The Quadrimoraic Maximality of the Korean Roots

김노주 신영어영문학회 2014 신영어영문학 Vol.57 No.-

Although the issue of word minimality has been extensively covered in previous studies (McCarthy and Prince 1986, 1991ab, 1993ab, 1995; Park1997, among others), the complementary topic of maximality has been largely neglected. This paper investigates the issue of root maximality, proposing that the constraint Quadrimoraic Maximality accounts for the fact that all Korean roots are limited to a maximum weight of four moras. This constraint applies to the roots of all lexical categories. Evidence from each of the four major open-class categories will be examined in turn. Furthermore, the constraint additionally encompasses function roots belonging to closed-class categories. As Bloomfield (1933) pointed out early on, grammatical words are shorter than lexical words, so any maximality constraint which applies to lexical roots will encompass the breadth of the lexicon in its entirety without any need to distinguish between major and minor categories, as has been the common practice in previous work on minimality.

Suffix Reclassification and Consonant Cluster Simplification of English

김노주,우민재 신영어영문학회 2016 신영어영문학 Vol.63 No.-

The aim of this paper is to reclassify English suffixes into two groups in order to explain the phenomenon of English consonant alternation more adequately. English suffixes are divided into two classes depending on their phonological behavior both in stress shift and segmental alternation. Class 1 suffixes were claimed to induce both stress shift and segmental alternation, whereas Class 2 suffixes were believed to play no role in both areas. However, this traditional classification encounters a serious challenge due to Affix Ordering Paradox and incompatibility of stress shift with segmental alternation. One of the solutions Kim (2015) proposes is to separate the issue of stress shift from that of segmental alternation. Kim (2015) takes a tonal and metrical approach to the stress in derived words without reliance on the traditional suffix classification. Leaving the stress issue to this approach, we are still required to explain the remaining issues, i.e., Affix Ordering Paradox and segmental alternation. To resolve these remaining issues, this paper aims to reclassify suffixes into two types depending solely upon their behavior in consonant alternation. This new approach never evokes Ordering Paradox, and explains segmental alternation by way of two Output-to-Output Constraints more appropriately.

The Two Structure-sensitive Constraints OCP(XP) and C-command in Korean Prosodic Phrasing

김노주 대한영어영문학회 2009 영어영문학연구 Vol.35 No.4

N. Kim’s previous studies have shown that properties both of phonology and of syntax play a significant role in defining a P-phrase in Korean. Among the constraints that play major roles in N. Kim’s studies, the constraints OCP(XP) and C-command are structure-sensitive in that they make a judgement on syntactic structures the words of an identical P-phrase can or cannot have. Though these two constraints played major roles in N. Kim’s previous studies, it turns out (i) that the constraint OCP(XP) is no longer necessary and (ii) that the constraint C-command needs to be revised. Eliminating OCP(XP) and making a revision to C-command, this paper aims to simplify and develop the area of prosodic phrasing in Korean phonology.

반응성염료에 의한 견의 균일염색 연구

김노주,조현태,장영도,Kim, No-Ju,Jo, Hyeon-Tae,Jang, Yeong-Do 한국섬유공학회 1981 한국섬유공학회지 Vol.18 No.2

Reactive dyes containing a dichlorotrianinyl dye of high reactivity, a vinyl sulfone dye of medium reactivity, and a monochlorotriazinyl dye and a acryl bromide dye of low reactivity were applied to silk fibers by two step and single step alkali-process with the variation of several dyeing condition factors. The effects of dyeing condition factors taken as variables on the level dyeing were studied and discussed by introducing the levelness parameter L.P.(fixation), defined by L.P.(fixation) =F1/F0, where Fl=fixation during first 10min. of fixation, and F0=maximum fixation. In the two step alkali-process, the concentration of salt(Na2SO4), the amounts of adsorption and fixation and the rate of adsorption at adsorption process had all no relation with the levelness of dyeing, but the rate of adsorption at fixation process exhibited good inter-relation with the levelness. In the single step alkali-process, the rate of adsorption and the rate constant showed good corelation with the levelness, but it was difficult to corelate the diffusion coefficient with the levelness.

운율구의 정의에 관하여: 음운론과 통사론의 상호작용

김노주 신영어영문학회 2005 신영어영문학회 학술발표회 자료집 Vol.2005 No.2

An Accentual and Metrical Approach to the English Stress System: With a specific reference to primary stress in derived words

김노주 신영어영문학회 2017 신영어영문학 Vol.66 No.-

Investigating the English primary stress in derived words, this paper shows that English is not a pure stress language, nor is it a pure tone language. It is an accentual language that can be better understood by way of an accentual and metrical approach. Previous studies, depending upon the division of suffixes into classes 1 and 2, do not achieve observational adequacy due to the incompatibility of stress shift with segment alternations. Hence, this paper claims that the two issues, stress and segment alternations, are fundamentally different in nature and hence should be explained with two different tools. Woo (2014) and Kim & Woo (2016) have dealt with the first issue of segment alternations in terms of affix reclassification. Complementary to these studies, this paper studies the remaining issue of stress in terms of the accentual types of English suffixes, and show that the stress issue is explained more adequately by way of adopting a new approach ‘accentual and metrical.’

언어학, 개체와 관계의 미학

김노주 신영어영문학회 2012 신영어영문학 Vol.51 No.-

Linguistics, the Aesthetics of Entities and Their Relationships. The New Studies of English Language & Literature 51 (2012): 201-240. This paper provides an analysis of the role of propositions, and demonstrates that the essence of '(Natural) Science' is to define the properties of entities and the relationships between entities. Additionally, it is proposed that all science is concerned with six basic acts, and demonstrates that since linguistics is a result of these six acts, it too is science. As linguistic examples that have obtained from three acts of doing science, the analyses of English proper nouns and Korean vowel shortening will be provided. The analysis of English proper nouns will demonstrate how important it is to correctly define the term 'proper noun (phrase).' In addition, the analysis of Korean vowel shortening will prove how significant it is to find a new entity and to define its relationship with another entity. (Kyungpook National University)

경북방언의 음운구에 관한 연구

김노주 현대문법학회 2000 현대문법연구 Vol.22 No.-

No-Ju Kim. 2000. Prosodic Phrasing in North Kyungsang Korean. Studies in Modern Grammar 22, 173-197. Defining prosodic phrases (P-phrases), which differ from syntactic phrases, is critical to conduct phrase-level phonology because there is no one-to-one correspondence between syntactic phrases and prosodic ones. Several different, approaches have been made to explain the mapping process of syntactic phrases into prosodic phrases. All the previous studies have one thing in common in that a P-phrase is argued to be formed by referring to syntactic structure only. These theories are tenable for the data from North Kyungsang Korean (NK Korean) only when the length of a complement NP is less than or equal to two words. However, all the theories do not work when the length of the complement NP is longer than two words. To solve this problem, this paper argues that for prosodic phrasing, phonological weight as well as syntactic properties needs to be considered.

Asymmetrical Distribution of Long Vowels in Connection with a H in North Kyungsang Korean

김노주 한국현대언어학회 2010 언어연구 Vol.26 No.3

In this paper the distribution of long vowels in connection with a H in North Kyungsang Korean is investigated. Unlike Seoul Korean, long vowels can manifest themselves without limitations in this variety of Korean, i.e., word-internally as well as word-initially and word-finally. N. Kim (1997) claims that long vowels can surface only if they attract H’s on the surface. This generalization is embodied by his assumption that the constraint Weight-to-Tone Principle (WTP) outranks MAX (m). In line with this generalization, this paper verifies that long vowels exhibit distributional asymmetry in connection with a H; they can sponsor a singly-linked H and also occur at the left edge of a doubly-linked H, but they cannot appear at the right edge of a doubly-linked H. Revision of N. Kim’s (1997) WTP is required to explain this distributional asymmetry that long vowels exhibit. This revision enables us to cover a seemingly exceptional behavior of a floating H with a heavy derivational suffix and an apparently unexpected vowel shortening at the phrase level.

Barriers in Tone Shift

김노주 한국현대언어학회 2012 언어연구 Vol.27 No.4

In contrast to local tone shift and unbounded tone shift, which are found mostly in African tone languages, North Kyungsang Korean (NK Korean) exhibits a third type of tone shift that differs from these two in being non-local yet bounded (N. Kim (1998). The constraint Bounding is proposed in N. Kim (1998: 75) to explain this newly found tone shift, and this constraint determines how far tone can move in the case that it can move non-locally, yet it is insufficient in the statement of its terms in that it erroneously allows a H to shift across a word boundary. This problem originates in the lack of acknowledgment of the left edges of domains as barriers, and furthermore crucially misses the morphological stem boundary that should also have been counted as a barrier. To remedy these problems, this paper redefines the constraint Bounding by adopting the term barriers from Chomsky (1986). Barriers are boundaries that play a role in blocking tone shift, and the boundaries identified as barriers include both the left and right edges of the root, the M-stem, the P-stem, and the word. After examining the relevant data extensively, this paper will show that the constraint Bounding prohibits a H from shifting over more than one barrier.