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Won Ki Park(朴圓記) 조선대학교 교과교육연구소 1983 교과교육연구 Vol.6 No.-
We studied the learning quantites and the details of experiments and observations in learning the field of physics, chemistry, biology and earth science which constitute the science course in the elementary schools and junior high schools. 國民學校 자연 敎科와 中學校 과학 敎科를 構成하고 있는 物理ㆍ化學ㆍ生物ㆍ地球科學分野에 對한 學習量과 實驗ㆍ觀察 등의 內容을 考察 하였다.
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논문(論文) : 고한어 양태부사 "호(好)"의 문법화와 그 발전과정
박원기 ( Won Ki Park ) 중국어문연구회 2013 中國語文論叢 Vol.0 No.59
漢語的詞語``好``有非常多樣的意思,而且타的詞類情況흔複雜,有形容詞、動詞、副詞、助動詞等等。這種情況類似于古帶,古帶的``好``也有好多意味功能。其中此文章 注重副詞的用法,硏究出``好``的情狀副詞用法즘요語法化來的。据我們的硏究,古帶的形容詞``好``逐漸語法化成副詞,這在春秋時代發生的,當時副詞``好``的意思是``友好地``,然 后通過漢代的過度時期,타的意思逐漸發生泛化,變成``用心、好好地``的意思了,到了魏晋南北朝時代,終于語法化成情狀副詞了。但是타的能産性不太高,因此,在唐宋時 期,타主要用于``好+動詞``結構的一種組成部分,而構成``好去``、``好住``等固定格式,타的情狀副詞功能轉給``好生``、``好好``等。這種情況到了明淸時代更加明顯,最后,變成了現 代帶的面目。 我們在硏究當中能구發現出情狀副詞``好``的語法化過程和타的發展過程,타按照所謂 泛化(Generalization),帶有``用心、好好地``的意思了,這是非常普遍的語法化現象之一。
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박원기 ( Park Won-ki ) 중국어문연구회 2016 中國語文論叢 Vol.0 No.75
In this article we took a construcionalist approach to Chinese language changes. Chinese verb ‘luode’ has various meanings: ⅰ) obtaining some negative results, ⅱ) obtaining some affirmative results, ⅲ) gladly do something, ⅳ) luckly get something. In these four meanings, ⅰ) has emerged at first. It also offered a basic logic for the others. The meaning ⅰ) is a Constructionalization and the others are Constructional Changes, because the meaning ⅱ), ⅲ), ⅳ) are not the creation of a formnew-meaningnew pairing. The meaning ⅰ) has originated from the ‘VdeC cxn’, thereafter it has neoanalysed to a verb ‘luode’. so we can say that this contains a kind of change of node in the network. ‘luode’ has shifted to ‘SVO cxn’, and this is a result of Constructionalization in the Chinese language. ‘luode’ is a typical lexical constructionalization.
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근대 중국어 금지성 부사 `省` 및 `省可(裏)`의 구문화
박원기 ( Park Won-ki ) 중국어문연구회 2016 中國語文論叢 Vol.0 No.77
The prohibitive adverb ‘sheng` & ‘shengke` have appeared in Tang & Song dynasties. These are prohibit adverbs of the early modern Chinese, and have disappeared in modern Chinese. They have the meaning of prohibition at the context of worry and request. This is very important feature of ‘sheng` & ‘shengke`. At first, ‘sheng(省)` have been constructionalized from the verb ‘sheng`, but its productivity is relatively low. It was mainly used in the form ‘省 +dissyllabic mental verb`. In contrast, ‘shengke` have been constructionalized through the wordformation, that is [[X] [ke]]. Its productivity is relatively high, and it has succeeded the original function of ‘sheng`. ‘sheng` & ‘shengke` have developed in Yuan dynasty, all of them have been used in the Yuan drama(元曲), but they showed different distribution: ‘sheng` have been used as a idiomatic phrase, but ‘shengke` maintained the original function of ‘sheng`. Because ‘shengke; have been constructionalized through the wordformation, so it has succeeded the feature of wordformation, particularly in that Chinese wordformation is part of the disyllabization of Chinese language in the early modern Chinese. In the network of Chinese constructions, ‘sheng` & ‘shengke` are nodes of Adverb-cxn, and ‘shengke` has succeeded the feature of wordformation and adverb ‘sheng`, it is an important feature of the networks of Chinese constructions. The functions of ‘shengke` have come from the succession of the networks of Adverb-cxn.
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논문(論文) : 부사 "직(直)"의 "간직(間直)" 의미 기능의 발전과 그 문법화
박원기 ( Won Ki Park ) 중국어문연구회 2014 中國語文論叢 Vol.0 No.61
近代漢語的副詞一般都有多種語義功能,本稿所硏究的“直”也有幾種語義功能。其包括:方式副詞、限定副詞、時間副詞、語氣副詞,而語氣副詞功能還有種:“簡直”意思、“竟然”意思、“一定、眞”意思,其中本稿主要硏究“簡直”語義的功能。副詞“直”的“簡直”語義功能語法化過程有些復雜,타的“簡直”義主要來源于動詞“直”(相當于~、等于、比如),而타的形式上的基礎是限定副詞‘直’所構成的‘“(A)+直+B+(耳)”,說話者用這種形式表達自己的確信、斷定等主觀性的見解。這個結構근動詞“直”的“比如”意思結合起來,誘發限定副詞“直”的轉喩上的變化,結果타的意思變成“簡直”的意思,能구表示[誇張性]。副詞“直”的“簡直”語義功能在魏晉南北朝時期最初誕生,“簡直”義副詞‘直’的形式和意味上的基礎是限定副詞‘直’所構成的‘“(A)+直+B+(耳)”,因此,誕生初期타的意思근限定副詞“直”有所混淆,這是一種過渡現象。到了唐宋時期非常發達,甚至出現근後綴結合的雙音節形式“直是”,但是到了明淸時期,타的出現頻率減少多了。現代漢語一般用雙音節副詞“簡直”,不太用“直”了。
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박원기 ( Won Ki Park ) 중국어문연구회 2015 中國語文論叢 Vol.0 No.69
Bai Yu Jing is the representative text of the Middle Chinese. It reflects the colloquiality of the Chinese period of Nan-Bei Dynasties. I have studied Adverbs of Bai Yu Jing. Bai Yu Jing has over 200 adverbs. It includes ‘scope’, ‘time’, ‘addition’, ‘relation’, ‘intensifier’, ‘negative’, ‘demonstrative’, ‘manner’. Among them, 130 adverbs descend from the Ancient Chinese, and 72 adverbs have been created in the period of Middle Chinese. In spite of this situation, there were much more adverbs of the Ancient Chinese in Bai Yu Jing. Most of all, the biliteral words have arisen in the period of Middle Chinese, and Part of this adverbs have created through the method of compound word, that is the combination of two synonyms. The suffix is the other method of creating adverbs, and these suffixes include ‘~zi’, ‘~fu’, ‘~er’. Bai-Yu-Jing is the Buddhist scriptures, therefore, it has 4 words rhythm, and it is relevant to the development of the biliteral words in Chinese language.
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논문(論文) : 중고중국어 어기부사 "정(定)"의 의미 분화와 문법화 과정
박원기 ( Won Ki Park ) 중국어문연구회 2014 中國語文論叢 Vol.0 No.64
中古漢語的語氣副詞“定”擁有“確實”, “終於”, “到底”, “竟然”四個語議功能。其中“確實”出現於西漢時代, 타來自於“固定, 不變”的意思; 其他三個意思都出現於東漢至西晋的200~300年的時間當中。“終於”, “竟然”的意思來自於“定”的動詞用法(“完成, 停止”的意思), 這種“定”常常構成“定~(乃)~”結構, 타的意思是“做完~就達到某種結果”, “等到~時候, 就會出現某種結果”。這種結構給“定”的語法化提供一種形式和語議上的條件: 從形式上看, 這種結構構成“定+第一結果, 第二結果”。其中, 第二個結果不再出現, 第一個結果變成一個最後結果, “定”的意思就會慢慢兒開始變化。從語議上看, “定”的後面會出現兩種情況: 一個是預料之中的; 령一個是出乎意料的。如果是預料之中的, 就會出現“終於”的意思; 如果是出乎意料的,就會出現“竟然”的意思。這種結構能구提供所謂“結果性”, “結果性”就是“終於”, “竟然”的語議基礎, 這種現象平行於語氣副詞“竟”。“定”的這種語法化過程就是典型的主觀化, 就是說說話者 對“預料之中, 出乎意料”的態度反映在“定”字上, 最後變成一種專門標志了。
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