단일심근 세포의 활동전압 및 막전류에 대한 Na-Ca 교환기전의 영향

호원경,서인석,엄융의,Ho, Won-Kyung,So, In-Suk,Earm, Yung-E 대한생리학회 1989 대한생리학회지 Vol.23 No.2

The electrophysiological properties of the inward current contributing to the late plateau phase of the action potential were investigated using the whole cell clamp technique and intracellular dialysis in single atrial cells isolated from the rabbit heart. The inward current was activated by various repolarizing pulses after a brief depolarizing pulse to +40 mV for 2 ms and its time course was similar to that of the late plateau of the action potential. The current was fully activated above the potential of -40 mV and abolished by intracellular EGTA. Ryanodine of $1{\mu}M$ also abolished the late plateau and the inward current. Reduced $Na_o\;to\;30%\;and\;20\;mM\;Na_1$ diminished the late plateau together with the inward current. Diltiazem blocked the activation of the current and Ni in the concentration of $40{\sim}200\;{\mu}M$ decreased the development of the late plateau and the inward current. Fully activated current-voltage relation of the inward current showed exponential voltage dependency which was steeper in more hyperplarizing range. The above findings suggest that the inward current was activated by intracellular calcium and contribute the late plateau phase of the action potential. It could be concluded that the inward current would be the inward component of Na-Ca exchange.

결장뉴 전기활동도에 대한 Ouabain과 Vanadate의 작용

박종규,김기환,서인석,Park, Jong-Kyou,Kim, Ki-Whan,So, In-Suk 대한생리학회 1988 대한생리학회지 Vol.22 No.2

The effects of ouabain on the contractile and electrical activities were investigated in the isolated preparations of guinea-pig taenia coli, and compared with those of vanadate. Spontaneous contractions were recorded with force transducer, and electrical activites were measured by use of suction electrode, or single sucrose-gap technique. The contractions were induced by the electrical stimulation for 5 seconds every 1 minute with alternating current (60 Hz, 3.0 V/cm) through the platinum electrodes located in parallel with the long axis of the preparation. All experiments were performed in tris-buffered Tyrode solution which was aerated with $100%{\;}O_2$ and kept at $35^{\circ}C$. The results obtained were as follows: 1) Responses of spontaneous contractions to ouabain were concentration-dependent; $10^{-7}M$ ouabain caused a rise of basal tone. Above the concentration of $10^{-6}M$ ouabain, an initial increase followed by a decrease in tension was observed. 2) A continuous spike discharge was induced by the administration of $10^{-7}M$ ouabain. Above $10^{-6}M$ ouabain, a transient initial increase followed by a decrease in spike frequency and amplitude was produced, and finally membrane potential was sustained at a certain level without a spike discharge. 3) The characteristic response to $10^{-7}M$ ouabain was not blocked by the pretreatment with $10^{-7}M$ atropine. 4) The electrically induced contractions were completely suppressed at the concentration of $2{\times}10^{-7}M$ ouabain. These contractions were blocked more rapidly in paralled with the increase in ouabain concentration. 5) Effects of vanadate on the spontaneous activities were quite different from those of ouabain; $10^{-6}M$ vanadate increased the amplitude of contractions and $10^{-5}M$ vanadate increased slightly both amplitude and frequency of spontaneous contractions. $10^{-4}M$ vanadate showed irregular phasic contractions superimposed on the increased basal tone. 6) $10^{-5}M$ vanadate depolarized the membrane potential and shortened the interval between the bursts of spike discharge, whereas $10^{-4}M$ vanadate induced continuous spike discharge with membrane depolarization. 7) Vanadate caused a characteristic inhibitory response to the contractions induced by electrical stimulation; An initial rapid inhibition of tension development and then gradual recovery to a certain level. From the above results, the following conclusions could be made: 1) The rise of basal tone at $10^{-7}M$ ouabain is due to continuous spike discharge without a silent period. The continuous spike discharge is likely to be associated with a slight membrane depolarization caused by the blockage of Na pump. 2) The biphasic response induced by above $10^{-6}M$ ouabain seems to occur by the different mechanisms. The initial increase in tension is associated with depolarization along with an increase in spike frquency, whereas the subsequent relaxation occurs through a non-electrical mechanism. 3) The characteristic response to $10^{-7}M$ ouabain is resulted not from the action on intrinsic nerve terminal, but from its direct action on the membrane of smooth muscle cells. 4) The phasic contractions superimposed on the increased basal tone at the concentration of $10^{-4}M$ vanadate is resulted from the continuous spike discharge with membrane depolarization, of which mechanism remains unknown. 5) The inhibitory action of ouabain on the electrically induced contractions suggests that the increasein intracellular Na in some way inhibits the electrically induced $Ca^{2+}$ influx. The mechanism of vanadate action on the induced contractions remains unknown.

Higenamine이 단일심근세포의 Ca-전류 및 활동전압에 미치는 효과

김영덕(Kim, Young-Duck),서인석(So, In-Suk),엄융의(Earm, Yung-E) 대한생리학회 1987 대한생리학회지 Vol.21 No.2

The effects of higenamine were investigated in the single atrial and ventricular myocyte of the guinea pig by using patch clamp method. The results obtained were as follows: 1) Isoprenaline which is known to be β-agonist increased the duration of action potential and calcium current in ventricular cells. 2) Higenamine also increased the duration of action potential and calcium current in ventricular myocytes. And its effect was blocked by propranolol. 3) In the atrial cells, isoprenaline showed β-agonist effects, which were increasing the duration of action potential and calcium current same as in ventricular cells. 4) Higenamine, however, showed the opposite effects of β-agonist which were decreasing the duration of action potential and calcium current. The above results suggest that higenamine has the typical β-agonist effect in ventricular cells but inhibitory effect in atrial cells and this effect on atrium could be due to the reduction of calcium current.

수축과 활동전압의 Staircase 현상에 대한 Ca-전류 및 세포내 Ca²⁺ 농도 변화의 영향

박춘옥(Park, Choon-Ok),서인석(So, In-Suk),호원경(Ho, Won-Kyung),엄융의(Earm, Yung-E),김우겸(Kim, Woo-Gyeum) 대한생리학회 1989 대한생리학회지 Vol.23 No.2

It well known that the magnitude of contraction and the shape of action potential depend upon the stimulation frequency and the duration of resting period (positive and negative staircase). Although the underlying mechanism of the staircase phenomenon is not fully understood, it has been suggested that staircase could be related to the intracllular Ca²⁺ concentration. In order to elucidate the role of intracellular Ca²⁺ on the contraction and action potential staircases, we examined the effects of 1 mM 4-aminopyridine (4-AP), 0.5 uM verapamil, 1 uM ryanodine, or reduction of extracellular Na concentration to 30% (substituted by equimolar Li⁺) in small atrial strips of the rabbit (3 X 10 mm). The results obitained were as follows; 1) When the stimulation frequency was increased from 0.1 Hz to 2 Hz, positive staircase of the contraction and elevation of plateau level in action potential were found in control and the conditions of Na reduction and treatments of 4-AP, verapamil and ryanodine. 2) When stimulation frequency returned to 0.1 Hz from 1 min rest just after 2 Hz stimulation fer 1 min, the magnitudes of initial few contractions were larger than that of steady state contraction (post-rest potentiation) except, ryanodine or Na-reduction groups. 3) Negative staircase of contraction was developed in control and 4-AP group at post-rest 0.1 Hz stimulation and the plateau level of the action potential was decreased at the same time. But the reduction of contraction or the plateau level was much smaller in 4-AP group and than in control. From the above results it can be concluded that contraction and action potential staircase is dependent upon transmembrane Ca²⁺-current and Ca²⁺release from the SR.

미생물특성에 따른 슬러지 침전성에 관한 연구

김지연 ( Ji Yeon Kim ),최의소 ( Eui So Choi ),김병군 ( Byung Goon Kim ),서인석 ( In Seok Seo ) 한국물환경학회 2004 한국물환경학회·대한상하수도학회 공동 춘계학술발표회 Vol.2004 No.-

Collaborative Network Structure for Information Exchange

이동규(Dong Kyu Lee)(李東奎),서인석(In Seok Seo)(徐寅錫),장소진(So Jin Jang)(張素珍) 위기관리 이론과 실천 2012 Crisisonomy Vol.8 No.2

본 연구에서는 협력 네트워크 차원에서의 북한이탈주민의 정착 지원 프로그램 구조를 살펴보기 위한 연구이다. 북한이탈주민의 누적 인구분포가 지속적으로 증가함에 따라 이를 수용할 수 있는 시설과 프로그램의 필요성이 제기되고 있다. 각 지방정부들은 지역 설정에 맞는 서비스를 제공하기 위해 지역별 사회복지단체와 연대하여 북한이탈주민들의 서비스를 제공하고자 노력하고 있다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 각 협력기관들간의 북한이탈주민들의 정착지원과 관련된 정보교환망의 협력 네트워크 구조를 살펴봄과 동시에 이들의 연계패턴을 분석하고자 한다. 이를 측정하기 위해 네트워크 속성, 네트워크 결속, 중앙성(centrality), 결집집단(cohesion), 구조적 등위성(CONCOR) 등을 살펴보았다. 연구 결과 향후 정보교류 및 제공의 차원에서 보다 낳은 서비스 제공을 위해서는 이들의 관계를 재조정할 필요가 있고, 이에 이를 조정할 수 있는 책임있는 기관 및 중재자가 요청됨을 발견하였다. 따라서, 중앙정부, 지방정부, 민간단체, 지역기업 및 사회적 기업 간의 협력 네트워크에 있어 사회통합 모니터링 센터를 중심으로 소통영역, 신뢰영역, 협력영역, 기회 영역별로 정보교환을 원활하게 할 수 있게 구축되어야 한다. 향후에는 정부주도 민간 보조형으로 사회 정착 지원에 상당한 역할을 보완할 필요가 있음을 확인하였다. 따라서 이러한 밀도, 중앙성, 응집성, 구조적 등위성 등을 분석함으로써 북한이탈주민의 정착지원의 네트워크의 중심과 협력성에 대한 정책적 시사점을 도출 및 제안하였다. This study seeks to illustrate the structure of settlement support program for North Korean defectors applying the concept of collaborative network. Network features, unity, centrality, cohesion and structural equivalence are measured which would explain collaboration network structure on information exchange among settlement support programs for North Korean defectors and collaborating organizations as to identify the structural characteristics. It is found that reliable organization or mediator is in need for coordination among themselves. Therefore, collaborative network among central government, local government and social corporation should be established around social cohesion monitoring center with an emphasis on information exchange through communication, trust, collaboration and opportunity. Also, it turns out that settlement support system should be improved in order to seek for government taking the initiative and private sector providing assistance. By analyzing density, centrality, cohesion and structural equivalence, policy implications are drawn for the core and collaboration of settlement support network.

포스터발표 : 하폐수처리 ; 미생물특성에 따른 슬러지 침전성에 관한 연구

김지연 ( Ji Yeon Kim ),최의소 ( Eui So Choi ),김병군 ( Byung Goon Kim ),서인석 ( In Seok Seo ) 대한상하수도학회 2004 공동춘계 학술발표회 논문집 Vol.2004 No.-

기니피그 위 평활근의 기계적 및 전기적 활동에 대한 아데노신 효과

김희진(Kim, Heui-Jeen),고광욱(Ko, Kwang-Wook),서인석(So, In-Suk),김기환(Kim, Ki-Whan) 대한생리학회 1987 대한생리학회지 Vol.21 No.2

The effects of adenosine on the mechanical contractions and electrical activities were investigated in guinea-pig stomach. Spontaneous contractions of the antral region were recorded with force transducer, and the phasic contractions of fundic region were induced by electrical field stimulation. Electrical responses of smocth muscle cells were recored using glass capillary microelectrodes filled with 3M-KCl. Field stimulation was applied transmurally by using a pair of platinum wire (0.5 mm in diameter) placed on both sides of tissue. All experiments were performed in tris-buffered Tyrode solution which was aerated with 100% O² and kept at 35℃. The results obtained were as follows. 1) Adenosine suppressed the spontaneous contractions of antrum in a dose-dependent manner. 2) The inhibitory effect on antral spontaneous contractions was not influenced by the administration of guanethidine (5 X 10^-6 M) and atropine 10^-6 M, or in the presence of dipyridamole 10^-7 M. 3) The phasic contractions of fundus induced by electrical field stimulation, which disappeared rapidly by the addition of tetrodotoxin (3 X 10^-7 M), were potentiated by adenosine in the presence of guanethidine. 4) Adenosine decreased the amplitude and the maximum rate of rise of slow waves, and the increased amplitude and rate of rise evoked in the high calcium solution or in the presence of TEA were decreased by adenosine. 5) The non-adrenergic, non-cholinergic inhibitory junction potential (IJP) was inhibited by adenosine in the antral region, while the excitatory junction potential (EJP) in the fundic region was potentiated. From the above results, the following conclusions could be made. 1) Adenosine suppresses the spontaneous contractions of antrum strip by the decrease in amplitude and rate of rise of slow waves. 2) The release of neurotransmitter(s) from non-adrenergic, non-cholinergic nerve terminals is inhibited by adenosine.

Polyacrylonitrile 기반 탄소 나노 섬유를 적용한 리튬-이산화탄소 전지에 관한 연구

나단(Dan Na),윤백상(Baeksang Yoon),유도현(Dohyeon Yu),소윤섭(Yoonseob So),강준영(Joonyoung Kang),서인석(Inseok Seo) 한국전지학회 2023 한국전지학회지 Vol.3 No.2

본 논문에서 전기방사를 통해 제작한 폴리아크릴로나이트릴 기반 탄소나노 섬유를 적용한 리튬-이산화탄소 전지를 제작하였다. 전기방사를 통해 제작된 탄소 나노 섬유는 이산화 탄소 흡착에 유리한 화학적, 구조적 특성을 가지고 있다. 제작된 전지는 50사이클까지 안정적으로 동작하였다. 이를 통해 전기방사로 제작한 탄소나노섬유가 리튬-이산화탄소 연구에 있어 적용 가능한 물질임을 알 수 있다. In this paper, a Li-CO₂ battery was fabricated by applying polyacrylonitrile-derived carbon nanofibers prepared through electrospinning. Electrospun carbon nanofibers have chemical and structural properties favorable for CO₂ gas adsorption. The battery operated successfully for up to 50 cycles. After the cycle test, the characteristics of the positive electrode of the Li-CO₂ battery were evaluated, and it was confirmed that the discharge product was Li₂CO₃ and that it was reversibly formed and decomposed during the charging and discharging process. This shows that carbon nanofibers prepared by electrospinning are promising materials for Li-CO₂ battery research.

Ge이 도핑된 LATP 고체전해질 합성 및 특성평가

윤백상(Baeksang Yoon),나단(Dan Na),유도현(Dohyeon Yu),소윤섭(Yoonseob So),강준영(Joonyoung Kang),서인석(Inseok Seo) 한국전지학회 2023 한국전지학회지 Vol.3 No.1