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박옥선,황현용,이창희,신재승,Park, O.S.,Hwang, H.Y.,Lee, C.H.,Shin, J.S. 한국전자통신연구원 2016 전자통신동향분석 Vol.31 No.1
최근 들어 5G 이동통신 시스템을 위한 표준화 및 기술개발이 본격화되고 있으며, 기존 이동통신 시스템과 차별화되는 5G 이동통신 시스템의 대표적인 목표 중 하나는 사람이 휴대하는 단말기뿐만 아니라 생활 속 모든 사물을 네트워크에 연결하여 정보를 생성하고 공유하는 초연결 네트워크(Internet of Things: IoT) 구축이다. 시장 조사기관이나 다수의 전문가들은 2020년경에는 전 세계적으로 약 500억개의 디바이스가 네트워크에 연결되는 등 사물 디바이스의 폭발적 증가를 예상하며, 이를 통한 부가가치 창출과 시장이 급격히 성장할 것으로 전망하고 있다. 본고에서는 초다수의 사물 디바이스 수용을 위한 5G massive IoT 기술동향 및 이와 관련하여 현재 진행되는 3GPP 표준화 동향에 대해 기술한다.
『수제너 무디의 일기』를 통해 본 마거릿 �荑理揚�이중성의 시학
박옥선 새한영어영문학회 2001 새한영어영문학 Vol.43 No.1
The purpose of this study is to explore how Atwood embodies her vision of duplicity in The Journals of Susanna Moodie. Atwood is primarily concerned with themes of opposition or polarity. But she strives for a constructive reconciliation of various polarities. For Atwood, duplicity is a natural state that should be viewed positively, and is not to be confused with polarity. She suggests that when we reduce relationships to polar opposites - subject/object, mind/body, male/female, or culture/nautre - we set up adversary positions, in other words, the power politics of victims and victors. The Journals of Susanna Moodie is the best of Atwood's works, for it is the mythic embodiment of Atwood's vision, an emblem of Canada's cultural past and a symbol of human physiological, psychological, and linguistic doubleness. In The Journals Atwood speaks with Moodie's double voice to make the readers hear and see the possibilities or inevitability of duality. In accepting, instead of polarizing our identity, we accept the self's duplication of everything. And instead of defining ourselves over against our surroundings and each other like Moodie, the progressively insane pioneer, we must learn to accept our place within a duplistic system which we mirror and in which we are mirrored. That is the way of being which we can live in a natural creative harmony with the world.
테녹시캄과 β-시콜로멕스트린 간의 고체분산체 형성에 의한 용출 증가
박옥선,전인구 동덕여자대학교 종합약학연구소 2001 동덕약학연구지 Vol.5 No.-
The purpose of this study is to investigate the interaction of tenoxicam with various cyclodextrins (CDs) in the aqueous solution and in solid state, and finally to formulate a tablet with enhanced dissolution rate. CDs used in solubility studies were α-, β- and γ -CD, 2-hydroxypropyl-β-CD (HPCD), sulfobutyl ether-β-CD (SBCD), dimethyl-β-CD (DMCD) and trimethyl-β-CD (TMCD). The effect of CDs on the solubility of tenoxicam was observed. Solid dispersions were prepared with β-CD using solvent evaporation and freeze-drying process and physical mixtures were prepared by trituration in a mortar. The ratios of drug to carrier were 1:1 and 1:2 molar ratio. These solid dispersions were evaluated by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and dissolution studies. Solid dispersions were also formulated to tablets and then dissolution rates were compared with that of a commercial product. In aqueous solution, complex formation with α- and β-CD gives rise to Bs type solubility phase diagram, and DMCD, TMCD, HPCD and SBCD showed AL type diagrams. The solubility increase of tenoxicam was in the order of SBCD>γ-CD>β-CD>HPCD>DMCD>α-CD>TMCD. The presence of water soluble polymers such as povidone and hydroxypropyl methylcellulose in β-CD solution did not increase the solubility of tenoxicam. DSC and FT-IR studies confirmed the formation of an solid complex of tenoxicam with β-CD. Dissolution of solid dispersion was about 4-fold higher than that of drug alone and about 2-fold higher than that of physical mixture within 10 min at pH 1.2. As the ratio of carrier to drug increased, dissolution rate became faster. The dissolution rate of tenoxicam from the tablets prepared using freeze-dried solid dispersion at 1:2 molar raio was fast; more than 80% was dissolved within 15 min at pH 1.2. All tenoxicam tablets prepared using tenoxicam-β-CD solid dispersions showed more rapid dissolution rates than commercial tablets. Therefore, the solid dispersion technique is an effective method for increasing the dissolution rate of poorly water soluble tenoxicam. β-CD was thought to be a candidate carrier for preparing solid dispersion with tenoxicam.