Poor Responder 환자에서 Clomiphene Citrate 주기와 Controlled Ovarian Hyperstimulation 주기의 체외수정 결과 비교

송지홍,궁미경,Song, Ji-Hong,Koong, Mi-Kyoung 대한생식의학회 1998 Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine Vol.25 No.3

The purpose of this study is compare IVF cycle outcome in poor responders between clomiphene citrate (CC) stimulated and controlled ovarian hyperstimulation (COH) protocol. A total of 94 patients responding poorly in previous IVF cycles (estradiol<600 pg/ml or less than 3 oocytes retrieved) subsequently underwent either COH (COH group: 122 cycles, 68 patients) or CC-stimulated cycles (CC group: 43 cycles, 26 patients). CC was administered for five consecutive days starting on cycle day 3 at a dose of 100 mg daily. Serial transvaginal ultrasound examination was done from cycle day 8. Urine was collected $3\sim4$ times before hCG injection for the detection of LH surge. The hCG was administered when serum estradiol reached greater than 150 pg/ml and mean follicle diameter>16 mm. In COH group, ovarian stimulation was done using short protocol (GnRH-a/FSH/HMG/hCG). No difference in age or number of transferred embryos was found between CC group and COH group. COH group had significantly (p<0.05) higher mean peak level of $E_2$ ($810{\pm}112$ vs $412{\pm}55$ pg/ml) and greater number of retrieved oocytes ($3.0{\pm}0.2$ vs $2.0{\pm}0.2$) than CC group. CC group had transferred embryos $(1.8{\pm}0.2)$ compared with $(2.1{\pm}0.2)$ in COH group. However, CC group had higher pregnancy rate than COH group per retrieval [26.9% (7/26) vs 6.2% (6/97)], or per transfer [31.8% (7/22) vs 7% (6/86)]. Although cycle cancellation rate in CC group (48.8%) was higher than that of COH group (21.3%), the pregnancy rate per cycle in CC group was still higher (16.3%) than COH group (4.9%). In addition, implantation rate in CC group was 17.5% (7/40), which was significantly (p<0.01) higher than 3.9% (7/180) in COH group. These data suggest that oocyte and embryo quality are lower in COH cycles of poor responders than CC cycles. We suggest that clomiphene citrate stimulated IVF cycle may be more efficient than COH IVF cycle in poor responders in terms of lower costs and higher pregnancy performance.

2014 컬러트렌드를 적용한 어린이 창의놀이공간 색채 제안

송지홍(Song, Ji hong) 한국전시산업융합연구원 2014 한국과학예술융합학회 Vol.17 No.-

창의발달은 아동교육에 있어 끊임없이 강조되어왔다. 이는 창의성이 미래사회의 인재가 갖추어야 할 필수적인 요소이기 때문이다. 아동에게 창의발달은 여러 형태로 이루어질 수 있는데, 특히 조형성을 포함한 색채 경험은 아동 창의발달과 상당한 연관성을 가진다. 발달단계의 아동에게 색채는 중요한 관심의 대상이며 아동은 색채경험을 통해서 인지발달, 감성발달, 창의발달이 증진될 수 있다. 이에 따라 본 연구에서는 색채와 아동의 창의발달의 연관성에 대한 연구를 선행하였다. 아동 창의발달과 색채 환경의 연결점은 기존의 질서를 재구성하고 새로운 방법으로 사고 할 수 있는 방법인 ‘확산적 사고’에 있었다. 어린이의 색채지각은 공감각적 특성을 가지며 색채에 대한 확산적 사고를 가능하게 하는데 이것이 ‘색채이미지’이다. 즉, 아동의 색채이미지는 창의성의 특성을 포함한다고 할 수 있다. 따라서 이러한 색채이미지를 통한 어린이 놀이 공간 색채 환경 조성은 어린이의 창의발달에 일조할 수 있다. 본 연구에서는 어린이 감성의 색채이미지를 어린이 놀이 공간 환경에 적용하기 위해서 2014 컬러트렌드의 컨셉을 차용하였다. 컬러트렌드는 광범위한 사회영역 전반을 토대로 예측된 컨셉과 색채이다. 컬러트렌드는 감성적이고 공감각적인 언어로 구성된 컨셉과 그에 적합한 색채로 구성되어 있기 때문에 본 연구자는 컬러트렌드의 컨셉이 색채에 대한 감성적이고 확장적인 사고로 이어질 수 있다고 판단하였다. 이에 따라 어린이 감성의 색채이미지에 따른 컬러트렌드 컨셉을 추출하여 그에 해당하는 색채를 분석하였다. 그 결과 컬러트렌드 컨셉의 색채를 어린이 색채이미지와 비교하였을 때 양측에서 나타나는 감성이미지가 매우 유사함을 알 수 있었다. 이는 컬러트렌드의 컨셉을 어린이 감성의 색채이미지에 접목시켜 활용할 수 있다는 것을 의미한다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 어린이 색채이미지에 해당하면서도 서로 다른 컬러트렌드의 컨셉과 색채를 융합하여 어린이 창의발달을 위한 색채 환경에 적용할 수 있는 색이미지를 제안하였다. Creativity development is constantly emphasized in juvenile education. The reason why the creativity of children is emphasized is that creativity becomes one of the most important requirements for future leaders. Kids Creativity development is enacted with various form of paly. Especially color experience has strong correlation with creativity development of children. Color is important interest of children in cognitive development stage and children can improve their awareness development, enrichment of sensitivity, creativity development. Therefore firstly we study relationship between color and kids creativity development. We first surveyed the correlation between children’ creativity and color environment. The linking point is “divergent thinking” that leads children to reconstruct the existing rule and think newly. Children’s color perception has multi-sensory characteristic and enable diffuse thinking on color, and this is “color image”. We find out the possibility that the characteristic of children sensibility on color image could be linked with the contemporary color trends concept. Color trends is the concept and color that is predicted based on the society at large. Because color trends consist of sensibility and multisensory concept with colors, we make a judgment that color-trend’s concept lead to divergent thinking of colors. For this reason, we extract the color trends concept based on color image from children’s sensibility and analyze it. And we find that the sensibility images from those two are very close. This implies that we can adapt color trend concept’s color into children’s color image and utilize it. Therefore we propose the color image which can be applied to the color environment for children’s creativity development by blending different color trends’ concepts and images.

아동 색채조형 놀이기구 디자인 제안

송지홍(Ji Hong Song),최경란(Kyung Ran Choi) 한국가구학회 2014 한국가구학회지 Vol.25 No.4

Color is an important subject of interest for cognitive developmental stages of children and it also correlate to emotional and physical development. Children can acquire concept of color by ‘play’. Color play can be experienced to children through diversity activity and theses activities contain creative craft art activity. The color-paly with art activity for kids can be called ‘kids color-design play’. Recently, indoor playgrounds are rapidly grow-up because parent’s concern degree that about play activity get higher. The indoor playground being enlargement and it contains various paly contents. Color-design play is also enacted animatedly in kids indoor playground. The great part of color-design plays are enacted through program that needs teaching. On the other hand, color-design play facility that children can play spontaneously is not composed sufficiently. Therefore this study aim at design proposal of ‘Kids color-design playground apparatus’ in indoor playground.

조형놀이를 통한 유아의 감성발달 특성 연구

송지홍 ( Ji Hong Song ),최경란 ( Kyung Ran Choi ) 한국기초조형학회 2015 기초조형학연구 Vol.16 No.1

현대 사회는 인간의 성공과 행복이 이성적인 지능만으로는 해결되지 않는다는 인식의 변화를 맞이하여 인간이 지닌 잠재력을 활용하고자 감성지능(EI)의 중요성을 강조하기 시작하였다. 조형놀이는 유아의 감성지능 발달과 깊은 연관성을 가진다. 본 연구에서는 조형놀이 놀잇감의 감성지능적 특성을 분석하고 이를 바탕으로 유아의 감성지능 발달을 위한 조형놀이 놀잇감의 방향을 탐색하고자 한다. 선행연구와 문헌연구를 통하여 감성지능(Emotional Intelligence)과 유아의 인지적, 사회·정서적 발달특성에 대해 살펴보았다. 그리고 조형놀이의 개념과 조형놀이의 구성요소, 놀이 유형을 살펴본 후, 조형놀이가 가지는 교육적 가치를 바탕으로 조형놀이의 감성지능적 특성을 추출하였다. 조형놀이의 감성지능적 특성을 중심으로 조형놀이의 두 가지 유형인 조작놀이와 구성놀이의 놀잇감을 분석하였다. 조형놀이의 두 가지 유형인 조작놀이와 구성놀이의 놀잇감이 가지는 감성지능적 특성을 분석한 결과 조작놀이 놀잇감은 형태, 색채, 질감에 대한 유아의 인지적 발달에 초점이 맞추어져 있었고 그에 비해 구성놀이 놀잇감은 형태, 색채, 질감의 조형적 요소를 통한 유아의 정서적 표현 활동이 활발히 일어날 수 있는 특성을 가지고 있었다. 구성놀이 놀잇감을 통한 유아의 정서적 표현은 유아의 정서인지를 촉진시킬 뿐 아니라 또래 친구와의 교류를 활성화시켜 대인관계기술을 향상시킨다. 유아의 조형놀이의 유형 중 형태, 색채, 질감의 요소를 활용한 구성 활동이 유아의 정서적 표현을 촉진시켜 감성지능 발달에 더욱 도움을 준다. 하지만 유아의 균형적 성장을 위해 조형놀이는 구성활동과 인지활동이 적절히 이루어져야 한다. Modern society has begun to emphasize the importance of emotional intelligence(EI) to encounter changes that human just happiness and success alone does not solve with the rational intelligence. Formative arts play has a close relationship with early childhood’s emotional intelligence development. In this study, analyzed the formative arts play-toy’s characteristics of emotional intelligence. Based on this, we explore the direction of the formative arts play-toy’s for emotional intelligence development of children. For the study, the first, through previous research and literature about emotional intelligence(EI) and children cognitive and socio-emotional development. The Second, we study about concept and element of formative arts play and organize type of formative arts play. After this study, we educe of formative arts paly’s Emotional Intelligence characteristics based on formative arts play’s educational value. Through this process we analyzed manipulatable play-toys and constructive play-toys that two types of formative arts play focused on formative arts play’s Emotional Intelligence characteristics. The results of analyze the manipulatable play-toys and constructive play-toys that two types of formative arts play, manipulatable play-toys are focused on cognitive development of children. On the other hand, constructive play-toys are focused on children’s emotional expression activity. Emotional expression activity encourage child’s emotion recognition and activate emotional exchanges with friends to improve interpersonal skills. The formative arts play with constructive play-toys are more help on Emotional Intelligence that are promotive of children’s emotional expression. But for children’s balanced growth, constructive play and manipulatable play should be done properly.

태아의 과립허파꽈리세포의 세포내 포함체의 발달

송지홍(Ji Hong Song),김대중(Dae Joong Kim),김성수(Sung Su Kim),김경용(Kyung Yong Kim),이원복(Won Bok Lee) 대한체질인류학회 1999 대한체질인류학회지 Vol.12 No.1

초기 발생중인 태령 제 9주부터 태령 제20주 사이의 태아 허파 7예에서 과립허파꽈리세포의 세포내 포함 체의 형성과 발달을 투과전자현미경으로 관찰하여 다음과 같은 경과를 얻었다. 1. 태령 제 9주에서 과립허파꽈리세포의 특징적 구조인 뭇층판소체가 출현하기 시작하였으며, 이 세포의 또 다른 특징인 다양한 세포내 포함 체들이 출현하였다. 2 세포내 포함 체는 세포질세망 뿐만 아니라 사립체, 핵막의 바깥 막과 연관되어있어 이곳에서 처음으로 형성되는 과정을 보였다. 3 세포내 포함 체들은 주로 몇 개씩 집단을 이루에 세포꼭대기 부위에 분포하였는데, 그 내용물에 따라 뭇층판소체와 세포질포함 체 과립포함 체, 뭇소포포함체 진한포함체 등으로 구분할 수 있었다. 그러나 태령 중반기에 가까워지면서 두 개 이상의 것이 합쳐진 복합적인 포함 체들이 점차 출현하였다. 이상의 결과를 요약하면 태아 허파에서 과립허파꽈리세포는 태령 제 9주 이전부터 형성되고, 뭇층판소체와 더불어 전구단계로 생각되는 4종류의 세포내 포함체가 관찰되었다. 이 세포내 포함 체들은 세포질세망 등의 구 조에서 처음 형성되지만 포함 체들의 융합 등 복합적인 과정을 거쳐 뭇층판소체가 형성되는 것으로 생각된다.

군집비행 기술을 활용한 무인항공 수질측정 시스템 개발

송지홍(Ji-hong Song),허성필(Sung-phil Heo) 한국통신학회 2018 韓國通信學會論文誌 Vol.43 No.2

습관성 유산환자에서 정맥내 면역글로불린 치료의 효과

송지홍(Ji Hong Song),백은찬(Eun Chan Paik),전종영(Jong Young Jun),강인수(Inn Soo Kang),노건웅(Keun Woong Noh),조동희(Dong Hee Cho) 대한산부인과학회 1998 Obstetrics & Gynecology Science Vol.41 No.11

N/A The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of intravenous immunoglobulin treatment for recurrent spontaneous abortion. Immunologic causes in either alloimmune or autoimmune type have been suggested for more than 80% of these patients. Various immunotherapy including paternal leukocyte transfusion has been used, but there is controversy on its efficacy and side-effects. The proposed immunomodulatory mechanism of intravenous immunoglobulin includes passive transfer of blocking or anti-idiotype antibody, blockade of Fc receptors, enhancement of supressor T-cell function, down regulation of B cell function. In this study, we used intravenous immunoglobulin for the prevention of spontaneous abortion. Five patients with a history of two or more spontaneous abortions were enrolled in this study. Other etiologic factors such as anatomical, chromosomal, hormonal factors were excluded. Three of them were positive for anti-cardiolipin antibody (ACA). When the pregnancy was diagnosed at about five weeks of gestation, 30 g intravenous immunoglobulin was administered and continued up to 28 weeks with three weeks. Ongoing pregnancy beyond 20 weeks was considered successful. Four among five patients (80%) was successful in maintaining pregnancy now ongoing 20, 31, 33, 39 weeks. One patient with ACA positive had abartion due to anembryonic pregnancy. No adverse reaction was observed during the treatment. From these preliminary data, it is suggested that intravenous immunoglobulin treatment may be effective in maintaining pregnancy in patients with unexplained recurrent spontaneous abortion, Further studies are needed to clarify the its immunomodulatory mechanism and establish a more simplified protocol limiting the use at certain critical period of time.

습관성유산 및 불임환자에서 자궁중격절제술 후 임신의 결과

송지홍(Ji Hong Song),유근재(Keun Jai Yoo),송인옥(In Ok Song),백은찬(Eun Chan Paik),최범채(Bum Chae Choi),손일표(Il Pyo Son),전종영(Jong Young Jun),박인서(In Sou Park),궁미경(Mi Kyoung Koong),강인수(In Soo Kang) 대한산부인과학회 1998 Obstetrics & Gynecology Science Vol.41 No.12

N/A Uterine anomalies have been reported in 4% of women with infertility and in up to 15% of those with recurrent abortion. One of the major intrauterine disorder associated with infertility and recurrent abortions is intrauterine septum, The reproductive outcome of 41 patients of intrauterine septum (7 complete, 34 incomplete) with repeated abortions or infertility was assessed after the uterine septotomy. 5 of 7 patients with comlete uterine septum undergone uterine septotomy (3; hysteroscopic metroplasty, 2; abdominal metroplasty) had total 6 pregnancies and all of them had live biths. 28 patients with incomplete uterine septum got the hysteroscopic intrauterine septotomy and the viable pregnancy rate was 62% (3 ongoing pregnancies, 13 live biths of total 26 pregnancies). 6 patients with incomplete uterine septum had not the operation and 5 patients had 5 live births after total 6 pregnancies with 1 spontaneus abortion. Even though, the number of cases were small, the live birth rate in the group of septotomy of the patients of complete uterine septum (100%, 6/6) was higher than that in the group of not-done (50%, 1/2). The live birth rate in the group of not-done of the patients with incomplete uterine septum (83%, 5/6) was higher than that in the group of hysteroscopic uterine septotomy (62%, 16/26), but 5 of 6 had short uterine septal length (<1 cm), 1 had 1.5 cm septal length in the group of not-done. All the patients with successful pregnancy outcome had no other co-factors at the diagnostic laparoscopy, but the 5 primary infertility patients with no live birth even after treatment (all were with incomplete septum; 3 undergone hysteroscopic septotomy, 2 not-done with one abortion) had other co-factors such as endometriosis, peritoneal or tubal facor. In conclusion, hysteroscopic uterine septotomy would be useful for the patients with habitutal abortion or infertility and more advanced managemnet protocols should be applied to the patients having other co-factors if there was no pregnancy even after the uterine septotomy.

난소과자극 증후근의 예측인자와 임상 양상에 관한 연구

송지홍(Ji Hong Song),유근재(Keun Jai Yoo),송인옥(In Ok Song),백은찬(Eun Chan Paik),최범채(Bum Chae Choi),궁미경(Mi Kyoung Koong),손일표(Il Pyo Son),전종영(Jong Young Jun),강인수(Inn Soo Kang),박인서(In Sou Park) 대한산부인과학회 1998 Obstetrics & Gynecology Science Vol.41 No.11

N/A Objeetive: Ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (OHSS) is one of the well known complication of conttolled ovarian hyperstimulation. Though there have been numerous protocols for the prevention of OHSS, it has not been completely preventable until now. This study was performed to identify clinical predictors for early and late OHSS. Methods: A retrospective analysis of all IVF cycles in 1993 up to June 1996 was performed. OHSS was diagnosed using the criteria of Rabau modified by Schenker. All cases of OHSS reported in this study presented with marked ovarian enlargement, ascites, oliguria, hemoconcentration and electrolyte disturbance. Ovarian stimulation was carried out using a combination of gonadotrophin releasing hormone-agonist, follicle-stimulation hormone and human menopausal gonadotrophin. 27 patients has moderate or severe OHSS presenting 3-7 days post-human chorionic gonadotrophin (hCG), and 21 patients had severe OHSS presenting 12-17 days post-hCG. Results: No patient with early OHSS went onto develop late OHSS, and no patient with late OHSS had demonstrated early OHSS. Logistic regression showed that early OHSS was predicted by the number of oocytes retrieved and the estradiol concentration on the day hCG injection (P<0.05). Late OHSS was predicted by the transferred embryos, B-hCG on 14 day after hCG injection (P<0.05). Conclusion: Early OHSS was an acute effect of the hCG administered prior to egg retrieval in women with high estradiol and large number of retrieved oocytes. Our analysis of the risk factors for early OHSS indicates that cryopreservation of all embryos will not alter the risk of early OHSS even though it should prevent late OHSS. Late OHSS was induced by the rising serum concentration of hCG produced by the early pregnancy, the number of transferred embryos must be adjusted carefully, since it was associated with multiple gestation.

불임환자의 착상기 자궁내막에서 leukemia inhibitory factor의 발현에 관한 연구

송인옥(In Ok Song),김계현(Kye Hyun Kim),유근재(Keun Jai Yoo),송지홍(Ji Hong Song),궁미경(Mi Kyoung Koong),전종영(Jong Young Jun),허영범(Young Bubm Huh),강인수(Inn Soo Kang) 대한산부인과학회 2001 Obstetrics & Gynecology Science Vol.44 No.5

N/A Objective : To determine the expression of endometrial leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF) in infertile women and to compare it with that of fertile women during the window of implantation. Methods : Endometrial biopsies were performed during the window of implantation from 10 normal fertile and 15 infertile women (5 unexplained infertility, 5 endometriosis and 5 tubal disease with hydrosalpinx). We performed immunohistochemistry using paraffin-embedded endometrial tissues. Results : In fertile and infertile women, the staining intensities of LIF in the glandular epithelium were significantly higher (p<0.01) than those of stromal cells. There was no significantly difference in the expression of LIF between the glandular epithelium of infertile women with endometriosis or hydrosalpinx and those of fertile women. However, the staining intensities of LIF in the glandular epithelium of unexplained infertility patients were significantly lower (P<0.01) than those in fertile women. The staining intensities of LIF in stromal cell of women with unexplained infertility, endometriosis and hydrosalpinx were similar to those in fertile women. Conclusions : This study demonstrated that the glandular epithelial cells are more important sites of LIF secretion than stromal cells. The expression of endometrial LIF may be decreased in women with unexplained infertility during the window of implantation. Therefore, this result suggest that abnormalities of LIF expression in infertile women may underlie endometrial dysfunction in the adhesive phase of implantation.