile press lines, according to their job titles, press line types(auto, semiauto), dosimeter parameters setting. There were a total 11 press lines sampled at a automobile manufacturing company. Among those press lines, 10 press lines were autolines with acoustic enclosure, one semiauto press line was no aucostic enclosure Noise exposure data were sampled for an work shift using noise dosimeter, which recorded both time-weighted average(TWA) and 1-min average. The mean OSHA TWA(Korea TWA with threshold 90) was 80.7 ㏈(A) ±4.7 ㏈(A) for leader, 82.8 ㏈(A) ±4.5 ㏈(A) for pallette man. 76.7 ㏈(A) ±4.3 ㏈(A) for press operators, 76.6 ㏈(A) ±5.6 ㏈(A) for crane operators, 77.1 ㏈(A) ±2.8 ㏈(A) for forklift drivers, whereas the mean NIOSH TWA was 88.9 ㏈(A) ± 1.7㏈(A) for leader, 89.6 ㏈(A) ±21.㏈(A) for pallette man, 86.7㏈(A) ±1.8㏈(A) for press operators, 88.5 ㏈(A) ±2.0 ㏈(A) for crane operators, 87.7 ㏈(A) ±1.0 ㏈(A) for forklift drivers. While L10 for NIOSH TWA samples was 84.8 ㏈(A) ∼ 87.3 ㏈(A), L10 for OSHA TWA samples was 69.5 ㏈(A) ∼ 77.4 ㏈(A). L10 means that the TWA for 90% of the samples exceeded L10. Among OSHA TWA(Korea TWA with threshold 90) samples for pallette man, 7.7 % exceeded 90 ㏈(A), the OSHA permissible exposure level, but OSHA TWA samples for the other job titles didn't. Among NIOSH TWA samples, the samples over 85 ㏈(A), the NIOSH recommended exposure limit, was 100%(leaders), 83.3 %(operators), 97.4%(pallette man), 100%(forklift drivers), 91.7 %(crane operator). The results of One-way random effects analysis of variance models shows that the difference between job titles was significant by OSHA TWA(p<0.05), but not significant by NIOSH TWA(p>0.05). NIOSH TWA samples were significantly higher than OSHA TWA samples(P<0.05). Regression analysis was used to obtain relationships between OSHA TWA samples and NIOSH TWA samples. In this case the coefficient of determination = 0.09, which shows the high degree association between two methods. Regression equation, NIOSH TWA = 0.552 * OSHA TWA + 42.13 ㏈(A), shows that if OSHA TWA is known, NIOSH TWA can be predicted by the equation. The mean TWA difference between threshold 80dBA and 90dBA was significant(p<0.01). While the TWA noise exposures were 7.7% above the Korea(OSHA) PEL, they were more than 83.3% over NIOSH REL. Automobile workers were exposed to noise level that could be potentially damaging to their hearing. It found that their approximately 25% excess risk of hearing loss even if a worker is protected to the PEL in according to NIOSH study. So these data demonstrate the need of engineering control for noise reduction of press line and comprehensive hearing conservation programs for whole workers(press operator, crane operator, forklift driver). The Noise measurement criteria of Korea has no definition about threshold value. So I suggest that we should set the threshold set the threshold value by law.

경인지역 일부 5인미만 사업장 근로자의 작업환경실태와 관리대책

김대식,노영만,김현욱,정춘화,유기호 한국산업위생학회 2001 한국산업보건학회지 Vol.11 No.3

This study was performed to identify the current status of work environment management and to provide appropriate recommendations for small scale industry with less than 5 workers from September, 2002 to October, 2000 in Seoul city and Gyoung-gi province. The 211 companies were surveyed by checklist included the lements of management of work environment, hazardous chemicals, MSDS, personal protective equipment, and ventilation system. The proportion of metal products manufacturing and printing industries are 25.6 % and 22.3 % respectively, The daily working hours in printing industry is longer than others. The industries that produce potentially hazardous agents, such as noise, dust, metal, organic solvents, radiation and chemical material are pulp, plating, machinery, and printing, respectively. In above industries, only 2.8% of those recognised and had MSDS. The proportion of companies providing fire extinguishers, safety showers are found to be 13.3 %, 7.1 %, respectively. Only 24.2 % of companies provided personal protective equipment to the workers. The ventilation system was operated in most of companies. But local exhaust ventilation system is provided to 223. % of those, also had not been annually inspected. This study showed that the current status of occupational safety and health was not appropriate for workers in small scale industries. It is suggested that annual physicla examination have to be performed, MSDS usage must become widespread, and employer and emplyees in small scale industry should be educated for the treament and storage of hazardous chemicals to improve the occuaptional safety and health of the working environment. also, regulatory standard has to be apllied to local exhaust ventilation system in small scale industry to improve the working conditon.

폐암 발생 용접공의 유해물질 노출 평가 및 폐암 원인에 관한 고찰

신용철,박정선,최정근,이나루,이광용,권은혜,정호근,박승현,이용학,유기호 한국산업위생학회 2000 한국산업보건학회지 Vol.10 No.1

The purpose of this case study is to report a case of lung cancer with exposure to welding fumes of welders in Korea and to demonstrate the causal relationship with exposure to welding fumes, especially with nickel and hexavalent chromium. The case is 47 years old, and had been engaged in welding, gas cutting, grinding and goosing on mild, stainless steel and nickel steel for 11 years from 1982 to 1993, and have been engaged in cleaning steel rollers with a cleaning oil in the same work shop since 1993. The level of welding fume exceeded the occupational exposure limit of 5㎎/㎥ established by the Korean Ministry of Labor and American Conference of Government Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH). Especially, detectable hexavalent chromium and nickel was generated during welding, gousing on stainless and nickel steel. However, there was no ventilation systems(local and dilution) and no personal protection. There is several evidence that the past (1983-1993) exposure would be higher than the present. In conclusion, the lung case could be associated with his task including welding, gousing, and this association could be attributed to carcinogenic potential of the nickel and chromium in the fume.