http://chineseinput.net/에서 pinyin(병음)방식으로 중국어를 변환할 수 있습니다.
변환된 중국어를 복사하여 사용하시면 됩니다.
마음챙김이 보상공정성인식과 영업성과 간의 관계에 미치는 조절효과
신갑식,박호환,백양숙 피터드러커 소사이어티 2019 창조와 혁신 Vol.12 No.4
The purpose of this study was to verify the moderation effects of mindfulness between perceived compensation justice and sales performance. 215 data were analyzed based on a survey of salespeople with more than two years of experience in automobile companies. Because this study was conducted for the general people, it was measured by Brown & Ryan (2003) 's mindful attention awareness scale(MAAS), which consists of a single factor that measures attention and awareness. The study found that the perceived compensation justice had a positive effect on the sales performance(β=0.15, p<0.05), and that the effect of the perceived compensation justice on the sales performance was verified to be moderated by the mindfulness(β=-0.21, p<0.01). First, the group with high mindfulness had higher sales performance than the group with low mindfulness. In the group with high mindfulness, the difference in sales performance according to the level of perceived compensation justice was not statistically significant(p>0.05). On the other hand, the group with low mindfulness had different sales performances according to the level of perceived compensation justice(p<0.01). This result has a practical implication that organizations have an alternative to the limitations of perception based on salespeople’s value and a compensation system that cannot be completely impartial. 본 연구는 마음챙김이 보상공정성인식과 영업성과 간의 관계에 미치는 조절효과를 검증하고자 하였다. 이를 위해 자동차영업 경력이 2년 이상인 영업사원을 대상으로 조사한 자료 215건을 분석하였다. 일반인을 대상으로 하였기 때문에 주의기울임과 알아차림을 측정하는 단일요인으로 구성된 Brown & Ryan(2003)의MAAS(mindful attention awareness scale)로 측정하였다. 연구결과, 보상공정성인식은 영업성과에 정(+)적으로 영향을 미쳤고(β=0.15, p<0.05), 보상공정성인식이 영업성과에 미치는 영향은 마음챙김에 의해 조절되는 것으로 검증되었다(β=-0.21, p<0.01). 먼저 마음챙김이 높은 집단은 마음챙김이 낮은 집단 보다 영업성과가 높았다. 마음챙김이 높은 집단은 보상공정성인식의 수준에 따른 영업성과의 차이는 통계적으로 유의하지 않았다(p>0.05). 반면에 마음챙김이 낮은 집단은 보상공정성인식의 수준에 따라 영업성과가 달라졌는데 보상공정성인식이 낮은경우 영업성과가 낮았고, 보상공정성인식이 높은 경우 영업성과가 높았고 이 차이는 통계적으로 유의했다(p<0.01). 이 결과는 완벽하게 공정할 수 없는 조직의 보상체계와 개인의 가치관에 따른 인식의 한계를 보완할 수 있는 대안으로 마음챙김을활용할 수 있음을 시사한다.
살균제 Tolclofos-methyl의 화학적 처리에 의한 분해
신갑식 ( Kab Sik Shin ),전영환 ( Young Hwan Jeon ),김효영 ( Hyo Young Kim ),황정인 ( Jung In Hwang ),이상만 ( Sang Man Lee ),신재호 ( Jae Ho Shin ),김장억 ( Jang Eok Kim ) 한국환경농학회 2010 한국환경농학회지 Vol.29 No.4
Tolclofos-methyl is one of the most widely used organophosphorous pesticides in control of soil-borne diseases in ginseng field. In Korea, residues of tolclofosmethyl in ginseng and cultivation soil is quite often detecting. The objective of this study was to know the possibility for the accelerated degradation of tolclofos-methyl by various chemical treatment under soil slurry condition. The degradation of tolclofos-methyl was accelerated by zerovalent metals treatment in soil slurry. The degradation rate of tolclofos-methyl was found to be at higher zerovalent zinc than unannealed zerovalent and annealed zerovalent iron. The effect of different sizes of zerovalent iron on tolclofos-methyl degradation was showed that the smaller size of zerovalent iron, the greater the degradation rate. In aqueous solution of pH 4.0 below the degradation rate of tolclofos-methyl was very high. Under this experimental condition, tolclofos-methyl degradation was the greatest at 2% (w/v) of ZVI under 0.1 N of HCl in 24 hours, the degradation rate was 94.4%. By testing various chemicals, it was found that Fe2(SO4)3 as iron source showed better for degrading tolclofos-methyl in H2O2 500 mM treatment and sodium sulfite also showed the degradable possibility tolclofos-methyl in soil slurry.
Sphingomonas sp.224 균주에 의한 살균제 Tolclofos-methyl의 분해
곽윤영 ( Yun Young Kwak ),신갑식 ( Kab Sik Shin ),이상만 ( Sang Man Lee ),김장억 ( Jang Eok Kim ),이인구 ( In Koo Rhee ),신재호 ( Jae Ho Shin ) 한국환경농학회 2010 한국환경농학회지 Vol.29 No.4
In order to decrease level of an organopho-sphorus fungicide, tolclofos-methyl, from in situ ginseng cultivating soil, we isolated a tolclofos-methyl degrading bacteria from ginseng cultivating soil samples. The bacterial strain removed tolclofos-methyl around 95% after 3 days incubation with complete liquid media. The strain was identified as Sphingomonas sp. by 16S rDNA sequence comparison, and designated as Sphingomonas sp. 224. Through the GC-MS analysis, Sphingomonas sp. 224 was proposed to have an initiative degradation pathway generating the metabolite such as 2,6-dichloro-4-methyl phenol compound from tolclofos-methyl. In addition, Sphingomonas sp. 224 was confirmed representing the effective degrading capability to tolclofos-methyl in situ soil.
연구보문 : 환경화학 ; 한약재 진피에 대한 유기인계 살충제의 잠정 MRL 설정 및 안전사용기준 제안
이주희 ( Ju Hee Lee ),신갑식 ( Kab Sik Shin ),전영환 ( Young Hwan Jeon ),김효영 ( Hyo Young Kim ),황정인 ( Jeong In Hwang ),이병희 ( Byung Hee Lee ),강인호 ( In Hoo Kang ),강신정 ( Shin Jung Kang ),김태화 ( Tae Hwa Kim ),김장억 ( 한국환경농학회 2010 한국환경농학회지 Vol.29 No.1
Jinpi(Aurantii nobilis Pericarpium) is one of the most important material of oriental herbal medicine which is made from the peel of mandarin by washing with hot water and drying. Pesticides have necessarily used for mandarin cultivation according to their preharvest intervals (PHIs) but their maximum residue limits (MRLs) and PHIs for Jinpi are not established yet. This study is to know residue amount of organophosphorus insecticides in Jinpi and to establish the MRLs and PHIs for fenitrothion and phenthoate in Jinpi. Fenitrothion was sprayed once, twice and three times with 7 days interval before harvest. Its residue amount ranged from 0.14 to 1.17 mg/kg in mandarin, 0.59 to 4.02 mg/kg in its peel and 1.66 to 22.38 mg/kg in Jinpi. In case of phenthoate, it was sprayed with 10 days interval for 10 days before harvest. Its residue amounts in mandarin, its peel, and Jinpi ranged from 0.16 to 0.65, 0.69 to 2.41 and 1.69 to 11.3 mg/kg, repectively. Proposed MRLs of fenitrothion and phenthoate for Jinpi are suggested to 22.39 and 11.30 mg/kg, respectively. So we recommend PHIs of the pesticides that fenitrothion can be sprayed 3 times 7 days before harvest and in case of phenthoate, sprayed 3 times 10 days before harvest.
살충제 Cypermethrin 및 살균제 Diethofencarb의 살포방법에 따른 인삼 중 잔류
이주희 ( Ju Hee Lee ),김영환 ( Young Hwan Kim ),전영환 ( Young Hwan Jeon ),신갑식 ( Kab Sik Shin ),김효영 ( Hyo Young Kim ),김태화 ( Tae Hwa Kim ),박찬 ( Chan Park ),유용만 ( Yong Man Yu ),김장억 ( Jang Eok Kim ) 韓國環境農學會 2009 한국환경농학회지 Vol.28 No.4
인삼의 잔류량 조사결과 높은 부적합 율을 보이는 살충제 cypermethrin과 살균제 diethofencarb의 부적합의 원인을 규명하기 위하여 농약의 살포방법을 다르게 하여 실제 인삼재배 포장에서 사용하는 방법대로 안전사용기준을 준수하여 살포하고 그 잔류량을 인삼의 부위별로 분석하여 안전성 정도를 평가하였다. 뇌두부위에서 cypermethrin의 잔류량은 관행 처리에서 평균 1.14 mg/kg, 토양 처리에서 평균 0.20mg/kg 그리고 랩 처리에서 0.31 mg/kg으로 나타났다. 몸통 부위에서 cypermethrin의 잔류량은 관행 처리에서 평균 0.10 mg/kg, 토양 처리에서 평균 0.05 mg/kg이였으며 랩처리에서는 검출한계 이하로 나타났다. Cypermethrin의 잔류량을 인삼 전체로 나타내면 관행 처리에서 평균 0.25mg/kg, 토양 처리에서 0.07 mg/kg 그리고 랩 처리에서 0.04 mg/kg으로 나타나 관행 처리구에서는 인삼에 대한 cypermethrin의 MRL 0.1 mg/kg을 초과하여 안전사용기준이 적합하지 않음을 알 수 있었다. Diethofencarb의 경우 인삼 전체에 대한 잔류량으로 나타내면 관행 처리에서 평균 3.01 mg/kg, 토양 처리에서 0.92 mg/kg 그리고 랩 처리에서 0.89 mg/kg으로 나타나 모든 처리구에서 인삼에 대한 MRL 0.3 mg/kg을 초과하여 안전사용기준이 적합하지 않는 것으로 나타났다. This study is conducted in order to know the residue patterns of insecticide cypermethrin and fungicide diethofencarb in ginseng sprayed by various application methods. Two pesticides were sprayed separately on ginseng using traditional, soil and vinyl mulching applications. The vinyl mulching application was that head part of ginseng protected from pesticides. When cypermethrin was sprayed on ginseng by traditional application, its residue amount in ginseng was 0.25 mg/kg which exceeded 0.1 mg/kg, maximum residue limit(MRL) established by Korea Food & Drug Administration(KFDA). But in case of vinyl mulching and soil application, its residue amounts were 0.04 and 0.07 mg/kg, respectively. The residue amount of diethofencarb in ginseng was 3.01 mg/kg which exceeded the MRL, 0.3 mg/kg. Further, in case of vinyl mulching and soil application, its residue amounts were 1.71 and 9.39 mg/kg which exceeded the MRL 0.3 mg/kg. Although the residue amounts of both pesticides exceeded the MRLs for ginseng, we can explain that pesticides remained in head part of ginseng is probably the reason why higher pesticides residue levels were observed.
이주희 ( Ju Hee Lee ),전영환 ( Young Hwan Jeon ),신갑식 ( Kab Sik Shin ),김효영 ( Hyo Young Kim ),박은정 ( Eun Jeong Park ),김태화 ( Tae Hwa Kim ),김장억 ( Jang Eok Kim ) 韓國環境農學會 2009 한국환경농학회지 Vol.28 No.4
살균제 pyrimethanil, chlorothalonil 및 tetraconazole의 참외 중 반감기와 잔류양상을 조사하였다. Pyrimethanil의 참외 중 0일차 잔류량은 기준량 및 배량 처리구에서 각각 0.16 mg/kg 및 0.28 mg/kg으로 나타났으며 농약의 분해 곡선식은 y=0.1402e(-0.0621x) 및 y=0.2727e(-0.0687x)이었고, 반감일은 각각 11.2일과 10.1일이었다. Chlorothalonil의 참외중 0일차 잔류량은 기준량 및 배량 처리구에서 각각 0.06 mg/kg 및 0.11 mg/kg으로 나타났으며 농약의 소실곡선식은 y=0.0509e(-0.202x) 및 y=0.1149e(-0.1053x)이었고, 반감일은 각각 3.4일과 6.6일 이었다. Tetraconazole의 참외 중 0일차 잔류량은 기준량 및 배량 처리구에서 각각 0.14 mg/kg 및 0.22 mg/kg으로 나타났으며 농약의 소실곡선식은 y=0.1389e(-0.0719x) 및 y=0.2159e(-0.0375x)이었고, 반감일은 9.6일과 18.5일 이었다. 재배기간 중 참외의 무게증가에 농약희석효과를 배제한 절대 잔류농도는 약제 살포 후 14일 경과 시 pyrimethanil은 기준량 및 배량에서 각각 56.3% 및 50.0%의 농약이 분해되었다. Chlorothalonil은 50.0% 및 27.3%, tetraconazole은 기준량 및 배량에서 각각 42.9% 및 81.8% 정도의 농약 분해율을 보였다. This study was conducted to know the biological half-lives and dissipation patterns of fungicides, pyrimethanil, chlorothalonil and tetraconazole in Korean melon under green house condition. The instrument for analyzing pyrimethanil and chlorothalonil was HPLC equipped with UV detector. Initial residue amounts of pyrimethanil were 0.16 mg/kg at recommended rate and 0.28 mg/kg at double recommended rate in Korean melon. The biological half-lives of pyrimethanil were 11.2 days at recommended rate and 10.1 days at double recommended rate in Korean melon. In case of chlorothalonil, initial residue amounts of chlorothalonil were 0.06 mg/kg at recommended and 0.11 mg/kg at double recommended rate in Korean melon. The biological half-lives of chlorothalonil in Korean melon were 3.4 days at recommended rate and 6.6 days at double recommended rate. The instrument for analyzing tetraconazole was GLC equipped with electron capture detector. Initial residue amounts of tetraconazole were 0.14 mg/kg at recommended and 0.22 mg/kg at double recommended rate in Korean melon, respectively. The biological half-lives of tetraconazole were 9.6 days at recommended rate and 18.5 days at double recommended rate in Korean melon.