고합급백주철에 있어서 열처리가 기지조직의 변태에 미치는 영향

신상우,류성곤,Shin, Sang-Woo,Ryu, Seong-Gon 한국재료학회 2000 한국재료학회지 Vol.10 No.6

3%C-10%Cr-5%Mo-5%W, 3%C-10%V-5%Mo-5%W 및 3%C-17%Cr-3%V의 3종류 고합금백주철에 있어서 열처리후의 기지조직의 변태거동을 연구하였다. 15kg 용량의 고주파 유도용해로에 선철, 고철, Fe-Cr, Fe-V, Fe-Mo 및 Fe-W 등을 장입시켜 용해시킨 후 슬래그를 제거시키고 $1550^{\circ}C$에서 Y-block의 펩 주형에 주입시켰다. 적당한 크기로 절단한 시편을 진공분위기하에$950^{\circ}C$에서 5시간동안 우선 균질화처리를 실시하였다. 그 후 다시 이 시편을 $1050^{\circ}C$에서 2시간동안 오스테나이징시킨 후 강제공냉을 행하였다. 강제공냉된 시편을 $300^{\circ}C$에서 3시간 유지시킨 후 템퍼링을 실시하였다. 주방상태에서의 기지조직은 3합금 공히 퍼얼라이트이었으며 강제공냉후에는 마르텐사이트 및 오스테나이트로 변태하였다. 또한 기지조직내에 무수히 많은 이차탄화물 입자들의 석출되었다. 템프링 후 일부 오스테나이트 및 마르텐사이트는 템퍼드마르텐사이트로 변태하였다. 변태하였다. Three different white cast irons alloyed with Cr, V, Mo and W were prepared in order to study their transformation behavior of matrix structures in heat-treated conditions. The specimens were produced using a 15kg-capacity high frequency induction furnace. Melts were super-heated to $1600^{\circ}C$, and poured at $1550^{\circ}C$ into Y-block pepset molds. Three combinations of the alloying elements were selected so as to obtain the different types of carbides and matrix structures : 3%C-10%Cr-5%Mo-5%W(alloy No. 1), 3%C-10%V-5%Mo-5%W(alloy No. 2) and 3%C-17%Cr-3%V(alloy No. 3). The heat-treatments were conducted as follows: frist of all, as-cast specimens were homogenized at $950^{\circ}C$ for 5h under the vacuum atmosphere. Then, they were austenitized at $1050^{\circ}C$ for 2h and followed by air-hardening in air. The air-hardened specimens were tempered at $300^{\circ}C$ for 3h. The observation of morphology of the matrix structures was carried out in the states of as-cast(AS), air-hardened(AHF) and tempered(AHFT). The matrix structures of each alloy were almost fully pearlitic in the as-cast state but it was transformed to martensite, tempered martensite and retained austenite by the heat-treatments such as air-hardening and tempering.

외상 후 정신 장애의 장해 평가에 대한 정신과 전문가의 일반 의견

이병철,류성곤,정한용,Lee, Boung Chul,Ryu, Sung-Gon,Jung, Han Yong 대한생물정신의학회 2008 생물정신의학 Vol.15 No.4

Objectives : The evaluation of disability after trauma in psychiatry is relatively subjective compared with other departments. A consensus among evaluators could improve reliability of evaluations. We compared disability rate of common psychiatric disorders without definite brain injury depending on their diagnosis from experienced evaluators in Korea. Methods : A written questionnaire was mailed to each evaluator and the reply was analyzed. The questions included disability rate ranges of postconcussional syndrome, PTSD and depression. Other questions related with admission for evaluation, expected duration of treatment, life expectancy and need of supporting person were also asked. Results : Range of disability rate were from $8.6{\pm}4.5%$ to $26.6{\pm}12.8%$ in postconcussional syndrome, from $10.4{\pm}6.8%$ to $36.4{\pm}13.8%$ in PTSD and from $10.0{\pm}4.6%$ to $30.6{\pm}10.3%$ in depressive disorder. There were lots of diversity in expected duration of treatment with psychiatric disability. Decline of life expectancy and need of supporting person were considered at least 50% of disability. Conclusion : There is much diversity in evaluation of psychiatric disabilities with disability rate and expected duration of treatments even among experienced evaluators. A common consensus among experts may increase reliability of psychiatric evaluations after trauma.

정신과에 의뢰된 노인환자의 임상적 특성

김성재(Sung Jae Kim),연병길(Byeong Kil Yeon),홍나래(Na Rei Hong),류성곤(Sung Gon Ryu),한창환(Chang Hwan Han) 대한노인정신의학회 2004 노인정신의학 Vol.8 No.2

Objective:As the geriatric admission and geropsychiatric consultation increase, more study was needed about geropsychiatric consultation. This comparative study investigates the character of geropsychiatric consultation in general hospital. Method:We compared 22 young patients (25.age<45) with 55 elderly patients (.65) who are consulted to neuropsychiatry department for the first time for 3 months (2004. 1. 1-2004. 3. 31) in Kang-Dong Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University. Data on patterns of consultation, demography, psychiatric and physical illness were collected and analyzed. Result:1) The rate of psychiatric consultations for elderly patients was 6.2%, and this rate was much higher than 1.9% of young patients. 2) There were no significant difference in referral department between the elderly group and the control group, and internal medicine was the most common referral department in both groups. 3) The main reasons of consultations were alcohol related problems and psychiatric follow up in order in control group, but sleep disturbance and disorientation in order in elderly group. 4) In elderly group, the most frequent psychiatric diagnoses made by consultants were organic brain disorder such as dementia and delirium, but in control group, they were functional psychiatric disorder such as alcohol related disorder and psychosis. 5) Psychotropic drug and follow-up consultation were two most frequent recommendations from consultants in both group. But recommendations for psychotherapy and psychosocial management were rare in both groups. 6) There were significant difference only in psychiatric transfer among compliance for psychiatric consultation between the elderly group and the control group. Compliance for recommendations were low in both groups. 7) In both group, only one follow up consultation was done. And OPD follow up after discharge was rare in both groups. Conclusion:Elderly patients need more psychiatric consultations than younger patients and has different characteristics in pattern of consultations. Further studies are warranted on geropsychiatric consultation in Korea.

5-HTTLPR과 COMT 유전자 다형성과 성격 특성에 대한 연합연구

하지현,함병주,류성곤,황태연,이종국,이유상,이정식,강대엽,최인근,이민수,Ha, Jee-Hyun,Ham, Byung-Joo,Ryu, Sung-Gon,Hwang, Tae-Yeon,Lee, Jong-Gook,Lee, Yu-Sang,Lee, Jung-Sik,Kang, Dae Yeob,Choi, Ihn-Geun,Lee, Min Soo 대한생물정신의학회 2004 생물정신의학 Vol.11 No.2

Background:Serotonin transporter gene-linked polymorphism region(5-HTTLPR) and catechol-O-methyltransferase( COMT) genes are thought to be important factors in some personality traits and the etiology of anxiety disorder. The goal of this study was to determine the role of these genes in personality traits. Method:The participants included 116 healthy adults with no history of psychiatric disorders and other physical illness for the last 6 months. All participants were tested by Temperament and Character Inventory(TCI). The 5-HTTLPR, COMT val158met gene polymorphisms were analyzed with PCR(Polymerase Chain Reaction). Differences on TCI dimensions and sub-scales among groups were examined with t-test and ANOVA. Result:There were possible relationships of the 5-HTTLPR with self-transcendence(P=0.050) and COMT val158met polymorphism with cooperativeness(P=0.053). Conclusion:We found associations between 5-HTTLPR, COMT polymorphisms and the some TCI character dimensions. Further studies of polymorphisms of other genes and their interactions may clarify the complex relationship between personality and genes.

국가정신보건전달체계내 치매의 위상

연병길(Byeong Kil Yeon),류성곤(Sung-Gon Ryu) 대한사회정신의학회 2001 사회정신의학 Vol.6 No.1

우리나라도 고령화 사회에 접어들면서 치매가 사회적 문제로 제기되고 있다. 그동안에서 연구된 여러 역학조사를 종합하면 치매의 유병율은 노인 인구의 8.3%로 279천명의 치매 노인이 있다고 추계된다. 정부는 1996년 치매 노인 10년 대책을 발표한 이후 치매전문요양병원, 노인전문요양시설, 재가 노인복지시설. 재가노인복지시설 등을 확충하고자 노력해 왔다. 그러나 아직도 이러한 시설들이 치매 노인의 수에 비하여 매우 부족하며 주로 생활보호대상자를 대상으로 하고 있다. 정부의 치매에 대한 정책은 시설 위주로 치매 환자를 위한 효과적인 프로그램 개발은 이루어지지 못하고 있다. 또한 치매 환자를 등록하고 종합관리하며 치매 관련 기관을 유기적으로 연결시켜 치료 전달 시스템을 확립할 수 있는 중심기관의 필요하다. 그리고 치매 전문인력의 양성과 의료보험제도의 개선이 치매 환자의 효과적인 치료를 위하여 반드시 필요하다. Dementia is raising many social issues as Korean society becomes aging society. According to epidemiological studies the prevalence of dementia is 8.3% of the aged population and it is calculated that 279,000 of elderly suffers from dementia at present. Since announced“10 year-policy toward dementia”, Korean government has tried to increase the number of special care facilities for dementic patient, special facilities for elderly and facilities providing at-home welfare services . But these facilities are insufficient for dementic patients and centered to the indigent elderly. Still it has not been developed efficient and effective programs for dementic patients. It is suggested that a new national institution has to be established to register and manage dementic patients, to establish health care delivery system organizing special facilities for dementia patients. It is also presented the necessities of training experts for dementia patients and the improvement of insurance system.

Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor(BNDF) Val66Met 유전자 다형성과 성격 특성에 대한 연합연구

함병주,안희범,조수민,류성곤,최명진,이민수,최인근,Ham, Byung-Joo,An, Hwei-Beom,Cho, Su-Min,Ryu, Sung-Gon,Choi, Myoung-Jin,Lee, Min-Soo,Choi, Ihn-Geun 대한생물정신의학회 2005 생물정신의학 Vol.12 No.2

Background:Brain-derived neurotrophic factor(BDNF) genes are thought to be important factors in some personality traits. The goal of this study was to determine the role of these genes in personality traits. Method:The participants included 170 healthy adults with no history of psychiatric disorders and other physical illnesses for the last 6 months. All participants were tested by the Temperament and Character Inventory (TCI). BDNF Val64Met gene polymorphisms were analyzed with PCR(Polymerase Chain Reaction). Differences on TCI dimensions and sub-scales among groups were examined with ANOVA. Result:There was a significant correlation between BDNF Val64Met and Persistence(PS)(p=0.036) in female subjects, but none with the other TCI dimensions. A post-hoc comparison revealed significant a difference between Val/Val and Met/Met (p=0.031). Conclusion:Our study suggests that the BDNF Val64Met gene polymorphism is associated with persistence in Korean female subjects, but the small number of subjects limits generalization of our results. Further studies with a larger number of homogenous subjects are needed to confirm whether the BDNF gene is related to personality traits.

노인요양보장제도의 요양 대상 평가 도구의 타당도에 관한 연구

홍나래(Na Rei Hong),연병길(Byeong Kil Yeon),김현철(Hyun Cheol Kim),류성곤(Sung Gon Ryu),정갑희(Gab Hee Chung),한창환(Chang Hwan Han) 대한노인정신의학회 2005 노인정신의학 Vol.9 No.2

Objectives : For the further development of the Korean Long-Term Care System, we analyzed the validity of the assessment tools of cognitive impairment and behavioral problems for the Korean Long-Term Care System. Methods : We investigated 326 elderly people who were residing in Onyang 4-dong and Dogo-myun, Asan-si, Chungcheongnamdo. Our research team visited their residence and performed the assessment tools for the Korean Long-Term Care System and Korean version of the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE-K), Neuropsychiatric Inventory-Questionnaire (NPI-Q) and Seoul-Instrumental Activities of Daily Living (S-IADL). Results : The correlation between the cognitive function tests and MMSE-K (r=0.579, p<0.001) and that between the behavioral problem tests and NPI-Q (r=0.688, p<0.001) were not as good as we expected. Moreover, if the items of the behavioral problem tests were decreased to 10 items as the government wanted, we got much lower correlation coefficiency. The cognitive function tests could not detect early cognitive deterioration in dementia. Conclusion : The assessment tools of cognitive impairment and behavioral problems for the Korean Long-Term Care System need modifications to promote validity.

하남시 여성결혼이민자의 정신건강에 대한 예비연구

조현정(Hyun Jung Jo),연병길(Byeong Kil Yeon),한창환(Chang Hwan Han),류성곤(Seong Gon Ryu),이상신(Sang-Shin Lee) 대한사회정신의학회 2012 사회정신의학 Vol.17 No.2

목 적 : 최근 결혼이민자가 급격히 증가하면서 결혼이민자의 한국사회로의 적응 문제와 함께 정신건강에 대한 연구가 활발해졌다. 본 연구에서는 여성결혼이민자의 정신건강상태와 이것에 영향을 줄 수 있는 요인에 대해 알아보고자 한다. 방 법 : 하남시에 거주하고 있는 여성결혼이민자 76명을 대상군으로, 한국인 여성 41명을 대조군으로 선정 하였다. 결혼이민자의 정신건강 상태를 평가하기 위하여 Beck 우울척도, Beck 불안 척도, 자살의도척도, 문화적응스트레스척도, 가족스트레스 척도를 시행하였다. 결 과 : 우울감의 경우 인구학적 요인에서는 동거인 수가 많을수록 우울감이 증가하는 것으로 조사 되었다. 문화적 차이에 따른 주변의 이해 부족이 우울감과 유의한 상관관계를 보이는 요소로 나타났다. 불안감의 경우 인구학적 차이 보다는 외적 스트레스 요인이 악화 요인으로 조사 되었다. 자살 의도의 경우 역시 인구학적 차이 보다는 우울, 불안 등 정서적 불안적이 악화 요인으로 고려되었으며 특히 생활에서 비롯되는 스트레스가 자살 사고를 악화 시키는 것으로 평가 되었다. 결 론 : 이상의 결과에서 여성결혼이민자들의 정신건강에 영향을 주는 요인이 정착 후 적응 과정의 문제뿐만이 아니라, 외적 상황에서 비롯되는 스트레스 또한 중요한 요인임을 알 수 있었다. 본 연구를 통해 결혼이민자들의 사회적 안정을 위한 대책마련에 도움을 줄수 있을 것으로 사료된다. Objectives : This study was purposed to examine the mental health in international marriage immigrants and it’s relating factors. Methods : 76 immigrant women (41 Vietnamese, 35 Chinese) and 41 Korean women were enrolled in this study. Participants were administered Beck Depression Inventory, Beck Anxiety Inventory, Scale for Suicide Ideation, Acculturative Stress Scale for International Student, Family Inventory of Life Events and changes to examine mental health. Results : Immigrant women had more family members feel more depressed. And lack of understanding about cultural differences is related to feel depressed. Anxiety has more connection with external stress factors more than demographic differences. Suicidal intention also has more relation with emotional unstabilitiy than demographic factors. Especially life stress seems to aggravate suicidal idea. Conclusion : This study suggest that factors related immigrant women’s mental health is not only adaptational problem, but also external stress factors.

취약계층과 안전계층 노인에서 우울증상과 인지기능 저하가 자살의도에 미치는 영향

서경훈(Kyung Hoon Suh),최경화(Kyung-Hwa Choi),황재연(Jae Yeon Hwang),임경미(Kyung Mi Yim),전영주(Yeong Ju Jeon),김형준(Hyung Joon Kim),한창환(Chang Hwan Han),류성곤(Sung Gon Ryu) 대한사회정신의학회 2015 사회정신의학 Vol.20 No.2

연구목적 : 본 연구의 목적은 노인 인구 집단에서 취약성에 따라 우울 증상과 인지 장애가 자살 사고에 미치는 영향을 알아보고자 함이다. 방 법 : 총 347명의 65세 이상 지역사회 거주 노인들을 대상으로 모집하여 그들의 사회인구학적 정보, 가족관계, 건강 상태, CAGE 점수, 스트레스 정도, 단축형 노인우울척도 점수를 수집하였다. 인지 장애와 자살 사고는 각각 한국판 간이 정신상태 판별검사, 자살생각 척도를 이용하여 평가되었다. 결 과 : 취약 계층에서 자살사고의 유병률은 18.5%, 안전 계층에서는 8.2%였다. 취약계층에서의 우울 증상은 자살사고와 관련이 있었다(Odds ratio : 6.1, 95% confidence interval : 1.93 to 19.33). 결 론 : 본 연구에서, 낮은 사회경제적 상태에 있는 취약 계층의 노인이 안전 계층의 노인에 비해 자살 사고의 위험이 높았다. 이 결과는 미래의 정신 보건 정책이 낮은 사회경제적 상태에 있는 지역사회 거주 노인들의 중요성을 고려하여야 한다는 점을 시사한다. Objectives : The purpose of this study was to examine the influence of depressive symptoms and cognitive impairment on suicidal ideation in an elderly population, according to vulnerability. Methods : A total of the 347 community-dwelling elderly individuals aged 65 years or older were recruited and information on their sociodemographics, family relationships, health status, CAGE (Cut down, Annoyed, Guilty, Eye-opener) scores, stress levels, and scores on the Korean version of the Short Geriatric Depression Scale was collected using questionnaires. Cognitive impairment and suicidal ideation were evaluated by using the Mini Mental Status Exam-Korean version (MMSE-K) and the Scale for Suicide Ideation (SSI), respectively. Results : The prevalence of suicidal ideation in the vulnerable group was 18.5% and in the secure group was 8.2%. The presence of depressive symptoms in the vulnerable group was associated with suicidal ideation (Odds ratio : 6.1, 95% confidence interval : 1.93 to 19.33). Conclusion : In this study, the risk of suicidal ideation in the vulnerable group consisting of low-socioeconomic status elderly individuals was higher than that in the safety group. These results suggest that future mental healthcare policies should consider the importance of community-dwelling elderly individuals with low-socioeconomic status.