억불숭유 국가에서의 왕권과 불교 - 조선 중기 태실 수호사찰 팔공산 은해사 중건의 배경을 중심으로 -

김보완 ( Kim Bo-wan ) 동아시아불교문화학회 2023 동아시아불교문화 Vol.- No.60

이 논문은 조선 중종 대에서 명종 대에 이르는 과정에서 불교의 쇠락과 중흥의 과정을 살피며 이 과정에서 해안사(현 은해사) 중건의 배경을 연구하는 목적으로 작성되었다. 이를 위해 태실과 태실 수호사찰의 역사 그리고 해안사가 태실 수호사찰이 되는 과정과 억불숭유의 조선 왕실에서 불교의 쇠락과 중흥을 이해하고자 하였다. 조선의 왕실과는 별도로 조정의 신료들은 억불정책을 통해 사찰의 건립과 왕실의 지원을 억제하고자 했다. 이는 성종 대에 이르러 사림의 등장과 함께 더욱 극렬해졌으며 연산군 대와 중종 대에 불교계에 대한 탄압은 극에 이르게 된다. 명종의 즉위와 함께 문정왕후는 불교의 부흥을 이끌었다. 또한, 내수사의 기능을 키워 내원당의 규모가 확대되어 왕실의 재원을 충당하였고 이는 여러 원찰과 태실 수호사찰의 건립과 중창에 지원되었다. 인종의 태실이 공산에 설치되며 영천의 백흥암과 해안사가 태실 수호사찰로 지정되었고 이후 각종 불사가 이뤄진다. 특히, 화마로 전소된 해안사를 태실봉(胎室峰)의 앞쪽으로 이동하여 새롭게 중창의 과정을 거친다. 이도 왕실 내명부의 내수사에서 지원된 것으로 추정된다. 중종 대부터 명종 대에 이르기까지 이뤄진 많은 왕실의 지원은 조선 중기 이후의 불교사에 대단히 중요한 의미를 지닌다. 특히, 왜란 이후 사찰의 중건 불사에 왕실 중심의 후원이라는 기본 틀이 마련되었다는 점이다. 위와 같은 연구를 종합하여 본다면, 지금 은해사의 사지(寺地)와 사격(寺格)은 명종 초 왕실과의 관계에서 출발하였음을 알 수 있으며 조선 중기 이후 사찰 중건의 왕실 지원에 대한 기준이 되었다. This paper was written with the purpose of examining the process of decline and revival of Buddhism from the Jungjong(中宗) period of Joseon to the Myungjong(明宗) period, and to study the background of the reconstruction of Haeansa(海安寺) in this process. for this purpose, we looked at the history of taesil(胎室) and taesil(胎室) guardian temples and the process of Haeansa becoming a taesil guardian temple. Through this, we attempted to examine the decline and renaissance of Buddhism at a time when Buddhism was suppressed and Confucianism was revered. Unlike the Joseon royal family, the king's subjects attempted to suppress the construction of temples and royal support through a policy of suppressing Buddhism. this became more severe with the emergence of Salim(士林) during the Seongjong(成宗) era, and during the Yeonsangun(燕山君) era and the Jungjong(中宗) era, the oppression of the Buddhist community reached its peak. with the accession of Myungjong(明宗), Munjeong-wanghu(文定王后) led the revival of Buddhism. In addition, the function of Naesusa(內需司) was expanded and the size of naewondang(內願堂) was expanded to cover the royal family's financial resources, which supported the construction and reconstruction of several original temples and taesil(胎室) guardian temples. as the taesil(胎室) of Injung(仁宗) was installed in Gongsan(公山), Baegheungam(百興庵) and Haeansa(海安寺) in Yeongcheon were designated as taesil(胎室) guardian temples, and various Buddhist projects[佛事] is accomplished. in particular, Haeansa Temple(海安寺), which was destroyed by fire, was moved to the front of Taesilbong(胎室峰) and rebuilt. This reconstruction also appears to have been aided by the royal family. the support of the many royal families from the reign of Ungjong(中宗) to the reign of Myungjong(明宗) has great significance in the history of Buddhism since the mid-Joseon Dynasty. In particular, the basic framework of royal-centered support was established for temple reconstruction and Buddhist temples after the Japanese invasions of Korea. considering the above research, it can be seen that the current temple land and nature of Eunhaesa Temple originated from the relationship with the royal family in the early Myungjong Dynasty, and became the standard for royal support for temple reconstruction after the mid-Joseon Dynasty.

제48차 대한내과학회 추계학술대회초록집 : 심포지움 ; 뇌하수체 질환의 진단과 치료 : 요붕증

김보완 ( Bo Wan Kim ) 대한내과학회 1996 대한내과학회지 Vol.51 No.-

제49차 대한내과학회 추계학술대회초록집 : 심포지움 ; 당뇨병과 뇌졸증 : 역학

김보완 ( Bo Wan Kim ) 대한내과학회 1997 대한내과학회지 Vol.53 No.-

당뇨병 환자의 치료순응도에 따른 단기간 혈당조절정도와 관련 요인

김귀영,김보완,박재용,Kim, Gui-Young,Kim, Bo-Wan,Park, Jae-Yong 대한예방의학회 2000 Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health Vol.33 No.3

Objectives : Generally, it seemed that the therapeutic result in diabetic patients was changed by compliance. This study was conducted on the basis of assumption that the therapeutic result id diabetic patients could control according to compliance. This study was conducted to analyze the related factors in association with compliance to drug, diet and exercise therapy. Methods : 224 diabetic patients in Kyungpook National University Hospital were selected through the interviews and HbA1c values from 1 Jan. to 28 Feb.1997. The drug compliance was tested by regularity of drug administration, the diet compliance was tested by restriction of food, exactly allocation, balance of nutrient, measuring food and the exercise compliance was tested by regularity of exercise per day. We assessed compliance by percentage, $x^2-test$ and generalized logit regression model(method:enter). Results : The significant variable was the satisfaction to medical personnels in drug, the knowledge to disease in diet, the participation of the diabetic education in exercise therapy and the satisfaction to medical personnels in HbA1c. Using the generalized logit model(method : enter) in compliance change, the significant variables were the satisfaction to medical personnels and the complication in drug; the significant variables were the age at the first diagnosis, the family history, the concern of health, the knowledge of disease, the self-exertion for therapy and the complication in diet: the only significant variable was the gender in exercise therapy. Conclusions : The degree of glycemic control in diabetic patients was influenced by compliance. In order to improve patient's compliance, we must foster the knowledge on the diseases, lead participation for diabetic education. Because the satisfaction to medical personnels was the important variables, we must build up good relationship between doctors and patients.

제49차 대한내과학회 추계학술대회초록집 : 심포지움 ; 당뇨병과 뇌졸증 : 역학

김보완 ( Bo Wan Kim ) 대한내과학회 1997 대한내과학회지 Vol.53 No.2S

제48차 대한내과학회 추계학술대회초록집 : 심포지움 ; 뇌하수체 질환의 진단과 치료 : 요붕증

김보완 ( Bo Wan Kim ) 대한내과학회 1996 대한내과학회지 Vol.51 No.2S

두경부종양 환자에서 경부 방사선조사가 갑상선기능에 미치는 영향 -75예의 전향적 분석-

박인규,김상보,윤상모,박준식,전수한,김보완,Park In Kyu,Kim Sang Bo,Yun Sang Mo,Park Jun Sik,Jun Su Han,Kim Bo Wan The Korean Society for Radiation Oncology 1994 Radiation Oncology Journal Vol.12 No.1

1986년 9월부터 1992년 10월까지 경북대학교병원 치료방사선과에서 방사선치료 단독요법이나 수술 흑은 화학요법과의 병합요법으로 치료받은 두경부종양 환자 75명을 대상으로 경부 방사선조사가 갑상선기능에 미치는 영향을 평가하기 위하여 전향적 조사를 실시하였다. 모든 환자는 방사선치료전 및 방사선치료후에 정기적으로 임상검사 및 갑상선 기능검사를 시행하였다. 갑상선조사선량은 35Gy에서 60Gy였고 그 중앙값은 50Gy였으며 추적관찰기간은 11개월에서 85개월로 중앙추적기간은 30개월 이었다. 결과를 보면 갑상선 기능이상의 빈도는 40$ \% $(30명)이었다. 45명(60$ \% $)은 갑상선 기능이 정상이었으며 2명(3$ \% $)은 임상적 갑상선 기능저하증 이었고 27명(36$ \% $)은 준임상적 갑상선 기능저하증 이었다. 갑상선 기능항진증이 1명(1$ \% $)에서 발견되었으며 갑상선 결절이나 악성종양은 발견되지 알았다. 수술 및 방사선치료군에서 갑상선 기능이상이 다른 치료군에서보다 일찍 발생하였다(p=0.0013). 다변량분석에 따르면 방사선치료후 갑상선 기능이상의 발생빈도에 영향을 주는 위험인자는 여성(p=0.0293) 및 전후두절제술과 방사선치료의 병합요법(p=0.0045)였다. 결론적으로 방사선치료후 정확한 시기에 갑상선 기능이상을 발견하기 위하여 방사선 치료전 및 방사선 치료후에 정기적인 갑상선 기능검사가 필요하며 갑상선 기능이상이 발견되면 즉시 갑상선 호르몬제재 치료를 하여야 하겠다. Seventy-five patients with tumors of the head and neck treated with either radiation therapy alone or combined with surgery or chemotherapy were studied prospectively to evaluate the effects of radiation therapy to the neck on thyroid gland between September 1986 and October 1992. All patients were serially monitored for thyroid function tests before and after radiation therapy. Radiation dose to the thyroid gland ranged from 35 to 60 Gy with a median dose of 50 Gy. Median follow-up time was 30 months with a range of 11 to 85 months. The incidence of thyroid dysfunction was 40$ \% $: forty-five patients(60$ \% $) euthyroid, 2 patients(3$ \% $) clinical hypothyroidism, 27 patients(36$ \% $) subclinical hypothyroidism and 1 patient(1$ \% $) hyperthyroidism. No thyroid nodules or thyroid cancer were detected in any patients. Thyroid dysfunction appeared earlier in patients who underwent surgery than in those patients treated with radiation therapy alone or combination of chemotherapy and radiation therapy(P=0.0013). By multivariate analysis, risk factors that significantly influenced a higher incidence of thyroid dysfunction were female sex(p=0.0293) and combination of total laryngectomy and radiation therapy(p : 0.0045). In conclusion, evaluation of thyroid function before and after radiation therapy with periodic thyroid function tests are recommended to detect thyroid dysfunction in time and thyroid hormone replacement therapy is recommended whenever thyroid dysfunction develops.

MEN Type 2 ( Sipple ` s Syndrome ) 의 신티그램 소견

이규보(Kyu Bo Lee),이재태(Jae Tae Lee),황기석(Kee Suk Whang),김보완(Bo Wan Kim),이인규(In Kyu Lee) 대한핵의학회 1991 핵의학 분자영상 Vol.25 No.1

Multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2 (MEN type 2, Sipple's syndrome) is a rare disorder characterized by the association of medullary carcinoma of the thyroid, parathyroid hyperplasia and can be diagonsed in early stage of the disease by meticulous screening tests of the famiiy. This case report describes the location and categorization of tumors using 99mTc-pertechnetate, I -NaI, 99mTc-pentavalent(V) DMSA, 131I -MIBG scans in two cases of MEN type 2 occurred in a 32 year old women and her 29-year old brother. In MEN type 2, we think, combined use of 99mTc-(V)-DMSA, Tc-pertechnetate and 131I -MIBG may be useful for the categorization of tumor mass lesions and planning appropriate therapy.

증례 : 파라티푸스에 합병된 급성 갑상선엽 1 예

이규보 ( Kyu Bo Lee ),김능수 ( Nung Soo Kim ),김보완 ( Bo Wan Kim ),이재태 ( Jae Tae Lee ) 대한내과학회 1984 대한내과학회지 Vol.27 No.9

당뇨병 환자의 위배출능 : 위배출시간 , 위저류율 및 Cisapride의 영향

이규보(Kyu Bo Lee),이재태(Jae Tae Lee),정병천(Byung Chun Chung),최정일(Chung Il Choi),김보완(Bo Wan Kim),곽동석(Dong Suck Gwak),정준모(Jun Mo Chung) 대한핵의학회 1992 핵의학 분자영상 Vol.26 No.2

N/A Gastic emptying scan in diabetic patients is widely used to assess the degree of motility disturbance and the symtoms such as nausea, vomiting, bloating, abdominal pain and early gastric fullness which we can't find anatomic lesion by fiberoscopic or barium study. In order to determine the relationship among diabetic gastropathy, neropathy, retinopathy and disease duration, gastric emptying scan using Tc-99m-tin colloid labeled scramble egg in hamburger was performed in 10 healty male controls and 50 diabetic patients which were subdivided to no neuropathy, peripheral neuropathy and autonomic neuropathy groups according to the degree of diabetic neuropathy and no retinopathy, background retinopathy and proliferative retinopathy groups according to the degree of diabetic retinopathy. After medication of cisapride for 2 weeks, we observed the presence of improvement of gastric motility in diabetics. The results were as following: 1) In controls, gastric emptying time (GET1/2) was 75±13.6 min and 2 hour gastric retension rate(GRR2) was 32±11.1%. 2) In diabetics, GET/2 was prolonged more than 2 hours and GRR2 was 58±23.1%. According to degree of neuropathy, GET1/2 was prolonged more than 2 hours in all three groups and GRR2 was 54±24.1% in no neuropathy group, 57±24.3% in peripheral neuropathy group and 69±24.6% in autanomic neuropathy group. According to degree of retinopathy, GET1/2 was 110±23.4 min in no retinopathy group and prolonged more than 2 hours in other two groups and GRR2 was 45±21.6% in no retinopathy group, 71±19.7% in background retinopathy group and 73±21.5% in proliferative retinopathy group. 3) After cisapride for 2 weeks, GET1/2 and GRR2 were improved as 90±14.6 min and 40±13.8% (initial GET1/2 and GRR2 were above 2 hours and 61±15.4%). We can conclude from above findings that gastropathy in diabetic neuropathy suggesting main underlying factor in motility disorder. The degree of retinopathy and disease duration were correlated with severity of gastropathy in diabetics. From the results of gastric emptying scan, we can conclude that cisapride was useful drug for improving diabetic gastropathy and gastric emptying scan was valuable for assessing severity of diabetic gastropathy as non-invasive method.