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Plasma와 MPUV를 이용한 선박평형수관리장치의 배출수에 대한 해양생태독성 및 생태위해성에 관한 연구
손명백 (M.-B. Shon),손민호(M.H. Son),이지현(J. Lee),이성욱(S.U. Lee),이재도(J.-D. Lee),문창호(C.H. Moon),김영수(Y.-S. Kim) 대한조선학회 2012 대한조선학회 학술대회자료집 Vol.2012 No.5
MPUV와 Plasma를 사용하여 선박평형수를 처리하는 ARA Plasma BWTS가 개발되었으며, 이로부터 방류되는 배출수가 해양생태계 미치는 영향을 파악하기 위하여 Skeletonema costatum, Tigriopus japonicus 및 Paralichthys olivaceus를 이용하여 배출수독성시험과 생성된 화학물질에 대한 생태위해성평가를 수행하였다. 34 psu 배출수는 P. olivaceus에 대하여 미약한 만성 독성영향을 보였다(7d-LC50= >100.00% 배출수, 7d-LC25=85.15% 배출수). 34 psu 배출수에서 Bromobenzene, chlorobenzene과 4-chlorotoluene이 해수의 배경농도보다 높게 검출되었다. MAMPEC을 이용한 Bromobenzene, chlorobenzene과 4-chlorotoluene의 PEC 산출결과는 각각 3.34E-03, 2.10E-03 및 1.73E-03 μg L-1이었고, PNEC는 1.6, 0.5 and 1.9 μg L-1였다. 세 화학물질의 PEC/PNEC 비율은 1을 초과하지 않았고, PBT 특성을 보이지 않았다. 따라서 WET test 결과와 생태 위해성평가결과는 ARA Plasma BWTS에 의하여 처리된 해수가 해양생태계에 수용 불가한 영향을 미치지 않을 것임을 시사하였다. In this study, WET (whole effluent toxicity) test with Skeletonema costatum, Tigriopus japonicus and Paralichthys olivaceus and ERA (ecological risk assessment) were conducted to assess the unacceptable effect on marine ecosystem by emitting the discharged water from 'ARA Plasma BWTS' BWMS (ballast water management system) using filtration, Plasma and MPUV module. 34 psu discharged water from ARA Plasma BWTS shown slight chronic toxicity effect on the P. olivaceus (7d-LC50= >100.00% discharged water, 7d-LC25=85.15% discharged water). Bromobenzene, chlorobenzene and 4-chlorotoluene in 34 psu discharged water from ARA Plasma BWTS were higher than in the background original content of seawater. The PECs (predictive environmental concentrations) of bromobenzene, chlorobenzene and 4-chlorotoluene calculated by MAMPEC (marine antifoulant model to predict environmental concentrations) program (ver. 3.0) were 3.34E-03, 2.10E-03 and 1.73E-03 μg L-1,respectively and PNECs (predicted no effect concentrations) of them were 1.6, 0.5 and 1.9 μg L-1. The PEC/PNEC ratio of bromobenzene, chlorobenzene and 4-chlorotoluene did not exceed one and 3 substances did not consider as persistence, bioaccumulative and toxic. Therefore, it was suggested that discharged water from ARA Plasma BWTS did not pose unacceptable effect on marine ecosystem.
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전기분해장치를 이용한 선박평형수관리장치의 배출수에 대한 해양생태독성 및 해양환경위해성에 관한 연구
손명백(M.-B. Shon),손민호(M.H. Son),이지현(J. Lee),손영준(Y.-J. Son),문창호(C.H. Moon),임수연(S.-Y. Im),김영수(Y.-S. Kim) 한국해양환경·에너지학회 2012 한국해양환경·에너지학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2012 No.11
전기분해장치를 사용하여 선박의 평형수를 처리하는 AquaStar™ BWMS가 개발되었고, 이로부터 방류되는 배출수가 해양생태계에 미치는 영향을 파악하기 위하여 Skeletonema costatum, Brachionus plicatilis 및 Paralichtys olivaceus를 이용하여 배출수독성시험과 생성된 화학물질에 대한 환경위해성 평가를 수행하였다. 배출수독성시험결과 가장 민감한 생물은 S. costatum이었고 20 psu 배출수에 노출되었을 때 NOEC 25.00%, LOEC 50.00% 및 72hr-EC??이 69.97%였다. AquaStar™ BWMS에서 생성된 물질은 총 18개로, bromate, 7개의 volatile halogenated organic compounds, 7개의 halogenated acetic acids, 3개의 halogenated acetonitriles 및 chloropicrin이었다. 그러나 MAMPEC을 이용하여 생성된 18개 물질의 PEC 산출결과는 4.58E-04~4.87E+00 ㎍ L?¹였고, PNEC는 0.016~320.00 ㎍ L?¹였다. 18개 화확물질의 PEC/PNEC 비율은 1을 초과하지 않았고, PBT 특성을 보이지 않았다. 따라서 환경위해성평가결과는 AquaStar™ BWMS에 의하여 처리된 해수가 해양생태계에 수용 불가한 영향을 미치지 않을 것임을 시사하였다. In this study, WET (whole effluent toxicity) test with Skeletonema costatum, Brachionus plicatilis and Paralichthys olivaceus, chemical analysis and ERA (environmental risk assessment) were conducted to assess the unacceptable effect on marine ecosystem by emitting the discharge water treated with AquaStar™ BWMS (ballast water management system) using electrolyzer as main treatment equipment. The most sensitive test organism on discharge water treated with AquaStar™ BWMS was S. costatum that gave the NOEC value of 25.00%, LOEC value of 50.00% and 72hr-EC?? value of 69.97% from WET test result for 20 psu treated discharge water. In the chemical analysis results, total number of substances produced by AquaStar™ BWMS was 18 which were bromate, 7 volatile halogenated organic compounds, 7 halogenated acetic acids, 3 halogenated acetonitriles and chloropicrin. Eighteen substances did not consider as persistence and bioaccumulative chemicals. Uncertainty of toxic property of 18 substances was high. However, the PEC/PNEC ratio of 18 substances did not exceed 1. Therefore, ERA for produced substances indicate that the discharge water treated with AquaStar™ BWMS does not pose unacceptable effect on marine life.
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Plasma와 MPUV를 이용한 선박평형수관리장치의 배출수에 대한 해양생태독성 및 생태위해성에 관한 연구
손명백(M.-B, Shon),손민호(M.H. Son),이지현(J. Lee),이성욱(S.U. Lee),이재도(J.-D. Lee),문창호(C.H. Moon),김영수(Y.-S. Kim) 한국해양환경·에너지학회 2012 한국해양환경공학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2012 No.5
MPUV와 Plasma를 사용하여 선박평형수를 처리하는 ARA Plasma BWTS가 개발되었으며, 이로부터 방류되는 배출수가 해양생태계 미치는 영향을 파악하기 위하여 Skeletonema costatum, Tigriopus japonicus 및 Paralichthys olivaceus를 이용하여 배출수독성시험과 생성된 화학물질에 대한 생태위해성평가를 수행하였다. 34 psu 배출수는 P. olivaceusus에 대하여 미약한 만성 독성영향을 보였다(7d-LC50= >100.00% 배출수, 7d-LC25-85.15% 배출수), 34 psu 배출수에서 Bromobenzene, chlorobenzene과 4-chlorotoliiene이 해수의 배경 농도보다 높게 검줄되었다. MAMPEC을 이용한 Bromobenzene, chlorobenzene과 4-chlorotoluene의 PEC 산출결과는 각각 3.34E-03, 2.10E-03 및 1.73E-03 ㎍ L<SUP>-1</SUP>이었고, PNEC는 1.6, 0.5 and 1.9 ㎍ L<SUP>-1</SUP>였다. 세 화학 물질의 PEC/PNEC 비율은 1을 초과하지 않았고, PBT 특성을 보이지 않았다. 따라서 WET test 결과와 생태위해성평가결과는 ARA Plasma BWTS에 의하여 처리된 해수가 해양생태계에 수용 불가한 영향을 미치지 않을 것임을 시사하였다. In this study, WET (whole effluent toxicity) test with Skeletonema costatum, Tigriopus japonicus and Paralichthys olivaceus and ERA (ecological risk assessment) were conducted to assess the unacceptable effect on marine ecosystem by emitting the discharged water from "ARA Plasma BWTS" BWMS (ballast water management system) using filtration, Plasma and MPUV module. 34 psu discharged water from ARA Plasma BWTS shown slight chronic toxicity effect on the P, olivaceus (7d-LC50= >100.00% discharged water, 7d-LC25=85.15% discharged water). Bromobenzene, chlorobenzene and 4-chlorotoluene in 34 psu discharged water from ARA Plasma BWTS were higher than in the background original content of seawater, The PECs (predictive environmental concentrations) of bromobenzene, chlorobenzene and 4 - chlorotoluene calculated by MAMPEC (marine antifoulant model to predict environmental concentrations) program (ver, 3,0) were 3.34E-03, 2.10E-03 and 1.73E-03 ㎍ L<SUP>-1</SUP>, respectively and PNECs (predicted no effect concentrations) of them were 1,6, 0,5 and 1,9 ㎍ L<SUP>-1</SUP>. The PEC/PNEC ratio of bromobenzene, chlorobenzene and 4 - chlorotoluene did not exceed one and 3 substances did not consider as persistence, bioaccumulative and toxic. Therefore, it was suggested that discharged water from ARA Plasma BWTS did not pose unacceptable effect on marine ecosystem.
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황화수소가 섬유주단층세포층 투과도 증가에 미치는 영향과 일산화질소의 상호작용에 관한 연구
손명서(Myung Seo Son),백민주(Min Ju Baek),김재우(Jae Woo Kim) 대한안과학회 2020 대한안과학회지 Vol.61 No.3
목적: 황화수소(hydrogen sulfide, H2S)가 섬유주단층세포층의 투과성에 미치는 영향과 일산화질소와의 상호작용에 대해 알아보고자 하였다. 대상과 방법: 섬유주세포를 sodium hydrogen sulfide (NaHS) 0, 50, 100, 500 μM에 6시간 노출시킨 다음 transwell과 carboxyfluorescein을 이용하여 섬유주 단층세포층의 투과도를 측정하였다. Griess assay로 일산화질소(nitrogen oxide, NO)의 생성을 측정하였고, reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction로 eNOS mRNA의 발현을 측정하였다. 저농도의 H2S에서 NO와 상승 작용이 일어나는지 알아보기 위하여 0, 1, 10 μM의 NaHS와 10 μM sodium nitropruside (SN)를 함께 투여하여 실험을 시행하였다. 결과: NaHS는 100 μM 이상에서 농도에 비례하여 섬유주단층세포층의 투과도를 증가시켰으며(p<0.05), NO의 생성과 eNOS mRNA의 발현에는 유의한 영향을 미치지 않았다(p>0.05). 0, 1, 10 μM의 NaHS와 10 μM SN을 함께 투여한 경우 섬유주단층세포층의 투과도와 NO의 생성, eNOS mRNA의 발현에는 각각 유의한 영향을 미치지 않았다(p>0.05). 결론: 고농도에서 H2S는 섬유주단층세포층의 투과도를 증가시켰으며 이러한 증가는 NO와는 무관하였다. 저농도에서 H2S는 NO와 상승 작용을 나타내지 않았다. 따라서 고농도의 H2S는 섬유주를 통한 방수 유출을 증가시킬 가능성이 있으며, 이러한 방수 유출의 증가는 NO와는 관련이 적을 것으로 생각된다. Purpose: To investigate the effects of hydrogen sulfide (H2S) on the permeability of a cultured human trabecular meshwork cells(HTMC) monolayer and its interaction with nitric oxide (NO). Methods: After exposing primary cultured HTMCs to 0, 50, 100, and 500 μM sodium hydrogen sulfide (NaHS) for 6 hours, the permeabilities through the HTMC monolayer were measured using a Transwell assay with carboxyfluorescein. The production of NO and eNOS mRNA expression were assessed using the Griess assay and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction, respectively. In addition, 0, 1, and 10 μM NaHS and 10 μM sodium nitroprusside (SN) were co-exposed to evaluate the possible synergistic effect of H2S and NO. Results: Greater than 100 μM NaHS increased the permeability through the HTMC monolayer in a dose-dependent manner(p < 0.05). These increased permeabilities were not accompanied by NO production or eNOS mRNA expression (p > 0.05). When 0, 1, and 10 μM NaHS and 10 μM SN were exposed together, there was no significant change of permeability, NO production, or eNOS mRNA expression (all, p > 0.05). Conclusions: NaHS at high concentrations increased the permeability of the HTMC monolayer, which was not affected by NO. NaHS at low concentrations did not show a synergistic effect with NO. Thus, H2S at high concentrations may increase trabecular outflow, which may not be associated with NO.
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손명원 ( Myoung Won Son ),백충렬 ( Chung Yeol Baek ) 한국지형학회 2016 한국지형학회지 Vol.23 No.1
Aiming to elucidate the formation processes of Myeonsan wetland around the ridge from Myeonsan peak to Seokgae pass, this paper analyzes the geomorphic, physical and chemical characteristics of the wetland. The results are as follow: Firstly, resistant bedrock and big boulders distributed on the riverbed of the small channel from the wetland to Seokgaecheon have played a role as a temporary base level. At the upstream part above this point, a wide and shallow depression was formed and developed into a wetland. There was a gorge covered with boulders at downstream part. Secondly, owing to the obstacles at the outlet of wetland, deposits on bed tend to be downstream coarsening. Finally, deposits show weak acidity of pH 5.0~5.7. The source of wetland water is groundwater containing rich Ca and Na. Trees in the wetland help much more Ca accumulated. And deposit biotite and amphibole contained rich Mg have been weathered in the wetland.
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김태원,문창호,김근용,손명백,김영수,이지현,손민호 한국마린엔지니어링학회 2014 한국마린엔지니어링학회지 Vol.38 No.8
Ballast water effluent treated by an electrolytic method contains reactive chlorine species and disinfection by-products(DBPs). In this study, we conducted whole effluent toxicity (WET) testing and ecological risk assessment (ERA) to investigateits ecotoxicological effects on marine environment. WET testing was carried out for three marine pelagic organisms, i.e., diatomSkeletonema costatum, rotifer Brachionus plicatilis and fish Paralichthys olivaceus. The biological toxicity test revealed that S. costatum was the only organism that showed apparent toxicity to the effluent; it showed no observed effect concentration(NOEC), lowest observable effect concentration (LOEC) and effect concentration of 50% (EC50) values of 12.5%, 25.0% and83.3%, respectively, at brackish water condition. In contrast, it showed insignificant toxicity at seawater condition. B. plicatilisand P. olivaceus also showed no toxicities to the effluent at the both salinity conditions. Meanwhile, chemical analysis revealedthat the ballast water effluent contained total residual oxidants (TROs) below 0.03 μg/L and a total of 20 DBPs includingbromate, volatile halogenated organic compounds (VOCs), halogenated acetonitriles (HANs), halogenated acetic acids (HAAs)and chloropicrin. Based on ERA, the 20 DBPs were not considered to have persistency, bioaccumulation and toxicity (PBT)properties. Except monobromoacetic acid, the ratio of predicted environmental concentration (PEC) to predicted no effectconcentration (PNEC) of the other 19 DBPs did not exceed 1. Thus, our results of WET testing and ERA indicated that theballast water effluent treated by electrolysis and subsequently neutralization was considered to have no adverse impacts onmarine environment.
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