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손정미(Jeongmi Son) 호서고고학회 2022 호서고고학 Vol.- No.53
본고에서는 호서지역의 청동기~초기철기시대 환호를 대상으로 유형을 분류하고, 이를 통해 성격이나 변화상 등 특징에 대해 살펴보았다. 유형은 평면 부정형에 다중 열이면서 내부에 주거지가 존재하는 Ⅰ형과 평면 (타)원형에 단독 열이면서 내부가 공지이고 환호만 단독으로 축조되어 있는 Ⅱ형, Ⅱ형과 유사하지만 외부에 주거공간이 인접해 있는 Ⅲ형, 평면 타원형에 단독 열이면서 내부에 생활유구가 존재하는 Ⅳ형, Ⅳ형과 유사하지만 환호의 내부에 아무런 유구도 존재하지 않는 Ⅴ형 총 5가지가 확인된다. Ⅰ형은 환호를 기준으로 주거군이 분리되어 있어 환호가 취락 내에서 위계를 나타내는 수단으로 사용되었을 가능성이 있다. Ⅱ~Ⅴ형은 환호가 구릉 정상부를 감싸는 형태인 점, 환호로 구획된 공간이 공지이거나 내부에 소수의 주거지가 확인되는 점, 출입구의 존재 등으로 보아 의례적 성격이 강한 것으로 생각된다. 그러나 이 유형들은 규모에서 큰 차이를 보인다. 상대적으로 대규모인 Ⅳ·Ⅴ형의 축조에 더 많은 노동력이 투입되었을 것이며, 의례와 더불어 공동체적 의식을 다지기 위한 목적도 있었을 것으로 추측된다. 시기적으로 보면 호서지역에서는 청동기시대 전기의 이른 시기에 Ⅰ형이 최초로 등장하고, 그 다음으로 Ⅱ형과 Ⅲ형이 축조되다가 후기에 Ⅳ형이 새롭게 나타난다. 이후 초기철기시대가 되면 Ⅳ형과 Ⅴ형이 공존하며, Ⅱ·Ⅲ형은 더 이상 확인되지 않는다. 제의권 범위 추정 결과 Ⅲ형보다 Ⅱ형의 가시권에 포함되는 유적이 많기 때문에, Ⅱ형이 좀 더 많은 집단을 아우르는 공동의 장소였을 것이다. 그리고 Ⅳ형과 Ⅴ형은 크기 차이에도 불구하고 가시권에 포함되는 유적의 수가 동일하다. 따라서 상대적으로 규모가 큰 Ⅳ형이 더 넓은 지역공동체를 포괄하지 않았을 가능성도 있기 때문에 비슷한 규모의 공동체가 관리하던 환호일 수도 있다. This paper attempts to classify the types of ring ditches from the Bronze Age to the Early Iron Age in the region called Hoseo today. In addition, it examines their features and how they have been changed. A total of five types are identified: Type Ⅰ, which has multiple rows, a flat irregular shape, and residential areas inside; Type Ⅱ, which has a single row, a flat circle or oval shape, and a vacant lot inside, but only a ring ditch is constructed; Type Ⅲ, also similar to Type Ⅱ, which is adjacent to residential space outside; Type Ⅳ, which has a single row, a flat oval shape, and including living relics inside; Type Ⅴ, similar to Type Ⅵ, but no relics existed inside the ring ditch. Type Ⅰ has separated residential groups according to ring ditch. Therefore, it could guess that it was a means that indicates hierarchies within a village. In terms of Type Ⅱ~Ⅴ, they are strongly considered ceremonial uses because of the following reasons. First of all, their ring ditches surround the top of the hill. Secondly, places separated by ring ditches are a vacant lot or have a few habitations found inside of them. The last one is the presence of entrances to them. Despite the types having a lot in common, they also show significant differences in the scale. The Type Ⅳ·Ⅴ seems that more labour was put into its construction because of its relatively large scale compared to the Type Ⅱ·Ⅲ. Furthermore, it is presumed that it played a role not only in the ceremony but also in making their community strengthen. When it comes to time, in the Hoseo area, Type Ⅰ first appeared in the early period of the Bronze Age, then followed by Type Ⅱ and Type Ⅲ. Afterwards, Type Ⅳ newly appeared in the latter period. Eventually, in the Early Iron Age, Type Ⅳ and Type Ⅴ coexisted, and Type Ⅱ·Ⅲ has not been longer identified. Since the result that estimated the scope of ritual ceremony illustrates that there are a number of remains in the visible areas of Type Ⅱ rather than Type Ⅲ, Type Ⅱ would have been a communal place that encompassed much more groups. Moreover, the number of remains in the visible areas is the same in the case of Type Ⅳ and Type Ⅴ in spite of their scale difference. It could lead to the possibility that Type Ⅳ, relatively large, did not cover the wider community. Thus, the Type Ⅳ could be the ring ditch managed by a similar scale of community to the Type Ⅴ.
MICE산업 비영리 영역(NPO) 주최자에 관한 탐색적 연구
손정미 ( Jeong Mi Son ) 한국컨벤션학회 2010 MICE관광연구 Vol.10 No.3
This study is to redefine the concept and scope of nonprofit organization(NPO) organizers including association in MICE industry and examine the status of NPO organizers. The results showed that we have more than 28,000 NPO in nationwide and the number has been increased since 2003. And 65% of NPO which have been surveyed are shown that they have experience to host international meetings in last 5 years and 75% of them have a plan or intention to host international meetings in future. The most difficulties NPO organizers have includes the lack of supports from government, budget deficit and increased costs. The results suggests that it is necessary to recognize the importance of NPO organizers in MICE industry and establish effective and substantial support plan in terms of government and industry.
MICE산업 종사자의 직업전문성이 직무만족에 미치는 영향에 관한 연구
손정미 ( Jeong Mi Son ) (사)한국마이스관광학회(구 한국컨벤션학회) 2012 MICE관광연구 Vol.12 No.2
MICE industry depends for its success on employees, especially the one who is practicing professionally. The previous research has found that professionalism has positive impacts on job satisfaction and turnover intention. Thus this study aims to identify the relationship between professionalism and job satisfaction among MICE employees. To service this purpose, a study model and hypothesis have been developed based on previous researches on professionalism and job satisfaction. A survey of MICE employees has been conducted and a total of 256 questionnaires were utilized for analysis. For analysis, frequency, ANOVA, hierarchical multiple regression analysis were performed. The empirical analysis has revealed that the employees of convention bureau showed the highest professionalism and job satisfaction, while employees of event and travel agency showed the lowest level. Finally, among the variables of professionalism, “a sense of calling to the field” is found to have the highest impact on job satisfaction. The results showed that MICE industry needs more specialized training program to promote professionalism among employees. A further study on the professionalism of MICE employees considering demographic factors is required.