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김창휘,차성호,신손문,김천수,최영륜,홍영진,최명재,김광남,허재균,조대선,김성신,이상락,송은송,Gunasekaran Ramakrishnan,옥진주,Olivier Van Der Meeren,Hans Bock,김정수 대한소아감염학회 2010 Pediatric Infection and Vaccine Vol.17 No.2
Purpose : To compare immunogenicity and reactogenicity of a combined diphtheria-tetanus-acellular pertussis-inactivated poliovirus vaccine (DTPa-IPV, InfanrixTM IPV, GlaxoSmithKline Biologicals) with co-administration of commercially available DTPa and IPV vaccines at separate injection sites (DTPa+IPV). Methods : A total of 458 infants aged 8-12 weeks were randomized to receive three-dose primary vaccination at 2, 4 and 6 months with DTPa-IPV or DTPa+IPV. Blood samples were collected pre and post vaccination for measurement of immune responses. Reactogenicity was assessed following each dose using diary cards. Results : One month post-dose 3, seroprotection rates for anti-diphtheria, anti-tetanus and anti-poliovirus types 1, 2 and 3 were ≥99.5% and vaccine response rates to pertussis antigens were at least 98.6% in both DTPa-IPV and DTPa + IPV groups. Non-inferiority between the groups was demonstrated based on pre-defined statistical criteria. Incidences of both local and systemic symptoms were within the same range across both groups with grade 3 symptoms reported following no more than 4.3% of DTPa-IPV doses and 4.5% of DTPa + IPV doses. Two serious adverse events (both pyrexia) after DTPa-IPV administration were considered vaccine-related. Both infants recovered fully. Conclusion : Combined DTPa-IPV vaccine was immunogenic and well tolerated when used as a three-dose primary vaccination course in Korean infants. DTPa-IPV could be incorporated into the Korean vaccination schedule, reducing the number of injections required to complete primary immunization.
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공공디자인에 의한 도시문제 해결의 법적 과제에 관한 연구- 범죄예방을 중심으로 -
김창휘 경찰대학 치안정책연구소 2017 치안정책연구 Vol.31 No.3
The first duty of police is to protect people’s lives, bodies, and properties. For this duty, a police prevents, suppresses, and investigates crime, and crime prevention is the best way to perform this duty. As a measure of crime prevention, the CPTED (Crime Prevention Through Environmental Design) containing design components or meanings is being highlighted. Various environmental design to prevent crime within cities may be regarded only as structures in general, but now, necessities of the CPTED in various fields such as public facilities or structures are being discussed. Not only laws and regulations by the government but also ordinances by local governments concentrate on crime prevention through the CPTED. However, there are limits in effect of the CPTED as only one or two articles within individual laws and regulations have been enacted without fundamental and consolidated laws. Above all, there are not enough administrative and financial measures to introduce essence of the CPTED, and as the CPTED is concentrated on physical improvement, there are issues in follow-up management. Moreover, there is insufficient improvement on awareness by the parties of interests for sustainable administration, and the infrastructures and systems (public official, expert, community involvement, etc.) are still far behind for effective support. Especially, since the physical environmental improvement through the CPTED makes cities to be fragmented, the entire natural landscape of a city and the CPTED may not create the overall harmony. When the aesthetic components and functions as crime prevention of the CPTED, or the public design component, harmonize with urban natural landscape, the quality of urban people’s life is improved, and a city may be branded for its sustainability. With respect to the above, the correlation between the Landscape Act and the Public Design Promotion Act has been reviewed. In this study, the laws and regulations to secure effectiveness of the CPTED as a type of public design have been reviewed. Moreover, to prevent possible fragmentation of cities from the CPTED as a part of urban physical improvement of building-oriented and facility-oriented, the relationship between the Landscape Act and the Public Design Promotion Act has been reviewed. 경찰의 임무 중 첫째는 국민의 생명․신체 및 재산의 보호이다. 그 임무를 수행하기 위해서는 범죄의 예방․진압 및 수사를 한다. 무엇보다 범죄의 예방이 가장 좋은 임무수행 방법이다. 범죄의 예방 수단으로 디자인적 요소 내지는 의미가 담겨있는 CPTED(환경설계를 통한 범죄예방, 셉테드)가 주목을 받고 있다. 도시의 범죄를 예방하기 위한 각종의 환경설계를 말하는 바, 일반적으로 건축물에 좁혀 생각되기도 하지만, 이제 그 범위를 넓혀 공공시설물, 구조물 등 다양한 영역에서 셉테드의 필요성이 논의되고 있다. 국가적 차원의 법률은 물론이며 지방자치단체에서도 조례를 통하여 셉테드를 통한 범죄예방에 관심을 기울이고 있다. 그러나 셉테드 관련 단일․기본법이 제정되지 않은 상태에서 개별법의 한 두 조항을 중심으로 운영되면서 그 효과의 한계가 드러나고 있는 실정이다. 무엇보다도 셉테드의 필수적 도입을 위한 행․재정적 수단이 부족하며, 셉테드가 물리적 개선에 치중 되면서 사후 관리의 문제가 발생되고 있다. 또한 지속적 운영을 위한 이해관계인들을 중심으로 한 인식개선이 부족하다. 또한 셉테드를 효과적으로 지원할 수 있는 시스템구축(공무원, 전문가, 주민참여 등)이 부족하다. 특별히 셉테드를 통한 물리적 환경개선이 도시를 파편적 만들게 됨으로 인하여, 결국 도시 전체의 자연경관과 조화를 이루지 못하게 되는 문제점이 발생하게 된다. 셉테드의 심미적 요소와 범죄예방 기능을 갖춘, 즉 공공디자인적 요소가 도시의 자연경관과 상호 조화롭게 진행될 때 도시에 살고 있는 국민의 삶의 질은 향상되고 도시는 브랜드화 되어 지속가능한 도시가 될 수 있는 것이다. 본 연구에서는 셉테드와 관련된 개별법의 문제점을 검토하고, 공공디자인의 한 유형으로서 셉테드의 실효성 확보를 위한 법제의 검토를 함과 아울러 건물 중심, 시설 중심 등 물리적 개선으로 인한 도시의 한 부분적 차원에서 셉테드가 보여질 수 있는 도시의 파편화를 예방하기 위해서 「경관법」과 「공공디자인의 진흥에 관한 법률」과의 관계를 어떻게 해야 할 것인지를 검토하였다
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김창휘 순천향의학연구소 2008 Journal of Soonchunhyang Medical Science Vol.14 No.2
Rotavirus is the most common cause of severe gastroenteritis in infants and young chilren throughout the world. And the rates of rotavirus gastroenteritis among children in industrialized and less developed countries are similar. Therefore rotavirus vaccine would have universal application as part of immunization program. And cost-effectiveness analyses have shown that rotavirus immunization program would be cost-effective from the perspective of society and the health care system. On the base of a number of effective clinical trial in infants worldwide, 2 recently developed vaccines, pentavalent human-bovine reassortant rotavirus vaccine(RotaTeq )and human rotavirus Ⓡ vaccine(RotarixTM) were licensed in the United States and Korea, recently. These 2 vaccines are high efficacy, excellent tolerability, and no increased risk of intussusception in each clinical trials of more than 60,000 infants. Vaccination against rotavirus will substantially reduce rotavirus gastroenteritis associated morbidity and mortality.
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