표준 중국어의 성조 음높이 변화와 목표점 분석

손남호 ( Nam Ho Sohn ) 한국중국언어학회 2006 중국언어연구 Vol.0 No.23

둥샹어의 중국어 차용어에 나타나는 중국어 성조의 영향

손남호 ( Nam Ho Sohn ) 한국알타이학회 2009 알타이학보 Vol.0 No.19

감정발화의 데이터베이스 구축과 음향 분석

손남호(Nam-Ho Sohn),이호영(Ho-Young Lee),황효성(Hyosung Hwang) 사단법인 한국언어학회 2015 언어학 Vol.0 No.72

This paper aims to propose a method to induce emotional speech naturally and to carry out basic acoustic analyses of emotional speech. Previous research into emotional speech relied on the recordings of actors’ acted speech. Since actors’ emotional speech is often stereotyped, we established a method to help ordinary people to produce emotional speech relatively easily by using emotion inducing video clips edited from Korean films and dramas. 43 students and 20 actors and actresses participated in the recording. They were asked to read the subtitles embedded on the video clips while maintaining induced emotions. A test sentence, “Neo Nagiju ara? (Do you know Nagiju?)”, was included in the subtitles on the video clips. A perception test was conducted to choose top 50 natural sounding speech files of the test sentence for each emotion (i.e. anger, anxiety or neutral emotion). The result of this perception test shows that the proposed method was successful in inducing emotions naturally. The results of the acoustic analysis of the selected emotional utterances show that anger is realized with the highest pitch and biggest intensity and anxiety with the lowest pitch and weakest intensity. At the latter part of anxious speech, breathiness was observed.

현행 중등 중국어 교과서의 문화요소에 대한 연구

신원철 ( Shin Won-chul ),김나래 ( Kim Na-rae ),김석영 ( Kim Sok-yong ),손남호 ( Sohn Nam-ho ),이강재 ( Lee Kang-jae ),이미경 ( Lee Mi-kyoung ),이연숙 ( Yi Yeon-sook ),박종한 ( Park Jong-han ) 한국중국어문학회 2017 中國文學 Vol.92 No.-

본고에서는 현행 중등 중국어 교과서인 `생활중국어, 중국어Ⅰ, 중국어Ⅱ` 14종에서 문화요소들을 추출한 후 `중국개관, 언어문자관련정보, 일상생활, 여행정보, 한중비교`의 5개 항목으로 분류한 다음, 그 내용을 비판적으로 검토하였다. 이를 토대로 중국 본토의 문화에서 범(汎)중국어권 문화로, 중국내 특정 지역에서 전국 차원으로, 단순 사실 기술에서 상호 비교 기술로 문화요소에 대한 확장이 필요하다는 점을 제안하였으며, 그러한 연구를 바탕으로 교과서 기술이 새롭게 이루어져야 한다는 제안을 하였다. This article aims to examine the cultural contents in the textbooks for teaching Chinese for Korean secondary schools. It divides the cultural components in 14 textbooks of Chinese conversation, Chinese Ⅰ & Ⅱ into 5 categories(introduction to China, information on Chinese language and characters, daily life, travel information and comparison between Korea and China) and critically examines them. Based on the findings of the investigation, the study makes a suggestion that the cultural items need to be expanded from those of the mainland China to those of Sinophone, from those in specific regions in China to those of the entire country, from mere descriptions to comparative explanations across cultures. The current study concludes with a suggestion that these findings be reflected in writing textbooks in the future. The article also suggests some avenues for future research.

중국어 교재 평가 체크리스트 개발 연구

신원철(Shin, Wonchul),김나래(Kim, Narae),소민정(So, Minjeong),손남호(Sohn, Nam-Ho),이강재(Lee, Kangjae),이연숙(Yi, Yeon-Sook),이미경(Lee, Mikyoung),김석영(KIM, Sok-yong) 한국중국어교육학회 2017 중국어교육과연구 Vol.0 No.25

Establishing the criteria for evaluating textbooks is a prerequisite to such endeavors as research, selection, development and information building on the textbook. In the domestic Chinese education field, however, academic explorations for such criteria have been lacking. Aiming to develop an evaluation checklist appropriate for the characteristics of Chinese textbooks, the current study followed the procedure of 1) developing a draft checklist based on literature review 2) testing practicality through pilot testing and 3) checking face validity with a group of experts. In the first phase of literature review, the authors reviewed a few dozen checklists for assessing foreign language textbooks developed from the 1970"s through the 2000"s as well as their inductive compendiums. They also reviewed research studies on Chinese textbook evaluation checklists conducted in China and Korea, which led to the completion of a draft with 51 items under 13 categories. The draft underwent a pilot test based on the evaluation of two textbooks written in Korea, translated versions of two Chinese textbooks, and two textbooks developed in China, which revised the draft into the one with 43 items under 8 categories. In the final phase, Chinese education researchers and in-service school teachers tested face validity of the checklist, which finalized the checklist with 45 question items subsumed under 8 categories. The checklist this study created will be utilized for Chinese textbook research, development and selection, and constructive criticism garnered from it will further modify the checklist, eventually enhancing its validity and practicality. The authors also plan to build an informative platform of Chinese textbooks based on this checklist and in the process the current checklist could be subsequently confirmed and refined.

중국의 중국어 교재 분포와 개발 현황 분석

김나래 ( Kim Narae ),김석영 ( Kim Sokyong ),박종한 ( Park Jonghan ),손남호 ( Sohn Namho ),신원철 ( Shin Wonchul ),이미경 ( Lee Mikyoung ),이연숙 ( Yi Yeonsook ) 한국중국어문학회 2016 中國文學 Vol.88 No.-

본고는 중국(PRC) 지역에서 간행된 외국어로서의 중국어(CFL) 교육용 교재의 분포에 대한 보고와 교재 개발 현황에 대한 분석을 시도한 논문이다. 이를 위해 본고는 중국 국가 도서관(中國國家圖書館)을 통해 수집된 도서 목록에서 외국어로서의 중국어 교육용 교재 4126권을 분석하였다. 주제별 분석의 결과 통번역 교재, 뉴스 관련 교재, 노래나 게임 중심 교재, 비(非)HSK 시험 관련 교재 개발이 저조하고, 비즈니스 중국어 교재가 대부분인 목적서 전체의 비율도 9.02%에 그치고 있어 개혁개방 이후 중국어 교육 30여 년의 역사에서 아직까지는 특수목적 중국어(CSP) 교재나 학문목적 중국어(CAP) 교재의 개발은 미진한 것으로 파악되었다. 영역별로는 쓰기 교재의 비중이 특히 낮았으며, 특수목적 혹은 학문목적(CAP)의 쓰기 교재는 아예 개발된 적이 없어 전반적으로 범용(general purposes) 언어 교육에 치우쳐 있음을 알 수 있다. 수준별 분포는 전체적으로 초급 교재가 절반 이상을 차지하고 있고 중고급으로 갈수록 줄어드는 우하향 패턴을 보이는데, 말하기 교재, 한자와 발음 교재가 우하향 패턴을 보인 반면, 읽기 교재, 어휘와 문법 교재, 문화 교재는 우상향 패턴을 보였다. 이는 수준이 올라갈수록 교수 내용의 중심이 말하기, 한자, 발음에서 읽기, 어휘, 문법, 문화로 이동하고 있음을 의미한다. 교수대상별 분포는 초중등학생에게 특화된 교재가 7.73%에 불과한 점이 두드러지는데, 아동중국어(CYL) 교육에 있어서는 아직까지 교재 개발이나 교수 모델 개발이 저조한 편이며, 2000년대 이후로 작은 폭이지만 꾸준한 증가 추세를 보이고 있어 앞으로의 귀추가 주목된다. 이상의 분석을 종합하면 중국의 중국어 교재는 전반적으로 아직 CSP, CAP, CYL 분야의 교재 개발이 저조한 상황으로 분석된다. 다만 2000년대 이후에는 이 영역의 교재들이 꾸준히 개발되고 있고, 작은 양이나마 증가 추세를 보이고 있다는 점에서 앞으로 중국어 교재 연구가 이 점에 더 주목할 필요가 있다고 생각된다. This study aims to report and examine the current status of instructional materials of Chinese as a foreign language (CFL) that have been published in China (PRC). The authors analyzed 4126 CFL textbooks searched on the website of the National Library of China. As for the purposes of the materials, a lack of development is observed in the textbooks for interpretation/translation, news-based materials, materials based on songs/games and the test preparation materials for non-HSK exams. The entire proportion of Chinese for Specific Purposes (CSP) materials, of which Chinese for Business Purposes (CBP) is the majority, is also only 9.02%, which means that the development of materials for CSP or Chinese for Academic Purpose (CAP) has not been active during the 30-year history of CFL education since the `Reforms and Opening up`. Regarding the skills covered, the proportion of writing materials was particularly low and no writing textbook was ever identified for CSP or CAP, which indicates that the CFL education in China has centered on the teaching of Chinese for General Purposes (CGP). In terms of the levels, more than half of the overall materials were intended for beginners. Specifically, materials for speaking, Chinese characters and pronunciation follow this right-skewed distribution but those for reading, vocabulary/grammar and cultural topics show the opposite, i.e., left-skewed distribution. This means that the focus of CFL instruction shifts from speaking, characters and pronunciation to reading, vocabulary/grammar and culture in the more advanced levels. Another notable point is that the materials aimed at elementary to middle school students only account for 7.73%, which implies the lack of activity to develop educational materials or instructional models for Chinese for Young Learners (CYL). However, future trend is worth noting because a slight but steady increase in CYL materials is detected since the 2000`s. To sum up, among the CFL instructional materials released in China to date, CSP, CAP or CYL materials have been underdeveloped. As the publication of these materials, however, has been on a small but continuous increase since the 2000`s, it seems to deserve more attention in the future research on CFL textbooks.