육우 수정란의 간역동결 및 융해방법에 관한 연구 4 . 내동제에 sucrose 첨가시 간역동결과 식빙방법이 FDA test 에 의한 가토수정란 생존율에 미치는 영향

김중계(J . K . Kim),김철균(C . K . Kim),강만종(M . J . Kang),장덕지(D . J . Chang),김승호(S . H . Kim) 한국축산학회 1988 한국축산학회지 Vol.30 No.10

Effects of simplified procedures of freezing in a liquid nitrogen container and seeding on rabbit embryo survival rates were determined using the FDA test. The results found are summarized as follows: 1. When a single-step addition and removal of a cryoprotectant and a diluent, both containing 10% sucrose was used, seeding with a pincette resulted in a lower FDA test score (2.8) than that without seeding (3.2), but there was no significant differences. 2. Test score was 3.1, 3.2, 3.3 or 3.0 for embryos frozen in a liquid nitrogen container at the rate of 0.3℃, 3^5℃, 15℃/min or frozen in the gas phase 2∼5 mm above the liquid nitrogen and then inserted them into the liquid nitrogen, respectively. No significant differences were found between the freezing methods. 3. The FDA test was considered to be a simple and inexpensive procedure, as compared to the conventional test of embryo survival after culturing in CO₂ incubator.

토끼의 수정란 이식에 있어서 난세포 분열기와 이식부위에 관한 연구

김중계,서국성,신원집,오연각,설동섭,김상철,이용빈 ( J . K . Kim,G . S . Suh,W . J . Shin,Y . K . Oh,D . S . Sul,S . C . Kim,Y . B . Lee ) 한국축산학회 1974 한국축산학회지 Vol.16 No.1

This experiment was carried out to study a suitable method of fertilized ova transfer in the rabbit. A total of 160 ova at 2 to 16 cell stages or at 16 cell to morula stages from superovulated donors were transferred at the rate of 8 per animal to the fallopian tubes and uterus of 20 recipient females, mated 24 hrs. earlier to vasectomised male. Irrespective of the site of transfer, the proportion of ova developing to term following 16 cell to morula stage transfers was more than that following 2-to 16 cell stage transfers. And uterus transfers were more successful than fallopian transfers in both 2 to 16 cell stages and 16 cell to morula stages. The results with 16 cell to morula stage transfers at the uterus were better than those in any other groups. Fourteen of 20 recipients became pregnant, of which il produced a total of 32 offsprings, and litter size averaged 2.9 with variation from 1 to 6.

제주한우의 사양관리와 번식상황이 격년분만에 미치는 영향 3 . 제주한우의 사료급여 수준이 번식상황에 미치는 영향

김중계,김문철,김승찬 ( Jung Kye Kim,Moon chul Kim,Seun chan Kim ) 한국축산학회 1985 한국축산학회지 Vol.27 No.5

This investigation was conducted to find the effect of different levels of supplementary feeding on reproductive performance and calving disorders. Six hundred Cheju native and Cheju crossbred cows were divided into three groups (A, B and C) and fed different levels of supplementary feed. 1. The age of first insemination of heifer in group A (fed over 1 ㎏/day of various brans) was 2-7 months earlier than those of group B (less than 1 ㎏/day of various brans) and group C (hay only). 2. The first calving age in groups (A and B) was 6-7 months earlier than cows in group C. 3. The calving interval in groups A and B was reduced by 3 months and the recurence of estrus after parturition was 20 days earlier than cows in group C. There was, however, no significant difference in estrus cycle and gestation period when cows were fed different nutritional levels.

육우 수정란의 간역동결 및 융해방법에 관한 연구 3 . Sucrose 첨가한 glycerol 희석액에 간역동결 및 융해방법이 가토수정란 생존율에 미치는 영향

김중계(J . K . Kim),김철균(C . K . Kim),강만종(M . J . Kang),김영훈(Y . H . Kim),강민수(M . S . Kang) 한국축산학회 1988 한국축산학회지 Vol.30 No.10

This study was conducted to simplify the method for glycerol addition (a single step; 1S and 3-step addition; 3S) and diluent with 10% sucrose, and the method for freezing. Survival rates of rabbit embryos cultured after frozen in a liquid nitrogen container with different methods and thawed at different temperatures were determined. The summarized results are the following. 1. The embryo survival rates when a cryoprotectant diluent containing 10% sucrose were 75.3% (1S) and 69.8% (3S) (p $lt;0.05). 2. The survival rate of embryos cultured after thawed in a water bath at 38℃ or 5℃ was 75.5 or 69.6%, respectively (p $lt;0.05). 3. The survival rate of embryos thawed and cultured after the embryos at room temperature were frozen in a liquid nitrogen down to -7℃ at the rate of 1℃/min and then 0.3℃ (1 F), 3∼5℃(2F) 15℃/min (3F) or frozen in the gas phase 2 - 5 mm above the liquid nitrogen for 5 min and then inside the liquid nitrogen (4F) was 78, 71, 62 or 63%, respectively (p $lt;0.05). 4. The above results indicate that 1S (vs 3S), thawing at 38℃ (vs 5℃) and 1F (vs the others) showed higher embryo survival rates. However, the rapid freezing methods (2F, 3F and 4F) was considered relatively good.

돼지의 조정기능발달과 정액성상에 관한 연구

김중계,이용빈 ( Jung Kye Kim,Yong Bin Lee ) 한국축산학회 1975 한국축산학회지 Vol.17 No.3

This study was carried out to investigate the effects of nutritional conditions and breeds on spermatogenic function and sexual maturity of boar during growing period. Each eight heads of pure and cross breeds were respectively divided into two groups fed one for 100% of NRC (National Research Concil) nutritional requirement (standard feeding) and other for 70% of NRC nutritional requirement (limited feeding) during 14 months and investigated their growth rate, development of testis, spermatogenesis, semen quality and freezability. The results obtained are as follows; 1. The standard feeding boars showed significantly (P$lt;0.01) higher body weight han the limited one and the crossbred also showed higher body weight gain than the purebred during growing period, however there was no significant difference between pure and cross breeds. 2. Circumference of scrotum and length, and width of testis of the standard feeding boars were higher than those of the limited feeding and testicular growth rate of the crossbred was about one month earlier than that of the purebred. There was significant (P$lt;0.01) positive correlation between body weight and circumference of scrotum, length and width of testis. 3. Diameter of seminiferous tubule of pig aged at 8 months was 235μ for the standard feeding and 214μ for the limited feeding respectively. The standard feeding showed slightly higher value than the limited feeding. However, there was no significant difference between the two levels. There was no difference in diameter of seminiferous tubules between pure and cross breeds. 4. In case of the standard feeding, spermatogonia were appeared in the seminiferous tubules at 2 months of age, spermatocytes at 3 months, and spermatozoa at 5 months. However, in case of the limited feeding one among four heads showed spermatogonia in seminiferous tubules at 3 months of age, and one among four showed spermatozoa at 5 months of age. Appearance of sperm cells in seminiferous tubules of the limited feeding was one month later than that of the standard feeding. 5. In case of the standard feeding, the crossbred reached at puberty (75㎏) on 170 days after birth and the purebred on 215 days. However in case of the limited feeding the crossbred on 209 days and the purebred on 262 days respectively. The standard feeding boars reached at puberty on average 197 days after birth, but the limited feeding boars reached on average 236 days. The boar on standard feeding reached at puberty 39 days earlier than the boar on limited feeding. The boar on standard feeding showed the mounting desire on dummy earlier than the boars on limited feeding, and the crossbred also showed more strong desire to mount dummy than the purebred. 6. The boar on standard feeding showed highly significant in total volume of semen (p$lt;0.01) and in total number of spermatozoa than the boar on limited feeding, and the crossbred showed slightly higher total volume of semen and total number of spermatozoa than the purebred but there were no significant differences between cross and pure breeds. The percentages cf droplet spermatozoa and abnormal spermatozoa showed no difference between two nutritional levels and two breeds, respectively. The droplet spermatozoa in initial ejaculation was 45%, however that in ejaculation from 14 months aged boar was 5-9.9%. 7. Semen volume, total number of spermatozoa, percentage of droplet spermatozoa and abnormal spermatozoa of the boar on standard feeding during 14 months were 293.4㎖. 466.4×10^8, 5.67% and 6.72% respectively, and those of the limited feeding were 206.7㎖, 467×10^8, 7.2% and 7.2% respectively. The volume of semen has positive correlation with number of spermatozoa, content of gelatin, number of normal spermatozoa, number of live sperm and ejaculation time. However number of droplet spermatozoa has negative correlation with number of abnormal spermatozoa. 8. There were no differences in pH, specific gravity and reflection r

간이동결방법에 의한 냉동정액이 보존액 및 보존기간별 정액성장과 수태 미치는 영향

김중계 ( C K Kim ),이계석 ( K S Lee ) 한국축산학회 1970 한국축산학회지 Vol.12 No.2

The experiment was conducted from March 1, 1967 to December 30, 1968 to study the influence on sperm motility and conception rate of the two extenders, egg-yolk citrate and dried skim milk and of the storage days of bull semen frozen by the simple and modified freezing methods. 1. There was no significant difference in sperum motility between egg-yolk citrate and dried skim milk and between the 100 and 200 days storage of frozen semen. 2. The non-return rates (90∼120days) for egg-yolk citrate and dried skim milk extender were 61.1% and 57.2%. respectively. 3. The conception rate of frozen semen was not decreased during the freezing period in the Liquid Nitrogen Container.

육우 수정란의 간역동결 및 융해방법에 관한 연구 1 . PMSG , HCG 투여가 가토 과배란 유기에 미치는 영향

김중계(J . K . Kim),김철균(C . K . Kim),이규훈(K . H . Lee),김동철(D . C . Kim),강민수(M . S . Kang) 한국축산학회 1988 한국축산학회지 Vol.30 No.9

Effects of the injection levels of PMSG and HCG and injection time on the induction of superovulation of rabbits were determined. In experiment 1 adult female rabbits were intramuscularly injected with 200 IU, 50 IU per day for consecutive 2 days (100 IU) or 100 IU of PMSG, respectively. HCG were injected to all rabbits 48 hrs after the PMSG, In experiment 2 rabbits were injected 100 IU of PMSG and 100 IU HCG(48 hrs after the PMSG) at the stage A(+), B(++) and C(+++); divided according to the degree of vaginal redness. Rabbits were allowed to mate and their reproductive organs were surgically removed 48 to 50 hours after the mating. The size of ovaries, the number of follicles and hemorrhagic follicles, ovulation points and the recovery of embroyos were determined, The results are summarized as follows: 1. The number of follicles (hemorrhagic follicles) obtained in rabbits injected with 200 IU, 50 IU twice or 100 IU of PMSG was 21.5(42.2), 22.7(10.8) or 20.9(16.2), respectively. 2. The size of ovaries was not different between rabbits injected with 100 IU of PMSG at vaginal stage A, B and C. However, the number of follicles (hemorrhagic follicles) were greater in rabbits injected at stage C than in those injected at stage A or B. 3. The number of ovulation points (recovery rate of embryos) in rabbits injected with 200 IU, 50 IU twice or 100 IU of PMSG was 23.2(94%), 16.3(81%) or 22.1(86%), respectively. 4. The number of ovulation points (recovery rate of embryos) in rabbits injected with 100 IU of PMSG at vaginal stage A, B or C was 32.4(91%), 18.0(84%.) or 9.8(76%), respectively. 5. The results indicate that the single injection of 100 IU PMSG at vaginal stage A was the best in terms of the follicle quality, the ovulation points and the recovery of embryos.

제주마의 번식과정에 있어서 혈중 Steroid Hormone 수준변화에 관한 연구 1 . 성성열과 발정주기중의 혈중 Estradiol -17β , Progesterone 수준변화

김중계(J . K . Kim),장덕지(D . G . Chang),서문현(M . H . Seo) 한국축산학회 1990 한국축산학회지 Vol.32 No.7

The reproductive status of 428 heads of Cheju pony mares raised on Cheju island was investigated to improve the reproductive efficiency and to get fundamental data for Cheju pony mares. 1. The average ages at the first estrus and the first foaling were 15.1±1.59 and 38.9±5.48 months, respectively, the differences among the feeding farms were great. 2. The average durations of estrus, estrus cycle, gestation period and foaling interval of mares were 5.7±1.81. 20.8±2.42, 333.9±5.41 and 432.6±134.2 days, respectively. 3. The average parturition rate was 60.9% and the differences among the feeding farms were great: The highest parturition rate was 71.4% for Cheju national monumental pony mares. 4. The reccurrence of estrus after foaling excluding and including alternate year foaling were 21.5±19.0, 114.3±133.84 days, respectively. 5. Seasonal variations of estrous mares were 49.4% goes to summer, 45.2% spring, 3.1%, winter and 2.3% autumn.

제주도입 Holstein 에 있어서 호르몬 처리가 난소반응 수태 및 분만에 미치는 영향 2 . 성선극척 ( 性腺戟刺 ) Hormone 처리가 난소장해우의 난소반응

장덕지,김중계 ( Duck Gi Chang,Jung Kye Kim ) 한국축산학회 1982 한국축산학회지 Vol.24 No.5

This study was carried out to investigate the effects of PMSG, HCG or PMSG + HCG treatment on ovarian responses and fertility in 50 imported Holstein with ovarian hypoplasia symptom. The results were as follow; 1. Number of Holstein showed the first estrus after gonadotropin treatment was 14 (70%) out of 20 heads in PMSG (1,000IU) Treatment, 2(20%) out of 10 heads in HCG (2,000IU) treatment, and 16(8%) out of 20 heads in PMS + HCG Treatment, respectively. 2. The ovarian hypoplasia heifers treated with PMSG + HCG was superior to the other treatments in percentage of normal estrus, number of developing follicle, percentage of ovulation, and rate of conception. 3. The calving rate and multiple birth rate following PMSG + HCG treatment in anestrus heifers was 123% and 15.3% respectively.

제주한우의 사양관리와 번식상황이 격년분만에 미치는 영향 2 . 제주한우의 사사기간 중 사료급여상황 및 우체중변화에 관한 조사연구

김문철,김중계,김승찬 ( Monn chul Kim,Jung Key Kim,Seung chan Kim ) 한국축산학회 1985 한국축산학회지 Vol.27 No.4

To investigate the effect of giving different feeds, during the winter, 412 Cheju native and cross bred cows and heifers housed in villages were studied. 1. Results showed no appreciable difference amongst the 5 villages feeding different foods during the winter period. Percentage of farms feeding various brans, over 1㎏ per day, was 4.8%; a small quantity (0.5㎏) of various brans was fed daily to 46.6% and those feeding only natural hay, 48.6% 2. The number of villages feeding various braes is increasing and those feeding hay decreasing. Cattle weights decreased by 20-30㎏ monthly per head during the winter feeding period (Jan: Apr.) but by May increased in the range of 10-20㎏ per head with arrival of the new grass. 3. Comparison of monthly body weight changes of Cheju native cows and cross breds, Brahman cross breds showed the least body weight changes during winter while native and Santa cross bred cows the weight changes were considerable.