석고 다이에 대한 다이 강화제의 영향

김영림,박주미,송광엽,Kim, Young-Rim,Park, Ju-Mi,Song, Kwang-Yeob 대한치과보철학회 2007 대한치과보철학회지 Vol.45 No.4

Statement of problem: Die materials require abrasion resistance, dimensional stability with time, and high surface wettability for adequate material properties. Wear of gypsum materials is a significant problem in the fabrication of accurately fitting cast prosthetic devices. So It has been recommended that the use of die hardener before carving or burnishing of the wax pattern. Purpose: The purpose of this study was to compare the abrasion resistance and surface microhardness(Knoop) with 3 commonly used gypsum die materials(MG Crystal Rock, Super plumstone, GC $FUJIROCK^{(R)}$ EP) with and without the application of 2 die hardeners. Material and methods: Three die materials were evaluated for abrasion resistance and surface microhardness after application of 2 die hardeners(Die hardener and Stone die & plaster hardener). Thirty specimens of each gypsum material were fabricated using an impression of resin die(Pattern resin; GC Corporation, Japan) with 1-mm high ridges, sloped 90 degrees. Gypsum materials were mixed according to manufacturer's recommendations and allowed to set 24 hours before coating. Specimens were arbitrary assigned to 1 of 3 treatment subgroups (n=10/subgroup): no treatment(control), coated with Die hardener, and coated with Stone die & plaster hardener. Abrasion resistance(measured by weight loss) was evaluated using device in 50g mass perpendicular to the ridges. Knoop hardness was determined by loading each specimen face 5 times for 15 seconds with a force of 50g. A scanning electron microscope was used to evaluate the surface of specimens in each treatment subgroup. Conclusions: The obtained results were as follows: 1. 3 types of die stone evaluated in this study did not show significant differences in surface hardness and abrasive resistance(P<.05). 2. In the abrasive resistance test, there were no significant differences between GC $FUJIROCK^{(R)}$ EP and MG Crystal Rock with or without 2 die hardener(P<.05). 3. Super plumstone treated with Stone die & plaster hardener showed increased wear loss(P<.05) 4. Die hardener coatings used in this study decreased the surface hardness of the gypsum material(P<.05).

Astaxanthin처리 산란계로부터 생산된 난황이 Mouse의 마크로파지 활성과 응집소가 및 용혈소가에 미치는 영향

김홍출(Hong-Chul Kim),박숙자(Sook-Jahr Park),김정곤(Jeong-Kon Kim),김영림(Young-Rim Kim),박원석(Won-Seck Park),조용운(Yong-Un Cho),조현종(Hyeon-Jong Cho),김정환(Jeong-Hwan Kim),하영래(Yeong-Lae Ha) 한국식품영양과학회 2001 한국식품영양과학회지 Vol.30 No.6

마크로파지의 활성을 조사하기 위해 carbon clearance time을 조사한 결과 AEY 처리구가 control이나 CEY 처리구에 비해 짧았다. 특히 AEY 500 μg 처리에서 carbon clearance 시간이 5분으로 control에서 9.42분, CEY(250 μg 처리)에서 9.01분보다 유의성있는 감소를 보였다. AEY 처리에 의해 응집소가와 용혈소가가 다소 증가되었다. SRBC 처리 1일째와 3일째에 250 μg 처리구를 비교해 보면, control, CEY, AEY의 응집소가는 각각 5.50, 5.63, 6.00 및 5.25, 5.38, 5.50로 용혈소가는 각각 4.75, 5.38, 5.50 및 4.25, 5.63, 5.63으로 AEY 처리구가 control, CEY 처리구에 비해 면역 활성이 있었지만 유의성은 없었다. Effect of the egg yolks from laying hens intubated, p.o., astaxanthin (designated AEY) on mouse humoral immunity was investigated using male ICR mouse (6~7 weeks of age). Mice were adapted in a temperature- and humidity-controlled house for one week and randomly divided into 5 treatment groups (9 mice/cage/treatment). Mice were intubated p.o., AEY (100, 250 and 500 μg) or control egg yolks (CEY, 250 μg), dissolved in 0.1 mL DMSO, for consecutive 4 days. At day 5, carbon suspension (pilot drawing ink 3 mL+3% gelatine 3 mL) was injected 3 μL per 1 g body weight through tail vein. Carbon clearance time was measured at 5 and 35 minutes post the injection of carbon suspension. Another two experiments were conducted to determine the hemagglutinin-titer (HGT) and hemolysin-titer (HLT) with male ICR mouse (8 mice/cage/treatment). Mice treated with AEY were induced immune activity with SRBC. HGT and HLT were measured from the blood at day 1 and 3 after treatment of SRBC. AEY treatment reduced the carbon clearance time. Especially the carbon clearance time by 500 μg AEY treatment was 5.00 minutes, which was very short time compared with 9.42 minutes by control and 9.01 minutes by CEY. AEY group showed slightly higher values of HGT and HLT than CEY group and control. At day 1, HGT in control, 250 μg CEY and 250 μg AEY groups was 5.50, 5.63, and 6.00, respectively. Similarly, HLT in control, 250 μg CEY and 250 μg AEY groups was 4.75, 5.38, and 5.50, respectively, at day 1. These results suggest that AEY exhibited immunity-enhancing effect.

풋귤 농약잔류 실태조사 및 가공방법에 따른 잔류특성

김대운(Dae-Woon Kim),진석희(Seok-Hee Jin),이정민(Jung-Min Lee),김수미(Su-Mi Kim),김영림(Yeong-Rim Kim),박주태(Ju-Tae Park),고기협(Ki-Hyeob Ko),하욱원(Wook-Won Ha),김동순(Dong-Soon Kim) 한국농약과학회 2018 농약과학회지 Vol.22 No.4

국내 지역별 채집계통 및 감수성계통 배추좀나방에 대한 Bacillus thuringiensis 제품의 생물활성 비교

김영림(Young-Rim Kim),조민수(Min-Su Cho),오세문(Se-Mun Oh),김성우(Sung-woo Kim),윤영남(Young-Nam Youn),유용만(Yong-Man Yu) 한국농약과학회 2010 농약과학회지 Vol.14 No.2

제조 조건에 따른 O/W와 W/O/W 에멀젼의 안정성

김영림 ( Y. L. Kim ),문세훈 ( S. H. Mun ),박신제 ( S. J. Park ),김용노 ( Y. R. Kim ) 한국농업기계학회 2016 한국농업기계학회 학술발표논문집 Vol.21 No.1

고려홍삼의 당뇨병성 신장병증 개선 효과

김영림(Young Lim Kim),정성현(Sung Hyun Chung) 고려인삼학회 2004 Journal of Ginseng Research Vol.28 No.2

The renoprorective effects of Korean Red Ginseng were examined in STZ-induced diabetic spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR). After 3 day administration of streptozotocin (STZ), animals were divided into four groups: Group I, hypertensive rats (H); Group 2, hypel1ensive rats with diabetes (HD): Group 3, hypel1ensive rats with diabetes administered with 100 mg/kg of ginseng total saponin(GTS): Group 4, hypel1ensive rats with diabetes administered with 600 mg/kg of ginseng non-saponin (GNS). After 2 weeks oral administrations of GTS and GNS, body weight, kidney weight. plasma glucose, urinary albumin excretion, serum creatinine, urea nitrogen and blood pressure were examined. After 3, 7 and 21 day of STZ administration, expressions of TGF- β1and fibronectin in kidney were analyzed by immunoblotting and/or immunohistochemistry. GTS and GNS treatments slightly decreased blood pressure when compared to Hand HD groups. Also, GTS and GNS treatments ameliorated kidney hypertrophy without affecting plasma glucose levels. Meanwhile, GNS treatment increased Cu/Zn-SOD activity in kidney and generally showed more efficient reno protective effects than GTS. We suggest that the renoprotective effects of ginseng pm1ially result from downregulations of TGF- β1, fibronectin expressions and anti-oxidative activity of ginseng non-saponin.

뇌교육 감정노동관리 프로그램 개발을 위한 선행 연구동향 고찰

김영림 ( Kim Young-rim ) 국제뇌교육종합대학원대학교 뇌교육연구소 2017 뇌교육연구 Vol.19 No.-

최근 국내에서는 감정노동이 근로자의 신체 및 심리상태에 미치는 영향과 심각성에 대한 공감대가 사회적으로 확산되면서 감정노동 스트레스를 완화하고 대처능력을 향상시킬 수 있는 감정노동관리 프로그램에 대한 요구가 증가하고 있다. 본 연구에서는 국내에서 이루어진 감정노동관리 프로그램 개발 연구에 대한 분석을 통하여 프로그램의 효과성을 점검해 보고 향후 효과적인 감정노동관리 프로그램을 개발하는데 기초 자료로 활용하고자 하였다. 이를 위하여, 본 연구는 국내에서 시행되었던 감정노동관리 프로그램 개발 연구논문을 기본요소, 내용요소 및 특징요소로 분류하여 분석하였다. 이러한 분석을 통하여 향후 개발될 뇌교육 기반 감정노동관리 프로그램의 효과를 향상시키는데 기여하고자 하였다. Although emotional labor affects the physical and psychological status of workers and the consensus on their severity is spreading socially, research on emotional labor management programs that can reduce emotional labor stress and improve coping abilities, It began to progress in only. The purpose of this study is to examine the effectiveness of the program and to utilize it as a basic data to develop effective emotional labor management program. For this purpose, this study classified emotional labor management program research papers, which were implemented in Korea, into basic elements, content elements and feature elements. Through this analysis, This study is intended to contribute to improve the emotional labor management program to be developed in future.

회사원의 성과평가에 대한 귀인성향과 직무만족간의 관계 -S전자(주) 사례를 중심으로-

김영림 ( Young Lim Kim ) 한국동서정신과학회 2015 동서정신과학 Vol.18 No.1

본 연구는 회사원의 성과평가에 있어 개인의 귀인성향과 직무만족간의 관계를 알아보기 위하여 실시하였다. 연구대상은 S전자주식회사에서 중간수준의 성과평가를 받은 355명이었다. 본 연구의 측정도구로는 임창원(1989)이 박사 논문연구 과정에서 사용한 귀인성향 척도와 직무만족도 척도를 사용하였다. 본 연구결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 첫째, 전체 응답자들의 성과평가(연봉등급) 결정에 대한 귀인 중, 직무만족도에 가장 크게 영향을 미치는 귀인은‘자신의 적성’이었고, 그 다음은‘자신의 능력’,‘회사의 평가방법/제도’, 자신의 운’,‘타인의 도움’의 순으로 나타났으며, 이중‘자신의 운’은 직무만족과 부적인 관계를 보였다. 다시 말해, 내부귀인에 해당하는‘자신의 적성’과‘자신의 능력’이 상대적으로 직무만족에 큰 영향을 미치고, 외부귀인에 해당하는‘회사의 평가 방법/제도’와‘타인의 도움’이 그 뒤를 따르며,‘자신의 운’에 귀인 할수록 직무만족도는 떨어질 것이라고 볼 수 있는 것이다. 둘째, 성과평가에 대해 내부로 귀인 하는 사람들이 외부로 귀인 하는 사람들보다 유의미하게 직무만족도가 높았고, 상사요인, 업무요인, 보상요인, 동료요인, 작업요인 등 직무만족도의 모든 하위요인에서도 내부귀인 하는 사람들이 외부귀인 하는 사람보다 만족도가 높았다. 셋째, 성과평가를 신뢰하는 집단이 그렇지 않은 집단보다 직무만족 점수가 유의미하게 높았고, 성과평가에 대하여 만족하는 집단도 그렇지 않은 집단보다 직무만족 점수가 유의미하게 높았다. 넷째, 인구 통계적 변인 중 하나인 성차에 따른 직무만족도는 남자가 여자보다 높았고, 성과평가(연봉등급)결정에 대한 신뢰 및 만족에 대해서도 남자가 여자보다 높았다. 위의연구 결과를 본 연구의 연구문제에 초점을 맞추어 종합하여 보면‘성과평가에 대하여 내부귀인을 하는 사람들이 외부귀인을 하는 사람들보다 직무만족도가 높을 것이다’라는 연구가설은 유의미하게 지지되었다. 중간 수준으로 성과평가를 받은 피험자 355명중에서 내·외귀인 성향 점수가 동일한 16명(5%)을 제외하고, 171명(48%)이 내부 귀인성향을 나타내며 이들은 외부 귀인성향을 나타내는 168명(47%)보다 직무만족도가 상대적으로 높았다. 이것은 성취결과에 대한 원인 추론의 결과 즉, 귀인이 향후 수행과제에 영향을 미친다는 Weiner(1980)의 귀인적 동기이론에도 부합된다고 볼 수 있다. 따라서 회사의 경영자는 조직 내부의 생산성 향상과 직접적으로 관련이 있는 조직 구성원의 직무만족도를 높이는 방법으로, 중간 또는 낮은 수준으로 성과평가를 받은 구성원들에게 그 원인을 자신에게서 찾아보게 하는 적극적인 재귀인 교육이나 홍보를 고려할 필요가 있다고 할 수 있다. This study has been operated to find out the relationship between Locus of control and Job satisfaction of employees. The object of the study was the group of 355 employees who were evaluated as average in performance evaluation. As the measure of the study, Locus of control measure and Job satisfaction measure were used. This study indicates that the most critical attributes in performance evaluation were, in order of priority, one’s own aptitude, his/her own ability, the evaluation system of the company, the fortune, and the help from the others. Among these factors, the fortune seems to have an inverse relationship with the job satisfaction. In other words, the internal attributes like aptitude and ability affect the job satisfaction the most, while the external attributes including evaluation system of the company and fortune are less influential. Moreover, it could be concluded that, if one attributed his/her job satisfaction more to the fortune, the level of performance satisfaction would be decreased. With the conclusion of this study reflecting the result of Locus of control, the hypothesis, ‘People having a tendency to attribute their performance to internal factors are generally more satisfied with their performance evaluation that those who tend to attribute the performance to external factors’ is proved. In the result of the study, 171 respondents (48%) had an internal locus control and they showed relatively higher job satisfaction than 168 respondents (47%) who had an external locus control. 16 respondents (5%) had a same level of internal and locus control. This result exactly coincides with the theory of Locus control presented by Weiner (1980), which claims that the attributes resulted from cause reasoning affect later performances. Therefore, it would be preferable for a manager to practice an active self-attribute education programs or campaigns, in order to encourage the employees whose performances are below average. This could increase general job satisfaction, which is itself directly related to productivity. The supplementary results from this study are following: First, the group having a royalty toward the company and being satisfied with the result of performance evaluation has a higher job satisfaction than the other. Second, in the job satisfaction, men are generally more satisfied with their performances and credibility of performance evaluation system than women.

탄소라벨링의 TBT협정 적용성 검토

김영림(Young-Rim Kim),박지은(Ji-Eun Park),이양기(Yang-Kee Lee) 한국무역연구원 2021 무역연구 Vol.17 No.4

Purpose - Abnormal weather conditions are serious around the world. Most of countries are planning environmental policies under the Convention on Climate Change. Carbon labeling is also one of the policies for environmental policies. However, the use of carbon labeling is likely to cause trade disputes. The higher the use of carbon labeling, the greater the possibility of trade disputes. The dispute over carbon labeling should be resolved by the WTO agreement. The purpose of this paper is to discuss a review on the applicability of carbon labeling to the WTO/TBT. Design/Methodology/Approach - We used the secondary data such as convention article, report and news article. Especially, we looked into the TBT Agreement and GATT Agreement. Because the two agreements are representative of the norms related PPM, NPR-PPM and like products. In order to analyze the issue regarding ’PPM’, ’NPR-PPM’ and ’Like products’, we also examined cases of dispute. Findings - If carbon labeling is recognized as a technical regulation, it will be able to determine whether the carbon labeling is applied TBT measures. The TBT Agreement is an agreement embodied from Articles 19 and 20 of the GATT and can be said to be an evolutionary or advanced form of GATT regulation. Climate change measures include a number of NPR-PPM regulations, so if only GATT regulations were applied, they would create an imbalance problem. Therefore, it is necessary to expand the scope of the technical provisions of the TBT Agreement. Research Implications - Carbon labeling refers to carbon emissions based on LCA. This may be the case with NPR-PPM, which is increasing in the climate change regime. It is expected that the expansion of TBT’s technical regulations will contribute to the harmony of environment and trade.

미술저작자 사후 추급권 귀속의 인적범위

김영림 ( Young Iim Kim ) 제주대학교 법과정책연구소 2014 국제법무 Vol.6 No.2

추급권이란, 미술저작물의 저작자가 원저작물을 최초 양도한 이후에도 계속 되는 재판매로부터의 수익을 일정비율 분배받을 권리인데, 한-EU FTA 발효 후 추급권의 국내 도입에 관하여 2년 내에 재협의하기로 결정하였음에도 불 구하고 아직까지 추급권에 관한 구체적 도입 방향이 제시되지 않고 있다. 더 욱이 추급권이 도입될 경우 국내에서 자체적으로 규율해야할 미술저작자 사 후 추급권 귀속의 인적범위에 관해서도 논의가 없다. 아래에서는 미술저작자 사후 추급권 귀속의 인적범위에 관하여 유럽사법재 판소의 ED지침에 관한 판결 및 프랑스의 입법태도를 살펴본다. 유럽사법재판 소의 태도에 따르면, ED지침 제6조 제1항은 저작자 사후 추급권료 귀속의 인적범위에 관하여 단순히 i저작자의 권리승계인(those entitled under author of the work)’이라고만 규정하였는데, 이때의 ‘저작자의 권리승계인’ 범위는 ED 지침의 입법취지에 따라 해석되어야 한다. ED지침의 추급권 입법목적을 보면 저작자 사후 추급권의 귀속 문제는 ED지침이 추급권을 회원국 간에 통일적으로 규율하고자 한 목적 밖에 있다. 그러므로 결국 ED지침은 ‘저작자의 권리승 계인’의 구체적 범위를 각국이 스스로 규율하도록 의도한 것이라 볼 수 있다. 추급권을 최초로 규정한 프랑스의 경우, 추급권은 저작자 사후에도 저작자 의 유언의사와 무관하게 오로지 저작자의 법정상속인에게만 귀속되도록 규율 하고있다. 이러한 규율태도가 비록 프랑스에서는 합헌으로 결정되었더라도 국내에 도입될 경우 저작재산권 제한에 관한 과잉금지원칙에 반할 여지가 있 다. 우리가 저작자 사후 추급권 귀속의 인적범위를 규율할 때에는 추급권의 보장적 목적 외에도 저작자의 유언의 자유나 저작권 승계인의 이익 등 다양 한 요소가 고려되어야 할 것이다. The resale right is the author of the artistic work has the right to receive a share of the revenue from the resale of the work continually after the initial transfer. Despite the decision to consult again within two years after KO- ED FT A into force about adoption of the domestic legislation, did not yet have proposed a specific direction about adoption. Moreover, there is no discussion with regard to the scope of the right successor after the death of art authors, if we have the right to be adopted, even though it is made to do our own discipline in the country. The following looks at the judgment of the European Court of Justice for the ED Directive(Resale Directive) and the attitude of the French legislation concerning the scope of the right successor after the death of art authors. According to the attitude of the European Court of Justice, ED Directive Article 6 paragraph 1 simply defines as ’those entitled under author of the work`` about the scope of the right successor after the death of art authors, that phrase should be interpreted in accordance with the legislative intent of the ED Directive. In the legislative purpose of the ED Directive on the resale rights, with regard to the scope of the right successor after the death of art authors the ED Directive did not try to discipline uniformly across countries. After all, according to the interpretation ED Directive, the specific scope of the right successor of each Member State is allowed to legislate to suit their own circumstances. Consider the attitude of the French legislation first introduced the resale rights, the resale right is passed only to legal heirs of the author, regardless of the will of the author. Even in France, even if such legislation is determined to be consistent with the Constitution, if adopted in domestic limiting the rights to intellectual property may well be a violation of the principle of proportionality, We will be considering a variety of factors such as freedom of making wills, not limited to the living standard security purposes of resale rights to pursue.