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친환경 비스무스 필름 전극을 이용한 중금속 분석 최적조건 도출 및 현장 적용성 평가
김소연(So Youn Kim),양용운(Yong Woon Yang),전숙례(Sook Lye Jeon) 大韓環境工學會 2011 대한환경공학회지 Vol.33 No.2
본 연구는 실험실 조건에서 비스무스 필름 전극(Bismuth film Electrode)을 사용한 양극산화벗김분석법(Anodic Stripping Voltammetry)에서 비스무스의 첨가 농도와 적정 전해질을 선택하여 최적 조건을 산출하고 최적조건을 기반으로 현장에서 중금속 모니터링 가능 여부를 확인하고자하였다. 비스무스(Bi)와 혼합중금속(Pb, Cd, Zn) 실험을 통해 정확한 중금속의 측정을 위해서는 측정하고자 하는 중금속보다 1:1 이상의 비스무스가 첨가되어야 하는 것으로 나타났다. 전해질 테스트에서는 0.1 M acetate buffer (pH 4.5), 0.1 M chloroacetate buffer (pH 2.0), 0.1 M HCl (pH 2.0), 0.1 M HNO₃ (pH 2.0) 중 0.1 M acetate buffer가 비스무스 필름전극을 이용한 중금속 분석에 적용 가능한 것으로 나타났다. 현장 적용시, 중금속 표준용액 100 ppb 첨가 테스트 결과 Pb은 36~45 ppb, Cd는 84~91 ppb, Zn은 90~98 ppb가 측정되었다. 첨가한 중금속보다 낮은 농도로 중금속이 측정되는 것은 현장수 매질 효과에 의한 것으로 파악되었으며, 추후 현장수 매질과 중금속 측정의 상관관계에 대한 연구가 진행될 예정이다. This study was conducted to establish the optimal electrolyte and bismuth concentrations using bismuth film electrode in laboratory and to confirm the possibilities of using this operational condition for heavy metals monitoring in field. In lab test, heavy metal measurement was not accurate more than 600 ppb when heavy metal (Pb, Cd, Zn) range 100~1,000 ppb was measured with bismuth 2,000 ppb. So, bismuth and heavy metal was reacted about 1:1 with ASV method. In electrolyte test, 0.1 M acetate buffer (pH 4.5), 0.1 M chloroacetate buffer (pH 2.0), 0.1 M HCl (pH 2.0), 0.1 M HNO₃ (pH 2.0) was tested. As a results, 0.1 M acetate buffer was most suitable in ASV measurement with bismuth film electrode. In field application, Pb, Cd and Zn was measured respectively 36~45 ppb, 84~91 ppb, 90~98 ppb when heavy metal (Pb, Cd, Zn) 100 ppb was spiked in field sample. These results were identified of matrix effect in field sample, So relationship between heavy metal measurement and matrix effects will be studied.
호기성 미생물을 이용한 음폐수의 처리 및 자원화에 관한 연구
강보미(Bo Mi Kang),황현욱(Hyeon Uk Hwang),김지훈(Ji Hoon Kim),양용운(Yong Woon Yang),김영주(Young Ju Kim) 大韓環境工學會 2011 대한환경공학회지 Vol.33 No.1
본 연구는 호기성 미생물에 의한 음폐수의 소멸화에 따른 감량화 특성을 확인하고 더 나아가 퇴비화로서의 가능성을 평가하고자 하였다. 이에 호기성 반응조에 유기성 액상음식폐기물과 호기·호열·호산으로 알려진 미생물 제재를 이용하여 음폐수의 소멸화 및 감량화 실험을 하였다. 그 결과 액상 음식 폐기물의 반복적인 투입에도 불구하고 반응조 내의 무게 감량률은 점차 증가하여 43일에 87.3%의 감량 효과가 나타났다. 9일 이후에 pH 3.7~3.9, 강열감량 88.7~87.3% 및 유기물 함량 77.6~80.9%로 나타났다. C/N비는 8일째부터 비료기준인 25 이하로 13~15사이를 유지하였고, 염분 함량은 2% 미만이었다. 또한 중금속은 기준치 보다 훨씬 낮은 농도로 검출되었다. This test established the bioavailability and sample input by mixing the maintaining the microbial machine parts and food waste leachates in weight of 2:1 as advanced experiment, maintaining the constant temperature, agitating and observing its weight and property change for 60 hours. And, I injected daily the established microbial machine parts and food waste leachates rate, maintained the temperature in the reactor with 55~65℃, and agitated with constant speed. I studied the recycling possibility of food waste leachates by extracting the sample after 24 hours, verifying its characteristics, and repeating the food waste leachates input and sample extraction for about 40 days. Considering all about the results of this study, I saw that 87.32% of food waste leachates was reduced, and the solid of bluebug or food included in the food waste leachates was decomposed within 24 hrs. pH for 43 days after 9 days of stabilization period was maintained from 3.7~3.9 and the ignition loss from 88.67~87.3%, and the quantity of organic matter from 77.6~80.88%. With the similar result daily maintained, it is considered to progress more the minimization by inputting the future food waste leachates. C/N rate satisfies the less than 25 that is the composting basis within 8 days, maintaining between 13~15, with 2% of salt not exceeded, it is able to recycle as the compost of food waste leachates as based on the composting with no extracted heavy metal content.
동해안 4개 석호의 수질과 식물플랑크톤 계절별 변화에 관한 연구
문병렬 ( Byeong Ryeol Moon ),전현진,전숙례 ( Sook Lye Jeon ),이재선 ( Jae Sun Lee ),신지은 ( Ji Eun Shin ),안지혜 ( Ji Hye Ahn ),양용운 ( Yong Woon Yang ),현문식 ( Moon Sik Hyun ),김미아 ( Mia Kim ) 한국환경과학회 2015 한국환경과학회지 Vol.24 No.9
The seasonal variation of phytoplankton communities and its standing crops in accordance with environmental factors were investigated at Yeongrang-ho, Cheongcho-ho, Mae-ho and Hyang-ho which are located in the East coast of Korea during April to October 2011. High concentrations of T-N and T-P were observed in four lagoons due to the inflowing nutrients from farmlands and residential areas near lagoons. Nutrient salts mainly composed of nitrogen and phosphate caused the eutrophication of the lakes, leading to the robust growth of phytoplankton. During the period of investigation, 64 to 107 taxa of phytoplankton were observed in four lagoons. Diatoms were the most dominant species with high density. Non-point pollution source was estimated as the main cause of water pollution of lagoons. Trophic states of lagoons evaluated using the value of TSI and TSIKO indicated that all the investigated lagoons were in the eutrophication state.
혐기-무산소-호기공정에 의한 도시하수의 질소·인제거에 관한 연구
양용운,김재현 啓明專門大學 産業開發硏究所 1999 啓明硏究論叢 Vol.17 No.2
본 연구는 질소와 인을 동시에 제거할 수 있는 생물학적 질소-인제거 공정인 혐기-무산소-호기공정을 산업폐수가 포함된 도시하수에 적용한 경우의 유기물 및 질소·인의 제거특성에 대하여 조사하였다. 원수의 특성은 유기물의 농도가 CODCr 120∼230mg/ι로 평균 178mg/ι을 나타내었으나 무기성 탄소원의 농도가 매우 높았으며 이에 따라 생물학적 제거 가능한 유기물의 비율은 낮아 충분한 질산화와 탈질화가 이루어지지 않았다. CODCr/NH_(3)-N이 평균 10이상으로 높았지만 무기성 탄소원이 높아 탈질에 필요한 추가적인 에너지원의 투입을 고려해야 하며, 또한 alkalinity/NH_(3)-N의 비가 2.3정도로 낮게 나타나 완전한 질산화를 위해서는 alkalinity의 공급이 필요한 것으로 조사되었다. 유기물에 대한 평균 제거율은 BOD 84%, CODCr 53%를 나타내었으며, NH_(3)-N의 제거율은 평균 76%이었고 T-N의 제거율은 60%이었다. 그리고 T-P 제거율은 50%정도를 나타내었다. The anaerobic-anoxic-aerobic process was used for biological nitrogen and phosphorus removal of municipal sewage. The CODCr concentration of municipal sewage was 120∼230mg/ι and its average CODCr concentration was 178mg/ι. But because of the high inorganic concentration of municipal sewage, the biological nitrification and denitrification were not accomplished successfully. The alkalinity/NH_(3)-N was 2.3 and under those conditions the additional carbon source and lime should be added The removal efficiency BOD and CODCr were 84% and 53% respectively. The removal efficiencies T-N and T-P were 60% and 50% respectively.