우리나라 남부지방의 사슴사육 실태조사

곽종형(C . H . Kwack),강대진(D . J . Kang),안병홍(B . H . Ahn) 한국축산학회 1991 한국축산학회지 Vol.33 No.8

This survey was carried out to investigate the feeding situation of Sika deer, Red deer and Elk raised in the southern district of Korea. Herd size of deer investigated was divided into two groups of above 10 heads and below 10 heads. Questionnaire and inquiry were carried out simultaneously. The results obtained are as follows. 1. As for the educational background of deer farm owners, high school graduates were above 78% and owners averaged 8.52 years in deer farm management. 2. In the management type, 29% of owners specialized in a deer industry and 71% of owners kept deer farming as a side line. 3. Among breeds of deer raised, Sika deer(84.10%), was the principal breed and average number of deer per farm was 26.6 heads. 4. Rations for growing cattle were fed most frequently as concentrates for deer. Native grasses and leaves of trees were offered largely as roughages. During the winter season, kudzu hay, alfalfa cube and acacia leaf hay were mainly offered. 5. Male Sika deer consumed 2.02 to 2.52㎏ of feed daily and took 0.30 to 0.45㎏ of crude protein. Daily ME intake per metabolic body size ranged from 174.6 to 193.6㎉. Female Sika deer consumed 1.63 to 2.46㎏ of feed daily and took 0.24 to 0.44㎏ cf crude protein. Daily ME intake per metabolic body size ranged from 190.3 to 248.5㎉. Sika deer consumed less feed and nutrients during the winter season than during the spring, summer and autumn seasons. 6. Male Red deer consumed 3.41 to 3.91㎏ of feed daily and took 0.56 to 0.70㎏ of crude protein. Daily ME intake per metabolic body size ranged from 185 to 195㎉. Female Red deer consumed 2.78 to 3.48㎏ of feed daily and took 0.43 to 0.63㎏ of crude protein. Daily ME intake per metabolic body size ranged from 194 to 211㎉. Red deer consumed less feed and nutrients during the winter season than during the spring, summer and autumn seasons. 7. Male Elk consumed 6.41 to 8.29㎏ of feed daily and took 1.17 to 1.18㎏ of crude protein. Daily ME intake per metabolic body size ranged from 194 to 236㎉ and EIk took more energy during the winter season than during the spring, summer and autumn seasons. Female EIk consumed 7.76 to 7.77㎏ of feed daily and took 1.10 to 1.23㎏ of crude protein. Daily ME intake per metabolic body size was 254㎉. 8. About 50% of deer farms has a holding pen and diarrhea was the most frequently occurred disease. 9. The amount of velvet production from an adult deer per year was 0.88㎏ in Sika deer, 2.31㎏ in Red deer and 9.84㎏ in EIk. The amount of blood shed in case of harvesting velvet was 699㎖ in Sika deer, 1,369 ㎖ in Red deer and 2,685㎖ in Elk. According to the above results, it may be concluded that the moderate herd size for raising. deer is 40 heads for Sika deer, 20 heads for Red deer and 10 heads for EIk. Feeds used in example 1 to 12 were approximately adequate to the energy and protein requirements for deer by breeds, body weight and sex during four seasons. However, in the calcium and phosphorus contents shown in example l to 12, it needs to draw an attention that phosphorus content of ration was slightly lower than the requirement.

우리나라 중부지방의 사슴사육 실태조사

곽종형(C . H . Kwack),강대진(D . J . Kang),안병홍(B . H . Ahn),송준익(J . I . Song) 한국영양사료학회 1994 韓國營養飼料學會誌 Vol.18 No.2

볏짚의 과산화수소처리가 젖소의 반추위내 건물 소실율 및 분해특성에 미치는 영향

곽종형(C . H . Kwack),김훈회(H . H . Kim),윤상기(S . G . Yun),김현섭(H . S . Kim),권응기(U . G . Kwon),김재황(J . H . Kim),유성오(S . O . Yoo) 한국영양사료학회 1995 韓國營養飼料學會誌 Vol.19 No.5

아미노산 첨가수준에 따른 산란계용 사료의 단백질 절약효과

곽종형,강대진,고영두,하정기,한인규,김성겸 ( C . H . Kwack,D . J . Kang,Y . D . Ko,J . K . Ha,In K . Han,S . K . Kim ) 한국축산학회 1981 한국축산학회지 Vol.23 No.6

To investigate the protein sparing effect of DL-methionine and L-lysin on the laying hen ration, the present experiment with a total of 288 hens (Hi-sex commercial hens) was carried out for a period of 14 weeks (23-36 weeks). In this experiment 8 treatments ((1) control, CP 16%; (2) basal, CP 14% (3)basal +L-lysine 0.1% ; (4) basal+L-lysine 0.2% ; (5) basal+DL-methionine 0.1 % ; (6) basal+DL-methionine 0.2%; (7) basal+L-lysine 0.1%+DL-methionine 0.1 %; and (8) basal+L-lysine 0.2%+DL-methionine 0.2%) were employed. Metabolism trial was conducted at the end of feeling trial. The results obtained are summarized as follows; 1. The highest egg production was obtained from the group of basal+L-lysine 0.2%+DL-methionine 0.2% and the lowest from the group of basil +L-lysine 0.2%. But no statistically significant difference was found among all the treatments. 2. The heaviest egg weight was obtained from the group of basal+L-lysine 0.2%+DL-methionine 0.2% and the lightest was obtained from basal+L-lysine 0. 1%. But no significant difference was found among all the treatments. 3 . In feed intake, significant (p$lt;0.05) differences were found among treatment groups. Higher feed consumptions were generally resulted from the groups supplemented with L-lysine and/or DL-methionine. 4. Best, feed efficiency was obtained from control group, and the worst from the group of basal+L-lysine 0.1%+DL-methionine 0.1%. But no significant difference was found among all the treatments. 5. Nutrient utilization was not affected by supplementation with L-lysine and/or DL-methionine. 6. Feed cost per Kg egg mass production was in order of basal, basal +L-lysine 0.1%, basal+L-methionine 0.1%, basal+L-lysine 0.2%+DL-methionine 0.2%, control, basal+L-lysine 0.2%, basal+L-lysine 0.1%+DLmethionine 0.1%, and basal+DL-methionine 0.2%. Therefore, based on the results of this experiment, it is concluded that supplementation of L-Lysine and DL -Methionine at the level of 0.2% respectively with the basal ration(14% protein) would be able to spare 2% dietary protein.

고령토의 사료적가치에 관한 연구 2 . 고령토의 첨가수준이 병아리의 영양소이용율에 미치는 영향

안병홍,하정기,곽종형 ( B . H . Ahn,J . K . Ha,C . H . Kwack ) 한국축산학회 1979 한국축산학회지 Vol.21 No.4

This experiment was carried out to investigate the effect of kaolin supplementation from 1% to 6% on the nutrient utilization of egg type chickens of Babcock, The results obtained were as follows: 1. Dry matter utilization of chicken fed the different levels of kaolin was slightly improved as the levels of kaolin supplementation were hither, However, no statistical differences were found out on the dry matter utilization between treatments, 2. Crude protein utilization and nitrogen retention of chicken fed tire different levers of kaolin were significantly (P$lt;0.01) improved as the levels of kaolin supplementation were generally higher. Treatments supplemented with 5%, and 6% of kaolin had a higher crude protein utilization and nitrogen retention compared with those of other treatments. 3. NFE utilization was greatly (P$lt;0.01) improved and fat utilization was greatly (P$lt;0.01) decreased as the levels of kaolin supplementation were higher. 4. In general, crude fiber utilization was slightly improved as the levels of kaolin supplementation were higher, However it was found that there were a great differences between treatments.

한국재래산양의 산지집단 사양체계 개발에 관한 연구 - 산지집단 사육과 사내 (舍內) 사육법의 비교 -

강대진(D . J . Kang),곽종형(C . H . Kwack),송준익(J . I . Song) 한국영양사료학회 1996 韓國營養飼料學會誌 Vol.20 No.1

브로일러 초생추에 있어서 피틴태린이 칼슘과 인의 이용성에 미치는 영향

이기웅,한인규,하종규,김성겸,곽종형 ( K . U . Lee,In K . Han,J . K . Ha,S . K . Kim,C . H . Kwack ) 한국축산학회 1986 한국축산학회지 Vol.28 No.2

Present study was conducted to investigate the availabilities of the phytic acid phosphorus and tricalcium phosphate as dietary phosphorus sources in starting broiler chicks. The phytic acid phosphorus and tricalcium phosphate were of almost equal availabilities to the chicks for growth, although low body weight gain and feed intake were obtained from the chicks fed a diet containing 1.5% calcium and 0.4% supplemental phytic acid phosphorus, which might be caused by the wide Ca/P ratio. The two dietary phosphorus sources had almost equal availabilities for the bone formation. Bone ash and bone phosphorus, however, decreased when chicks were fed a diet containing 0.7% calcium and 0.4% phytic acid phosphorus. It might be attributed to the low level of dietary calcium. Mortality and feed efficiency were not affected by any of the two phosphorus sources.

수수의 옥수수대찬 및 메티오닌 , 라이신의 첨가가 육계의 능력에 미치는 영향

김광석,한인규,하종규,곽종형 ( K . S . Kim,I . K . Han,J . K . Ha,C . H . Kwack ) 한국축산학회 1986 한국축산학회지 Vol.28 No.11

This experiment was conducted to examine the effect of substituting sorghum grain for corn, and methionine and lysine supplementation on the chick performances. Two hundred and eighty male broiler chicks were divided into 28 groups of 10 birds. Substitution levels of sorghum grain for corn were 0% (diet 1), 40%(diet 2 and 3), 60%(diet 4 and 5), and 80%(diet 6 and 7) of corn. The basis of supplementing limiting amino acids (methionine and lysine) was to meet the level of chick`s requirements. There were no significant differences in weight gain among groups. Adding sorghum grain to the diet increased (p$lt;0.05) feed intake. However, no differences in feed intake were observed among sorghum grain fed groups. Increased feed intake by chicks fed sorghum grains may have been caused by lower energy density of sorghum grain. Feed efficiency of diet 1 (no sorghum diet) was significantly (p$lt;0.05) better than those of other dietary groups, which probably can be explained by the lower energy density in sorghum grain. The effect of amino acid supplementation to the sorghum diets was not prominent in the present study.

옥수수 - 계분 silage 의 제조와 사료가치에 관한 연구

고영두(Y . D . Ko),곽종형(C . H . Kwack),송우준(W . J . Song) 한국축산학회 1990 한국축산학회지 Vol.32 No.8

In order to enhance the nutritional value of corn silage, and the utilization of animal waste, sun-dried cage layer excreta was added to whole crop corn. The characteristics of fermentation of the silage was evaluated. In a feeding trial with cow, milk production and the quality of milk were observed. In another feeding trial with sheep, digestibility of the silages and the changes in ruminal fluid were observed. The results obtained are summarized as follows; 1. Cage layer excreta added corn silage showed higher in DM, crude protein and ash content than whole crop corn silage, while crude fibre and NFE were decresed, NDF and ADF were increased in the cage layer excreta added corn silage. 2. The intake of corn silage was higher than that of cage layer excreta added silage, however total dry matter intake was higher in cage layer excreta aded silage when a concentrate was saved by 10 percent, the intake of the silage was significantly increased. 3. There was no significant difference in fat corrected milk production and milk composition among cage layer excreta added corn silage, ordinary corn silage and concentrate saved silage. When the concentrate was saved in corn silage, the milk production was silightly decresed. 4. The digestibility of cage layer excreta added corn silage was significantly(p $lt;.05) improved. 5. pH and VFA of ruminal fluid of the sheep fed cage layer excreta added corn silage were not changed, while the fermentation status in the rumen was improved as a whole. 6. When cage layer excreta was added up to 30% in corn silage, an economic return was greater 331 won per day per head than that of control.

저단백질사료 급여시 육성돈의 Methionine 요구량에 대한 연구

김광현(K . H . Kim),곽종형(C . H . Kwack),김용식(Y . S . Kim),전우복(W . B . Chun),이상진(S . J . Lee) 한국축산학회 1990 한국축산학회지 Vol.32 No.12

This study was conducted to determine the optimumn level of DL-methionine for pro-finishing piglets fed 12% CP corn-soy diet fortified with 0.24% L-lysine and 0.06%, L-threonine. Onehundred and twenty growing pigs(L × W × D :34.4kg BW) were randomly allotted to 4 supplemental levels of DL-methionine treatments(0, 0.035, 0.07 and 0.105%) for 36 days feeding trial Each treatment consisted of 3 replicates and 10 pigs per replicate, respectively. A metabolic trial was conducted with 12 pigs for 5 days after the feeding trial. Results obtained were summarized as follows: l. Although there was no statistical differences among treatments, the average daily weight gain in 0.07% treatment and feed intake in basal diet were a little higher than the other treatments. However, there was a significant difference(p$lt;.05) between 0.07% and other groups in feed conversion. 2. Although there was no significant differences among treatments, the highest values of crude protein digestibility, TDN and nitrogen retention were obtained with the 0.07% treatment. However. the methionine availability value(88.82%) of 0.07% treatment was significantly(p$lt;.05) higher than those of the other treatments. 3. The free S-containing amino acid level of plasma tended to increased as dietary level of methionine increased. However, the plasma urea-N level was the lowest in 0.07% treatment. 4. The total non-sulfur free essential amino acid level of plasma was lowest in 0.07% treatment and tended to increase as the methionine level increased to 0.105%. It could be concluded that the optimum level of DL-methionine supplementation for growing piglets fed 12% CP corn-soy diet is 0.07%, resulting in 0.45% S-containing amino acids in the diet.