제주도 한우의 번식장해 발생원인과 대책에 관한 연구 제1보 , 제주한우의 번식상황에 관한 연구

김종계,김승찬 ( Jung Kye Kim,Soong Chan Kim ) 한국축산학회 1980 한국축산학회지 Vol.22 No.3

This study was conducted to investigate the reproductive status in Jeju native cattle. Total 800 cows from 10 districts and 2 government faciities in 4 main area of Jeju-do were employed in this study. The results obtained regionally were summarized as follows; 1. The occurrence of the age at first estrus was average 26.3 months, but, regional differences in the first estrus were observed shortest in southern area (20.6 months) and the longest in eastern area (28.3 months). 2. The age of first insemination averaged 30.2 months but showed a few regional differences as that of sexual maturity. 3. The length of estrus cycle and gestation period of cows were average 21.0 and 284.3 nays respectively and no regional differences were found to except for calving interval;420 days south area) 444.8 days (north area.) 447.7 days (west area) and 453.2 days (east area), respectively. 4. The average age at first calving was 1127 days and those of cows in south and west area showed one month earlier than that of east and north area. 5. The first estrus after calving appeared on 70.7 days in south area and 77.3 days in northern area. Longest period was observed in as tern region and government fecilit.

제주도 한우의 번식장해 발생원인과 대책에 관한 연구 제3보 . 난소질환 제주한우에 있어서 hormone 처리가 수태에 미치는 영향

김종계,김승찬,장덕지 ( Jung Kye Kim,Soong Chan Kim,Duck Gee Chang ) 한국축산학회 1980 한국축산학회지 Vol.22 No.3

According to the investigation of reproductive status and disorders in Jeju native cattle, the delayed puberty, fist calving age in heifer, and the alternate year calving cow due to anestrus following calving were observed more frequently on this island. This study, therefore, was carried out to investigate the effect of PMS as a method of treatment for the cows with ovarian hypoplosia and atrophy. For the 15 cows with ovarian hypoplasia, the blood was tested and 40 cows of anestrus due to ovarian hypoplasia and atrophy were selected to treat with PMS. The results obtained were an follows. 1. The blood test indicated that cows of the ovarian hypoplasia appeared to bave lower serum protein and calcium level than that of normal cow. Especially obnormality in A/G and Ca/P ratio in Holstein was found. 2. Treatment of PMS hormone into 40 cows with the ovarian atrophy and hypoplasia showed emus on average 6.7 days after the final hormone injection. 3. Total 38 cows were conceived by PMS (1000 IU) hormone treatment; 26 cows (68.4%) at the first estrus, 11 cows (30.6%) at the second estrus and the remainder at the third estrus. 4. The above results inducated that treatment of PMS hormone into cows with ovarion hypoplasia and atrophy was effective for inducing estrus and conception.

제주도 한우의 번식장해 발생원인과 대책에 관한 연구 제2보 , 제주한우의 번식장해 발생상황 조사연구

김종계,김승찬 ( Jung Kye Kim,Soong Chan Kim ) 한국축산학회 1980 한국축산학회지 Vol.22 No.3

The objective of this study was the status of reproductive disorder for Korean cattle in Jeju-do area and provide the fundamental data for the suitable control of this problem. Four hundred and fifty seven cows were used in this survey according to the coast area, mountain area and enterprise properties in Jeju-do. The results are summarized as follows; 1. The total occurrence rate of the reproductive disorder due to genital discase(12.9%) and. distocia (3.3%) was 16.2%, but the figure did not include the delayed puberty and postpartum Estrus. 2. In total 457 cases, the cows with ovarian disease were 39 cows(8.5%), 6cows (1.3%), in uterine disease, 3 cows (0.7%) in vaginal disease and 11 cows (2.4%) in repeat breeder. 3. In 43 sterile cows, the animals with overian disease were over 65% ; in which ovarian atrophy appeared 30.5%, ovarian hypoplasia 15.2%, delayed ovulation 10.2% and ovarian cyst and persistent corpora lutes were both 5.1%. 4. The delivery disorders in total investigated cows were 1.5% with abortion, 0.9% stillbirth, 0.22 dystocia and 0.65% retained plecenta, and these results demonstrated that native cattle showed less delivery disorders than that of dairy cattle. 5. On the investigation of the delayed puberty 123 heads (40.9%) among 301 cows showed delayed puberty at 26-30 months old and 45 heads (14.9%) showed it at 31 months old. 6. Among 284 cows 103 heads (36.3%) were the alternate year calving cows which showed alternation more than once and in 760 total calving frequencies, the alternate year calving was 118 frequencies (15.5%).

제주도내 부락공동목장에 있어서 개량목초의 계절별 영양성분 및 식생구성율변화에 관한 연구

김문철,김중계,김승찬 ( Moon chul Kim,Jung kye Kim,Seung chan Kim ) 한국축산학회 1983 한국축산학회지 Vol.25 No.4

To investigate the condition of improved grassland after 2-15 years establishment, six co-operative village farms were surveyed during Spring, Summer and Autumn. The results obtained were as follows. 1. The average daily weight gain of cross bred cattle was investigated and gains were found to be closely related to pasture yields. Yield declined as pastures got older. 2. Despite it being 15 years older, Ohra grassland, because of correct annual fertilizer application, compared favoriously with other farms. 3. The average botanical composition of the selected six farms was; 16% grass (tall fescue, orchardgrass, and ryegrass.), 9% legume (ladino clover), and 24% others (native grasses and weeds). Haweon farm after 2-5 years establishment had a weed composition of 8% compared with an average of 25% for other farms. 4. The chemical composition of surveyed improved pasture was 19.25% crude protein, 13.38% crude fiber, 8.85% Ash and 2.88% ether extract. 5. The percentage crude protein decreased as season advanced as follows: Spring 26.03%, summer 17.62% and Autumn; 14.4%. There was also a significant relationship between crude protein and daily weight gain.

제주한우의 사양관리와 번식상황이 격년분만에 미치는 영향 3 . 제주한우의 사료급여 수준이 번식상황에 미치는 영향

김중계,김문철,김승찬 ( Jung Kye Kim,Moon chul Kim,Seun chan Kim ) 한국축산학회 1985 한국축산학회지 Vol.27 No.5

This investigation was conducted to find the effect of different levels of supplementary feeding on reproductive performance and calving disorders. Six hundred Cheju native and Cheju crossbred cows were divided into three groups (A, B and C) and fed different levels of supplementary feed. 1. The age of first insemination of heifer in group A (fed over 1 ㎏/day of various brans) was 2-7 months earlier than those of group B (less than 1 ㎏/day of various brans) and group C (hay only). 2. The first calving age in groups (A and B) was 6-7 months earlier than cows in group C. 3. The calving interval in groups A and B was reduced by 3 months and the recurence of estrus after parturition was 20 days earlier than cows in group C. There was, however, no significant difference in estrus cycle and gestation period when cows were fed different nutritional levels.

제주도 한우의 번식장해 발생원인과 대책에 관한 연구(제3보) : 난소질환 제주한우에 있어서 hormone 처리가 수태에 미치는 영향

김중계,김승찬,장덕지 제주대학교 농과대학 제주도축산문제연구소 1986 畜産論叢 Vol.1 No.1

Acccrding to the investigation of reproductive status and disorders in Cheju native cattle, the delayrd puberty, fist calving age in heifer, and thealternate year calving cow dric to anrstrus following calving were observed more frequently on this island. This study, therefore. was carried out to investigate the effect of PMS as a method of trenstment for the cows with ovarian hypoplasia and atrophy. For the 15 cows with ovarian hypoplasia, the blood was tested and 40 cows of anestrus due to ovarian hypoplasia and atrophy were selected to treat with PMS. The results obtained were as follows. 1. The blood test indicated that cows of the ovarian hypoplasia appeared to havc lower scriim protein and calcium level than that of normal cow. Espercially abnormality inA/G ratio and Ca/P ratio in Holstein was found. 2. Trensment of PMS into 40 cows with the ovaridn atrophy and hvpoplasia showcd estrus average 6.7 days after the final hormone injection. 3. Total 38 cow were conceived by PMS (100 IU) hormone treatment; 26 cows (64.4%) at the first estrus. It cow (30.6%) at the second estrus and the remainder at the third estrus. 4. The above resolts inkicated that treatment of PMS hormone into cow with ovarion hypoplesia and atrophy was effertive for inducing estrus and conception.

冷凍精液 融解方法이 精液性狀과 受胎에 미치는 影響 : 第II報 濟州韓牛의 Straw 冷凍精液 融解方法과 保存溫度가 精液性狀과 受胎에 미치는 影響 II.Effect of thawing method and pressrvative tempature on sperm motility and fertility with straws in Jeju native cattle.

金重桂,金承贊 제주대학교 1978 논문집 Vol.10 No.-

This experiment was carried out to certify the effect of thawing methods and preservative temperature on the sperm motility and fertility after thawing semen with plastic straws in fresh and warm water. Sperm motility in vitro stored at room temperature after thawing were conducted by the various storage hours. A tield frial after thawing semen with warmed water in straws from Jeju native cows involving 4 technician and 800 cows first (or second) services gave the following results. The thawing methods of warmed water for one minute in sperm motility were considerably higher than that in iced water during 12 hours after thawing semen, however, the sperm survival index of ice-water showed a better results according as the time passed away, but not significant differences. Preservative temperature at 5℃ (iced water) after thawing gave significantly better fresults than that of thawed at 30℃ (warmed water). The NR rate to 175 inseminations with semen thawed at 15-20℃ (fresh water) was 82.8% v, 80.9% for 610 inseminations thawed in warm water. Conception rate of the semen thawed in warm water for 10-60 secs gave no significant differences among storage hours because that semen used to be inseminated within one hour almost, but it decreased when semen thawed at the period of one minute over.

濟州韓牛의 飼養管理와 繁殖狀況에 관한 硏究 : 第Ⅱ報; 濟州韓牛에 있어서 舍飼期間中 飼養管理가 體重變化와 隔年分娩에 미치는 影響 Ⅱ. The Effect of Winter Feeding on Body Weight Changes and Alternate Year Calving Rate in Jeju Native Cows and Heifer

金重桂,金文哲,金承贊 제주대학교 1983 논문집 Vol.16 No.-

舍飼期間中 濟州韓牛의 飼料給與狀態가 體重變化, 繁殖狀況 및 隔年分娩牛에 미치는 影響을 調査하기 爲하여 濟州道內 六個部落에서 飼育되고 있는 供試畜 400餘頭를 調査한 結果는 다음과 같다. 冬期間 飼料給與狀態에서는 各部落別 큰 差異는 없었고 補充飼料를 1kg以上 給與하는 戶數는 全體의 4.8%로 매우 낮았으며 糠類飼料(單用)을 每日 若干씩 주고 있는 農家는 46.6%로 過去보다 增加르 보였으나 乾草만으로 飼育하는 農家는 48.6%로서 漸次減少 現象을 보이고 있다. 冬期間 月別體重變化는 大部分 一月에서 四月까지는 大體로 20∼30kg 減少 趨勢를 보이다가 放牧場에 入殖된 五月에는 約 10∼20kg 增加되는 傾向을 보였으며 濟州韓牛와 交雜種間의 比較에서는 Brahman 交雜種이 體重變化가 가장 적은 反面 韓牛와 Santa 交雜種은 體重 減少幅이 極甚하였다. 未經産牛에서 初分娩月齡은 가장 빠른 地域이 38.2個月이 었고 늦은 地域은 40.5個月로 2個月差異가 있었으며 經産牛의 分娩後 初發情 再歸日에에서 隔年分娩牛를 除外했을 때는 平均 90.4日이고 地域別 10-20日差가 있었는데 反하여 隔年分娩牛를 包含시켰을때에는 平均 174.2日로 상당히 길었으며 地域別 差異도 甚하였음을 보여 주었다. 隔年 分娩牛의 發生率은 地域別로 볼 때 平均 13%에서 23%의 差異를 나타내고 있었으나 年度別로 比較할 때는 1980年度 9.5%, 1981年度 33.5%, 1982年度 11.9%로 隔差가 甚하였다. To investigate the effect of giving different feeds, during the winter, on body weight changes, reproductive performence and alternate year calving cows. 400 Jeju native and cross bred cows and heifers housed in villages were studied. Results showed no appreciable difference amongst the 6 villages feeding different foods during the winter period. Percentage of farms feeding various brans, over 1kg per day, was 4.8% ; a small quantity(0.5kg) of various brans was fed daily to 46.6% and those feeding only natural hay, 48.6%. The number of villages feeding various brans is increasing and those feeding hay decreasing. Cattle weights decreased by 20-30kg monthly per head during the winter feeding period(January-April) but by May increased in the range of 10-20kg per head with arrival of the new grass. Comparison of monthly body weight changes of Jeiu native cows and cross breds, Brahman cross breds showed the least body weight changes during winter while Native and Santa cross bred cows the weight changes were considerable. The average age at first calving, in the regional groups, varied by two months and when averaged out was 38.2 and 40.5 months in the early and late regions respectively. There was an average of 90.4 days from calving to first estrus excluding alternative year calving cows which had an avarage of 174.2 days from calving to first estrus. The alternate year calving percentages averaged from 13% to 23% in regional groups, and were 9.5% in 1980, 33.5% in 1981 and 11.9% in 1982.

濟州韓牛의 冬期間 飼料 給與水準이 繁殖狀況에 미치는 影響

金重桂,金承贊 濟州大學校 1982 논문집 Vol.14 No.-

濟州地域에 飼育되고 있는 濟州韓牛 200餘頭와 韓牛交雜年 300頭를 冬期間의 飼料 給與量에 따라 3個水準(A.B.C)으로 區分하여 繁殖狀況과 分娩障害에 미치는 影響을 究明하고져 調査하였다. 飼料 給與量에 따라서 A水準(糖類飼料 1kg 以上給與)은 B水準(糖類飼料 1kg以下)보다 4個月, C水準(乾草單用)보다는 約 9個月 性成熱이 빨랐으며, 初分娩月齡에 있어서는 飼料를 若干 給與 시킴으로 乾草만을 給與한것 보다 6-7個月 犢牛를 일찍 分娩할 수 있었다. 그리고 分娩間隔은 飼料의 給與水準(A.B)에서 乾草單用보다 2個月, 分娩後 發情再歸日은 20餘日 短縮시킬 수 있음을 보여 주었다. 그러나 發情週期와 姙娠期間은 營養水準別 差異가 認定되지 아니하였다. 繁植障害에 있어서 性成熱遲廷과 微弱發情, 後産停滯 等의 發現率은 飼料給與 水準이 낮아짐에 따라 높아졌으나, 不規側發情과 流産, 難産, 死産等에 있어서는 名處理水準別 差가 없었다. This investigation was conducted to find the effect of different levels of supplementary feeding on reproductive performance and calving disorders. Five hundred Jeju native and Jeui crossbred cows were divided into three groups(A, B and C)and fed different levels of supplementary food. The onset of puberty in cows in group A(fed over 1kg/day of various brans)was 4-9 months earlier than those of group B(less than 1kg/day of various brans)and group C(hay only). the age at first calving in groups(A and B) was 6-7 months earlier than cows in group C. The calving interval in groups A and B was reduced by 2 months and reccurence of estrus after parturition was 20 days earlier than cows on group C. There was, however, no significant at difference in estrus cycle and gestation period when cows were fed different nutritional levels. The reproductive disorders; delayed puberty, weak heat and retained placenta gradually increased with lower nutritional levels. However there was little difference amongst different nutritional levels in case of irregular heat, abortion, distocia and still birth.

濟州韓牛의 飼養管理와 繁殖狀況에 關한 硏究 : 第1報 濟州韓牛에 있어서 放牧期間 中 牧野狀態가 體重變化에 미치는 影響 1. The Effect of Grass Quality on the Daily Weight Gain of Jeju Native Cows During the Granzing Period

金承贊,金重桂,金文哲 제주대학교 1982 논문집 Vol.14 No.-

濟州地域 部落共同 牧場의 草地狀態 및 氣象現況이 飼育中인 家畜의 增體에 미치는 영향을 究明하기 위해 6個部落 共同牧場(영남,해안,회천,용강,오라,하원)에서 成牝年 415두의 體重과 그 牧場의 草地狀態를 調査한 結果는 다음과 같다. 1. 試驗이 實施되는 部落共同牧場의 草地面積 197.8ha중 改良草地比率은 66%이며 頭當面積은 0.9ha였다. 2. 名 牧場 共히 牧草 보다 野草의 乾物收量이 높으며 2回 收穫 中 牧草는 初期收量(1734㎏/ha>1459㎏/ha)이 높았고 野草는 後期收量이 (2025kg/ha<4734kg/ha)높았다. 3. 野草의 粗蛋白質 含量은 施肥草地(12.05%)가 無肥草地(7.87%) 보다 높았으나 牧草는 施肥에 關係없이 비슷한 傾向이였으며 粗纖維含量은 無肥草地가 높았다. 4. 月平均 增體量은 6月 347.0kg, 7月 358.5kg, 8月 384.5kg, 9月 414.2kg, 10月 421.8kg로서 放牧期間中 頭當 總 增體量은 74.8kg이며 月別 1日 增體幅은 9月에 頭當 1.05㎏으로서 本 試驗期間中에 가장 크다. 5. 日當 平均 增體量은 하원 0.89kg, 해안 0.81kg 영남 0.71kg, 회천 0.60kg, 용강 0.58kg과 오라 0.15kg 順位였으며 全體平均 日當增體量은 0.61kg이였다. The study was carried out to investigate the effect of grass quality and climate on weight gain. Six co-operative village farms were surveged which reared Korean native and Korean cross-bred cows. The results obtained were as follows; 1. The farms examined had 66% improved pasture and a stocking rate of 0.9ha per head. 2. On all the farms, the total dry matter content of native pasture was more than that of the improved pasture. 3. In the case of native pasture the crude protein content when fertilized(12.05% cp compared to 7.87%). On the other hand, there was no difference in crude protein content between fertilized improved pasture and non-fertilized. The crude fibre content of improved and unimproved pasture decreases when fertilized. 4. Body weights during June, July, August, September and October were 347.0kg, 358.5kg, 384.5kg, 414.2kg and 421.8kg respectively. 5. The average daily weight gain on each farm was 0.89kg on Hawoen, 0.81kg on Yeong Nam, 0.71kg on Hoicheon, 0.60kg on Young Kang and 0.15kg on Oh Ra: The total weight gain of all the cows on all the farms was 76.8kg with an average daily weight gain of 0.6kg per cow.