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박원기 ( Won Ki Park ) 중국어문연구회 2015 中國語文論叢 Vol.0 No.69
Bai Yu Jing is the representative text of the Middle Chinese. It reflects the colloquiality of the Chinese period of Nan-Bei Dynasties. I have studied Adverbs of Bai Yu Jing. Bai Yu Jing has over 200 adverbs. It includes ‘scope’, ‘time’, ‘addition’, ‘relation’, ‘intensifier’, ‘negative’, ‘demonstrative’, ‘manner’. Among them, 130 adverbs descend from the Ancient Chinese, and 72 adverbs have been created in the period of Middle Chinese. In spite of this situation, there were much more adverbs of the Ancient Chinese in Bai Yu Jing. Most of all, the biliteral words have arisen in the period of Middle Chinese, and Part of this adverbs have created through the method of compound word, that is the combination of two synonyms. The suffix is the other method of creating adverbs, and these suffixes include ‘~zi’, ‘~fu’, ‘~er’. Bai-Yu-Jing is the Buddhist scriptures, therefore, it has 4 words rhythm, and it is relevant to the development of the biliteral words in Chinese language.
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중국어문학연구(中國語文學硏究)의 신방법논모색(新方法論摸索) : 인지언어학과 근대한어 어법 연구방법
박원기 ( Won Ki Park ) 고려대학교 중국학연구소 2008 中國學論叢 Vol.23 No.-
近代漢語的主要硏究方法有兩種:共時上的硏究和歷史上的硏究,其中,前者的硏究方法主要限於描寫和歸納,而後者還有解釋。一般來講,語法硏究的最終目標就是解釋語言現象,所以,近代漢語共時上的硏究也可以用`解釋`方法來進行타的硏究。我們認爲現代語法解釋理論當中所謂`認知語法`是適合於漢語分析的非常適當的理論,如果把타是用於近代漢語的硏究,能구進行比較深入的語法硏究,能구解釋出漢語語法史當中的各種問題。
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논문(論文) : 부사 "직(直)"의 "간직(間直)" 의미 기능의 발전과 그 문법화
박원기 ( Won Ki Park ) 중국어문연구회 2014 中國語文論叢 Vol.0 No.61
近代漢語的副詞一般都有多種語義功能,本稿所硏究的“直”也有幾種語義功能。其包括:方式副詞、限定副詞、時間副詞、語氣副詞,而語氣副詞功能還有種:“簡直”意思、“竟然”意思、“一定、眞”意思,其中本稿主要硏究“簡直”語義的功能。副詞“直”的“簡直”語義功能語法化過程有些復雜,타的“簡直”義主要來源于動詞“直”(相當于~、等于、比如),而타的形式上的基礎是限定副詞‘直’所構成的‘“(A)+直+B+(耳)”,說話者用這種形式表達自己的確信、斷定等主觀性的見解。這個結構근動詞“直”的“比如”意思結合起來,誘發限定副詞“直”的轉喩上的變化,結果타的意思變成“簡直”的意思,能구表示[誇張性]。副詞“直”的“簡直”語義功能在魏晉南北朝時期最初誕生,“簡直”義副詞‘直’的形式和意味上的基礎是限定副詞‘直’所構成的‘“(A)+直+B+(耳)”,因此,誕生初期타的意思근限定副詞“直”有所混淆,這是一種過渡現象。到了唐宋時期非常發達,甚至出現근後綴結合的雙音節形式“直是”,但是到了明淸時期,타的出現頻率減少多了。現代漢語一般用雙音節副詞“簡直”,不太用“直”了。
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논문(論文) : 근대중국어 제우(際遇)의미 "득(得)"의 문법화
박원기 ( Won Ki Park ) 중국어문연구회 2010 中國語文論叢 Vol.0 No.47
‘際遇’意思相當於現代漢語的‘幸虧’,‘虧得’,表示幸運,借助等意思。近代漢語當中‘得’也有這種語義功能,一般用作際遇副詞。唐代時期是該語義功能的萌芽階段,還沒出現正式的例子,到了宋代,出現了際遇‘得’,尤其是在元末明初時期타處於極盛時代,然後,到了淸代逐漸消失,現代漢語中都消失了。‘得’本來是個動詞,擁有‘獲得’義,不過,타在唐代形成‘得+主謂結構’格式,‘得’繼續暴露在某種語境中,最後,這種語境誘發轉喩現象,타的獲得義逐漸變成‘際遇’義,際遇‘得’的語法化終於完成了。但是,타的動詞性格太强,有的‘得’還是擁有動詞的特點,當時形成副詞和動詞一起存在的多層次局面。
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박원기(Won-Ki Park),김선희(Sun-Hee Kim) 한국식품영양과학회 1991 한국식품영양과학회지 Vol.20 No.2
우리나라의 식용 채소류인 콩나물, 머위, 토란대, 고사리, 배추시래기를 시료로하여 일반 성분과 식이 섬유함량을 분석하였다. 콩나물이 섬유량 6.87%에 비해 수분함량 8.03%로 가장 높은 비를 나타냈고, 머위가 섬유량 25.25%에 비해 7.45%로 가장 낮은 비를 나타냈다. 식이섬유 값으로 N. D. F., lignin, hemicellulose, cellulose의 함량을 조사한 결과 N. D. F.는 20.96-50.62%로 머위가 가장 높고, 다음으로 콩나물, 고사리 순이였고, A. D. F.는 10.60-38.19%로 머위, 고사리, 토란대 순이었으며, lignin은 1.74-10.88%, hemicellulose는 5.79-35.89%, cellulose는 5.19-33.29% 정도로 나타났다. 물리적 특성에서는 dietary fiber의 water holding capacity(W. H. C.)와 밀도를 조사하였는데 시료의 acetone dried powder(A. D. P.)의 W. H. C.는 5.65-12.26(g water/g A.D.P.)였고, 머위와 배추시래기에서 높게 나타났고, 콩나물, 고사리에서는 다소 낮은 편이었다. 밀도는 대체로 direct값과 bulk density값이 상응하였다. 식이섬유 함량이 높을 수록 보수력은 큰 것으로 나타났으나 식이섬유 함량과 밀도와는 상관관계를 나타내지 않았다. The contents of dietary fiber and its physical properties of vegetables were determined. The samples selected in this study were soybean sprouts (Glycine max M_(ERILL) sprouts), butterber (Petasites japonicus M_(IQ)), taro stem(Colocasia antiquorum S_(CHOTT) stem), bracken(Pteridium aquilinum K_(UHN)) and dried Korean cabbage leaves(Brassica compestris L. leaves). The contents of dietary fiber were 20.96-50.62% of neutral detergent fiber, 10.60-38.19% of acid detergent fiber, 1.74-10.88% of lignin, 5.79-35.89% of hemicellulose and 5.79-33.29% of cellulose. Butterber had the highest dietary fiber content. Mean waterholding capacity of samples was 5.65-12.26 gㆍwater/gㆍacetone dried powder and butterber and dried Korean cabbage leaves had higher water holding capacity value than the others. Densities were 140-250㎎/㎖ of direct density and 385-417 ㎎/㎖ of bulk density.
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논문(論文) : 고한어 양태부사 "호(好)"의 문법화와 그 발전과정
박원기 ( Won Ki Park ) 중국어문연구회 2013 中國語文論叢 Vol.0 No.59
漢語的詞語``好``有非常多樣的意思,而且타的詞類情況흔複雜,有形容詞、動詞、副詞、助動詞等等。這種情況類似于古帶,古帶的``好``也有好多意味功能。其中此文章 注重副詞的用法,硏究出``好``的情狀副詞用法즘요語法化來的。据我們的硏究,古帶的形容詞``好``逐漸語法化成副詞,這在春秋時代發生的,當時副詞``好``的意思是``友好地``,然 后通過漢代的過度時期,타的意思逐漸發生泛化,變成``用心、好好地``的意思了,到了魏晋南北朝時代,終于語法化成情狀副詞了。但是타的能産性不太高,因此,在唐宋時 期,타主要用于``好+動詞``結構的一種組成部分,而構成``好去``、``好住``等固定格式,타的情狀副詞功能轉給``好生``、``好好``等。這種情況到了明淸時代更加明顯,最后,變成了現 代帶的面目。 我們在硏究當中能구發現出情狀副詞``好``的語法化過程和타的發展過程,타按照所謂 泛化(Generalization),帶有``用心、好好地``的意思了,這是非常普遍的語法化現象之一。
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근대 중국어 금지성 부사 `省` 및 `省可(裏)`의 구문화
박원기 ( Park Won-ki ) 중국어문연구회 2016 中國語文論叢 Vol.0 No.77
The prohibitive adverb ‘sheng` & ‘shengke` have appeared in Tang & Song dynasties. These are prohibit adverbs of the early modern Chinese, and have disappeared in modern Chinese. They have the meaning of prohibition at the context of worry and request. This is very important feature of ‘sheng` & ‘shengke`. At first, ‘sheng(省)` have been constructionalized from the verb ‘sheng`, but its productivity is relatively low. It was mainly used in the form ‘省 +dissyllabic mental verb`. In contrast, ‘shengke` have been constructionalized through the wordformation, that is [[X] [ke]]. Its productivity is relatively high, and it has succeeded the original function of ‘sheng`. ‘sheng` & ‘shengke` have developed in Yuan dynasty, all of them have been used in the Yuan drama(元曲), but they showed different distribution: ‘sheng` have been used as a idiomatic phrase, but ‘shengke` maintained the original function of ‘sheng`. Because ‘shengke; have been constructionalized through the wordformation, so it has succeeded the feature of wordformation, particularly in that Chinese wordformation is part of the disyllabization of Chinese language in the early modern Chinese. In the network of Chinese constructions, ‘sheng` & ‘shengke` are nodes of Adverb-cxn, and ‘shengke` has succeeded the feature of wordformation and adverb ‘sheng`, it is an important feature of the networks of Chinese constructions. The functions of ‘shengke` have come from the succession of the networks of Adverb-cxn.
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