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제주마의 번식과정에 있어서 혈중 Steroid Hormone 수준변화에 관한 연구 1 . 성성열과 발정주기중의 혈중 Estradiol -17β , Progesterone 수준변화
김중계(J . K . Kim),장덕지(D . G . Chang),서문현(M . H . Seo) 한국축산학회 1990 한국축산학회지 Vol.32 No.7
The reproductive status of 428 heads of Cheju pony mares raised on Cheju island was investigated to improve the reproductive efficiency and to get fundamental data for Cheju pony mares. 1. The average ages at the first estrus and the first foaling were 15.1±1.59 and 38.9±5.48 months, respectively, the differences among the feeding farms were great. 2. The average durations of estrus, estrus cycle, gestation period and foaling interval of mares were 5.7±1.81. 20.8±2.42, 333.9±5.41 and 432.6±134.2 days, respectively. 3. The average parturition rate was 60.9% and the differences among the feeding farms were great: The highest parturition rate was 71.4% for Cheju national monumental pony mares. 4. The reccurrence of estrus after foaling excluding and including alternate year foaling were 21.5±19.0, 114.3±133.84 days, respectively. 5. Seasonal variations of estrous mares were 49.4% goes to summer, 45.2% spring, 3.1%, winter and 2.3% autumn.
육우 수정란의 간역동결 및 융해방법에 관한 연구 1 . PMSG , HCG 투여가 가토 과배란 유기에 미치는 영향
김중계(J . K . Kim),김철균(C . K . Kim),이규훈(K . H . Lee),김동철(D . C . Kim),강민수(M . S . Kang) 한국축산학회 1988 한국축산학회지 Vol.30 No.9
Effects of the injection levels of PMSG and HCG and injection time on the induction of superovulation of rabbits were determined. In experiment 1 adult female rabbits were intramuscularly injected with 200 IU, 50 IU per day for consecutive 2 days (100 IU) or 100 IU of PMSG, respectively. HCG were injected to all rabbits 48 hrs after the PMSG, In experiment 2 rabbits were injected 100 IU of PMSG and 100 IU HCG(48 hrs after the PMSG) at the stage A(+), B(++) and C(+++); divided according to the degree of vaginal redness. Rabbits were allowed to mate and their reproductive organs were surgically removed 48 to 50 hours after the mating. The size of ovaries, the number of follicles and hemorrhagic follicles, ovulation points and the recovery of embroyos were determined, The results are summarized as follows: 1. The number of follicles (hemorrhagic follicles) obtained in rabbits injected with 200 IU, 50 IU twice or 100 IU of PMSG was 21.5(42.2), 22.7(10.8) or 20.9(16.2), respectively. 2. The size of ovaries was not different between rabbits injected with 100 IU of PMSG at vaginal stage A, B and C. However, the number of follicles (hemorrhagic follicles) were greater in rabbits injected at stage C than in those injected at stage A or B. 3. The number of ovulation points (recovery rate of embryos) in rabbits injected with 200 IU, 50 IU twice or 100 IU of PMSG was 23.2(94%), 16.3(81%) or 22.1(86%), respectively. 4. The number of ovulation points (recovery rate of embryos) in rabbits injected with 100 IU of PMSG at vaginal stage A, B or C was 32.4(91%), 18.0(84%.) or 9.8(76%), respectively. 5. The results indicate that the single injection of 100 IU PMSG at vaginal stage A was the best in terms of the follicle quality, the ovulation points and the recovery of embryos.
육우 수정란의 간역동결 및 융해방법에 관한 연구 4 . 내동제에 sucrose 첨가시 간역동결과 식빙방법이 FDA test 에 의한 가토수정란 생존율에 미치는 영향
김중계(J . K . Kim),김철균(C . K . Kim),강만종(M . J . Kang),장덕지(D . J . Chang),김승호(S . H . Kim) 한국축산학회 1988 한국축산학회지 Vol.30 No.10
Effects of simplified procedures of freezing in a liquid nitrogen container and seeding on rabbit embryo survival rates were determined using the FDA test. The results found are summarized as follows: 1. When a single-step addition and removal of a cryoprotectant and a diluent, both containing 10% sucrose was used, seeding with a pincette resulted in a lower FDA test score (2.8) than that without seeding (3.2), but there was no significant differences. 2. Test score was 3.1, 3.2, 3.3 or 3.0 for embryos frozen in a liquid nitrogen container at the rate of 0.3℃, 3^5℃, 15℃/min or frozen in the gas phase 2∼5 mm above the liquid nitrogen and then inserted them into the liquid nitrogen, respectively. No significant differences were found between the freezing methods. 3. The FDA test was considered to be a simple and inexpensive procedure, as compared to the conventional test of embryo survival after culturing in CO₂ incubator.
토끼의 수정란 이식에 있어서 난세포 분열기와 이식부위에 관한 연구
김중계,서국성,신원집,오연각,설동섭,김상철,이용빈 ( J . K . Kim,G . S . Suh,W . J . Shin,Y . K . Oh,D . S . Sul,S . C . Kim,Y . B . Lee ) 한국축산학회 1974 한국축산학회지 Vol.16 No.1
This experiment was carried out to study a suitable method of fertilized ova transfer in the rabbit. A total of 160 ova at 2 to 16 cell stages or at 16 cell to morula stages from superovulated donors were transferred at the rate of 8 per animal to the fallopian tubes and uterus of 20 recipient females, mated 24 hrs. earlier to vasectomised male. Irrespective of the site of transfer, the proportion of ova developing to term following 16 cell to morula stage transfers was more than that following 2-to 16 cell stage transfers. And uterus transfers were more successful than fallopian transfers in both 2 to 16 cell stages and 16 cell to morula stages. The results with 16 cell to morula stage transfers at the uterus were better than those in any other groups. Fourteen of 20 recipients became pregnant, of which il produced a total of 32 offsprings, and litter size averaged 2.9 with variation from 1 to 6.
육우 수정란의 간역동결 및 융해방법에 관한 연구 3 . Sucrose 첨가한 glycerol 희석액에 간역동결 및 융해방법이 가토수정란 생존율에 미치는 영향
김중계(J . K . Kim),김철균(C . K . Kim),강만종(M . J . Kang),김영훈(Y . H . Kim),강민수(M . S . Kang) 한국축산학회 1988 한국축산학회지 Vol.30 No.10
This study was conducted to simplify the method for glycerol addition (a single step; 1S and 3-step addition; 3S) and diluent with 10% sucrose, and the method for freezing. Survival rates of rabbit embryos cultured after frozen in a liquid nitrogen container with different methods and thawed at different temperatures were determined. The summarized results are the following. 1. The embryo survival rates when a cryoprotectant diluent containing 10% sucrose were 75.3% (1S) and 69.8% (3S) (p $lt;0.05). 2. The survival rate of embryos cultured after thawed in a water bath at 38℃ or 5℃ was 75.5 or 69.6%, respectively (p $lt;0.05). 3. The survival rate of embryos thawed and cultured after the embryos at room temperature were frozen in a liquid nitrogen down to -7℃ at the rate of 1℃/min and then 0.3℃ (1 F), 3∼5℃(2F) 15℃/min (3F) or frozen in the gas phase 2 - 5 mm above the liquid nitrogen for 5 min and then inside the liquid nitrogen (4F) was 78, 71, 62 or 63%, respectively (p $lt;0.05). 4. The above results indicate that 1S (vs 3S), thawing at 38℃ (vs 5℃) and 1F (vs the others) showed higher embryo survival rates. However, the rapid freezing methods (2F, 3F and 4F) was considered relatively good.
Brahman 과 Santa Gertrudis 의 유전형질을 이용한 제주한우 개량에 관한 연구 2 . 이유후 성장에 미치는 품종 및 환경요인 효과
김동철(D . C . Kim),김중계(J . K . Kim),이희석(H . S . Lee),백윤기(Y . K . Paik) 한국축산학회 1987 한국축산학회지 Vol.29 No.6
The primary objective of this breeding project was to study methods for improvement of economically important traits of Cheju Native Cattle with Brahman and Santa Gertrudis that are adaptable to specific climatic conditions, poor quality forage and to make use of some other genetic merits. Date obtained from 428 calves (59 Cheju Native Cattle, 60 Brahman, 40 Santa Gertrudis and 269 crossbreds) were analyzed to estimate main effects of environmental factors on postweaning periods. The results of this study are summarized as follows; 1. The average body weights of Cheju Native Cattle at 12 months (101.8 ㎏) and at 18 months (179.3 Kg) were lightest among the purebreds, and average body weights of Brahman at 12 months and 18 months of age were 196.9 ㎏ and 253.3 ㎏, respectively, which were heavier than those of the Santa Gertrudis (188.8 ㎏ and 234.7 ㎏, at the same age). 2. The average body weights of BK (Brahman × Cheju Native Cattle) and SK (Santa Gertrudis × Cheju Native Cattle) were lighter than any other crossbreds observed. The back crossbred, B2K (BK × Brahman) and S2K (SK × Santa G.), grew faster and were hoavier at 12 months (B2K; 193.4 ㎏, SK; 183.4 ㎏) than the crossbred × back crossbreds (BK × B2K and SK × S2K), which were 182.4 ㎏ and 182.5 ㎏, respectively. The average body weight of BK × B2K at 18 months was 241.7 ㎏, which was considerably higher than those of B2K (238.8 ㎏) and SK × S2K (229.2 ㎏). which were similar to those of S2K (230.2 ㎏) (PG0.07. ). 3. Sex and year of birth had a highly significant effect (P$lt;0.01) on the weight of calves, but effects of the age of dam and parity were not noted.
제주한우 개량에 관한 연구 1 . 제주한우 , Brahman , Santa Gertrudis 및 교잡종의 번식상황에 관한 통계학적 연구
김동철,이희석,백윤기,김중계 ( D . C . Kim,H . S . Lee,Y . K . Baek,J . K . Kim ) 한국축산학회 1982 한국축산학회지 Vol.24 No.6
The objectives of this study were to determine by experimental results the age at first calving, gestation length and calving interval of Jeju native, Brahman, Santa Gertrudis and crossbreeds. Data were analysed by the least square method, from 582 cows fed at Jeju Experiment Station from 1961-1980. 1. The average age at first calving of Jeju native, Brahman and Santa Gertrudis was 41.9, 42.8 and 39.8 months respectively. The average age at first calving of Brahman × Jeju native and Santa Gertrudis was 39.1 and 42.1 months. 2. The average gestation length of Jeju native, Brahman and Santa Gertrudis was 285.9, 286.2 and 284.7 days respectively. The average crossbreeds gestation length, however, was longer than their parents with an increase of 1% in Brahman × Jeju native and 4% with Santa Gertrudis × Jeju native cattle. 3. The average calving interval of Jeju native, Brahman and Santa Gertrudis was 384.7, 465.9 and 501 days. Crossbreeds, however, have shorter calving intervals than their parents with an increase of 5.3% in the case of Brahman × Jeju native and 6.4% with Santa Gertrudis × Jeju native cattle (P$lt;0.01). 4. Gestation length was longest when dam was 8-9 years old (P$lt;0.05) but calving interval declined as parity increased.
김창근 ( C K Kim ),김상철 ( S C Kim ),이용빈 ( Y B Lee ),설동섭 ( D S Sul ),오연각 ( Y K Oh ),서국성 ( G S Suh ),김중계 ( J K Kim ) 한국축산학회 1972 한국축산학회지 Vol.14 No.2
The ovulation rate and follicle development were observed in 18 goats by laparotomy on the third day after injection of 500, 750 or 1,000 I.U. PMS. Fecundity was also observed in other 17 goats treated with 500, 750 or 1,000 I.U. PMS and mated naturally on the 17th day of the estrous cycle. The ovulation rate was 1.5 (1∼3), 2.5 (1∼4) and 3.2 (2∼5) in the goats receiving 500, 750 or 1,000 I.U. PMS, respectively, and it was found significantly (P$lt;0.05) mare in 1,000 I.U. PMS than in 500 I.U. PMS. However, there were no significant differences in the number of follicles with 5mm or larger diameter and hemorrhagic follicles between the groups. Fecundity was 2.0, 2.25 and 2.0 in the goats receiving 500, 750 and 1,000 I.U. PMS, respectively. The single, twin, triplet and quadruplet births were 23.5%, 52.7%, 17.7% and 5.9%, respectively. One still birth and 2 premature births were observed. The shorter gestation period of goats and the lighter birth weight of kids resulted from the higher fecundity.