비타민 A 급여수준과 거세가 한우의 비육능력 및 혈액성장에 미치는 영향

안병홍,김병호,문여황 ( B . H . Ahn,B . H . Kim,Y . H . Moon ) 한국영양사료학회 1998 韓國營養飼料學會誌 Vol.22 No.4

고령토의 사료적가치에 관한 연구 2 . 고령토의 첨가수준이 병아리의 영양소이용율에 미치는 영향

안병홍,하정기,곽종형 ( B . H . Ahn,J . K . Ha,C . H . Kwack ) 한국축산학회 1979 한국축산학회지 Vol.21 No.4

This experiment was carried out to investigate the effect of kaolin supplementation from 1% to 6% on the nutrient utilization of egg type chickens of Babcock, The results obtained were as follows: 1. Dry matter utilization of chicken fed the different levels of kaolin was slightly improved as the levels of kaolin supplementation were hither, However, no statistical differences were found out on the dry matter utilization between treatments, 2. Crude protein utilization and nitrogen retention of chicken fed tire different levers of kaolin were significantly (P$lt;0.01) improved as the levels of kaolin supplementation were generally higher. Treatments supplemented with 5%, and 6% of kaolin had a higher crude protein utilization and nitrogen retention compared with those of other treatments. 3. NFE utilization was greatly (P$lt;0.01) improved and fat utilization was greatly (P$lt;0.01) decreased as the levels of kaolin supplementation were higher. 4. In general, crude fiber utilization was slightly improved as the levels of kaolin supplementation were higher, However it was found that there were a great differences between treatments.

닭의 단백질 및 에너지요구량 결정에 관한 연구 5 . 대추의 단백질 및 에너지 요구량 결정을 위한 연구

안병홍,한인규 ( B . H . Ahn,I . K . Han ) 한국축산학회 1982 한국축산학회지 Vol.24 No.6

This experiment was carried out to investigate the protein and energy requirements of egg type White Leghorn pullets. Three energy levels (2900, 2800, 2700㎉/㎏, ME) were employed and each energy level contained three protein levels of 14, 13, 12%. Feeding trial was conducted. The results obtained were as follows. 1. In the energy levels, body weight gain and feed efficiency of pullets improved progressively as the energy levels decreased but there were no significant differences among energy levels. Feed intake showed no significant differences among energy levels. 2. In the protein levels, body weight gain of pullets was significantly (P$lt;0.05) higher in the lower protein levels than in the higher protein levels. 13% and 12% protein levels were higher in the body weight gain than 14% protein level but no significant differences were found out between 13% and 12% protein levels. Feed intake was significantly (P$lt;0.05) higher in the 13% protein level than in the 14% and 12% protein levels but there were no differences between 14% and 12% protein levels. Feed efficiency improved with decreasing protein levels but there were no differences among protein levels. 3. Energy (ME) intake per bird per day ranged from 182㎉ to 197㎉ and was not affected by the protein levels but decreased significantly (P$lt;0.05) as the energy levels decreased. Energy intake (Y) of pullets was associated in a curvilinear manner with energy levels (X) of ration as shown in the following regression equation: y = -2554.4 + 1.8881 X - 0.0003239X² Protein intake per bird per day ranged from 8.13g to 9.47g and was not affected by the energy levels but decreased significantly (P$lt;0.0l) in the lower protein levels. Protein intake(Y) of pullets was associated in a curvilinear manner with the protein levels(X) of ration as shown in the following regression equation; Y = - 28.86 + 5.1469 X - 0.1721X² According to the above results, it is concluded that 2,700㎉ to 2,800㎉ energy(ME) levels and 12% to 13% protein levels would be suitable for optimal growth in egg type pullets.

맥주공장 폐수 활성오니의 사료적 가치에 관한 연구 2 . 맥주공장 폐수 활성오니의 급여수준이 병아리의 성장율 및 영양소 이용율에 미치는 영향

안병홍,한인규 ( B . H . Ahn,In K . Han ) 한국축산학회 1979 한국축산학회지 Vol.21 No.5

This experiment was carried out to investigate the nutritive value of brewery`s activated sludge on the performance and nutrients utilization by egg type chicken of Babcock fed the different levels of sludge. Brewery`s activated sludge was substituted at 3, 6, 9 and 12% levels for soybean oil meal in experimental ration. The results obtained were as follows. 1) Body gain of chicken fed the different levels of sludge was decreased in proportion to increasing level of sludge. However, no statistical differences were found out between treatments. 2) Diet intake of chicken fed the different levels of sludge was significantly (P$lt;0.05) increased as the supplementation level of sludge in ration increased. 3) Feed conversion rate of chicken fed the different levels of sludge was high in proportion to increasing level of sludge in ration. However, there were no significant differences between treatments. 4) Utilization of dry matter of chicken fed the different levels of sludge was decreased as the level of sludge in ration increased. However, no statistical differences were found out between treatments. 5) Utilization of crude protein of chicken fed the different levels of sludge was significantly(P$lt;0.01) increased as the level of sludge was higher. Utilization of crude protein of control treatment and of sludge 3 treatment was higher than that of other treatments. 6) Utilization of crude ash of chicken fed the different levels of sludge was significantly(P$lt;0.05) decreased in proportion to increasing level of sludge in ration. 7) Utilization of NFE of chicken fed the different levels of sludge was slightly decreased in proportion to increasing level of sludge in ration. However, no statistical differences were found out between treatment. Therefore according to this experiment, it may be concluded that brewery`s activated sludge can be supplemented with chicken ration( for egg type, Babcock) by 6 - 9%.

닭의 단백질 및 에너지요구량 결정에 관한 연구 3 . 중추의 단백질 및 에너지요구량 결정을 위한 연구

안병홍,한인규 ( B . H . Ahn,I . K . Han ) 한국축산학회 1982 한국축산학회지 Vol.24 No.6

This experiment was carried out to investigate the dietary protein and energy requirements of egg type growing chickens of Single Comb White Leghorn. Three levels of dietary energy (2900, 2800, 2700㎉/㎏, ME) were fed and each energy level was combined with one of the three protein levels of 17, 15, 13%. The results obtained were as follows. 1. In the energy levels, body weight gain and feed efficiency improved significantly (p$lt;0.01) higher in the 2900㎉ and 2800 ㎉ energy levels than in the 2700 ㎉ energy level. However, there were no significant differences between 2800 ㎉ and 2900 ㎉ energy levels. Feed intake showed no significant differences among energy levels. 2. In the protein levels, body gain and feed efficiency improved significantly (p$lt;0.01) higher in the 17% and 15% protein levels than in the 13% protein level. However, there were no significant differences between 17% and 15% protein levels. Feed intake was not significantly affected by protein levels. In the growing chickens, body weight gain and feed efficiency were more affected by protein levels than by energy levels. Body gain (Y₁) and feed efficiency (Y₂) of growing chickens were associated in a quadratic mode with the protein levels (X) of ration. Regression equations, Y₁ = -186.77 + 88.15X - 2.733X² Y₂ = 10.864 - 0.6888X + 0.0204X² indicated that the maximum body weight gain and feed efficiency occurred when the protein level was 15 %. 3. Energy (ME) intake per bird per day ranged from 147㎉ to 157㎉ and was not affected by protein levels but was slightly lower in the low energy levels. protein intake per bird per day ranged from 7.07g to 9.15g and was not affected by energy levels but was slightly lower in the low protein levels. According to the above results, it is concluded that protein level of 15% and energy levels of 2800㎉ to 2900㎉ would be adequate for optimal growth of growing chickens.

닭의 단백질 및 에너지요구량 결정에 관한 연구 4 . 단백질 및 에너지수준이 중추의 영양소이용율 및 체조성에 미치는 영향

안병홍,한인규 ( B . H . Ahn,I . K . Han ) 한국축산학회 1982 한국축산학회지 Vol.24 No.6

This experiment was carried out to investigate the dietary protein and energy requirements of egg type growing chickens of Single Comb White Leghorn. Three energy levels (2900, 2800, 2700 ㎉/㎏, ME) were fed and each energy level was combined with one of the three protein levels of 17, 15, 13%. Digestion trial and slaughter analysis were conducted. The results obtained were as follows. 1. Utilization of dry matter and crude fat decreased numerically with decreasing levels of~energy but no significant differences were found among energy levels. Crude protein utilization increased progressively as the energy levels decreased without any statistical significance. Utilization of carbohydrate and energy improved significantly (p$lt;0.01) with increasing levels of energy. Utilization of carbohydrate (Y₁) and energy (Y₂) of growing chickens was found to be associated in a linear mode with the energy levels (X) of nation. A regression equation Y₁ = 37.389 + 0.01573X Y₂ = 19.002 + 0.01973X indicated that the maximum utilization of carbohydrate and energy occurred when the energy level was 2900 ㎉/㎏. 2. Utilization of dry matter, crude protein, carbohydrate and energy showed no significant differences among protein levels. Utilization of crude fat was significantly (p$lt;0.05) higher in the 17% protein diet than in diets of 13 and 15% protein. 3. Body composition of growing chickens was not greatly affected by the dietary energy levels. Body protein content of growing chickens decreased and body fat content increased numerically as the dietary protein levels decreased. Ash content was not affected by the dietary protein and energy levels. According to the above results, it is concluded that 15% protein and 2900 ㎉/㎏ of metabolizable energy would be adequate for optimal utilization of nutrients in growing chickens.

닭의 단백질 및 에너지요구량 결정에 관한 연구 1 . 초생추의 단백질 및 에너지 요구량 결정을 위한 연구

안병홍,한인규 ( B . H . Ahn,I . K . Han ) 한국축산학회 1981 한국축산학회지 Vol.23 No.6

This experiment was carried out to investigate the dietary protein and energy requirements of egg type starting chickens of single comb white leghorn. Three dietary energy levels (2900, 2800, 2700㎉, ME/㎏) were employed and each energy level contained three protein levels of 20, 18, 16%. Feeding trial was conducted. The results obtained were as follows: 1. In the energy levels, body weight gain and feed efficiency improved significantly (p $lt; 0.01) higher in the energy level of 2900㎉ than in the energy levels of 2800 and 2700㎉. However, there were no significant differences between 2800㎉ and 2700㎉ levels. feed intake increased progressively with decreasing level of energy. However, there were no significant differences among energy levels. Feed efficiency (Y) of starting chickens was found to be associated in a curvilinear manner with the energy levels (X) of ration. A regression equation: Y = - 17.086 + 0.01489X - 0.000002784X² indicated that the maximum feed efficiency occurred when the energy level was 2900㎉/㎏. 2. In the protein levels, body gain and feed efficiency improved significantly (p $lt; 0.01) as the protein levels increased. Feed intake was significantly (p $lt; 0.01) lower in the 16% protein level than in the 20% and 18% protein levels. In the starting chickens, body weight gain, feed intake and feed efficiency were more affected by dietary protein levels than by dietary energy levels. Body gain (Y₁) and feed efficiency (Y₂) of starting chickens were associated in a curvilinear manner with the protein levels (X) of ration. A regression equation: Y₁= - 413.42 + 85.777X - 2.0613X² Y₂= 2.5251 + 0.08395X - 0.003854X² indicated that the maximum body gain and feed efficiency occurred when the protein level ranged from 18% to 20%. 3. Energy (ME) intake per bird per day ranged from 82 to 87㎉ and was slightly lower in the low energy and low protein levels. Protein intake per bird per day ranged from 4.73g to 6.05g. Protein intake was not affected by energy levels but was slightly lower in the low protein levels. According to the above results, it is concluded that protein levels of 18% to 20% and energy (ME) level of 2900㎉/㎏ would be suitable for optimal growth in starting chickens.

닭의 단백질 및 에너지요구량 결정에 관한 연구 2 . 단백질 및 에너지수준이 초생추의 영양소이용율 및 체조성에 미치는 영향

안병홍,한인규 ( B . H . Ahn,I . K . Han ) 한국축산학회 1981 한국축산학회지 Vol.23 No.6

This experiment was carried out to investigate the dietary protein and energy requirements of egg type starting chickens of single comb white leghorn. Three energy levels (2900, 2800, 2700㎉, ME/㎏) were employed and each energy level contained three protein levels of 20, 18, 16%. Digestion trial and slaughter analysis were conducted. The results obtained were as follows. 1. In the energy levels, dry matter utilization of starting chickens was significantly (p$lt;0.01) lower in the energy 2700㎉ level than in the energy 2800 and 2900㎉ levels. However, there were no significant differences between energy 2800 and 2900㎉ levels. Utilization of crude protein and carbohydrate decreased progressively with decreasing level of energy but no significant differences were found among energy levels. Utilization of crude fat and energy was significantly (p$lt;0.01) higher for the energy 2900 and 2800㎉ groups than for the energy 2700㎉ group. Utilization of dry matter (Y₁) and energy (Y₂) of starting chickens was found to be associated in a curvilinear manner with the energy levels (X) of ration. A regression equation: Y₁= - 326.99 + 0.2635X - 0.00004374X² Y₂= - 865.35 + 0.6408X - 0.0001095X² indicated that the maximum utilization of dry matter and energy occurred when the energy level was 2900㎉/㎏. 2. In the protein levels, dry matter utilisation was significantly (p$lt;0.01) higher for the protein 16% and 18% groups than for the protein 20% group. Crude fat utilization was significantly (p$lt;0.01) higher for the protein 20% group than for the protein, carbohydrate and energy was not affected by the protein levels. 3. Body composition of starting chickens was not greatly affected by the dietary energy levels. In the protein levels, body protein content of starting chickens decreased and body fat content increased progressively as the protein levels decreased. However, ash content was not affected by the dietary protein and energy levels. Content of body protein (Y₁) and body fat (Y₂) was associated in a curvilinear manner with the protein levels (X) of ration. A regression equation: Y₁ = 94.70 - 4.0392X + 0.1466X² Y₂ = 18.63 + 1.370X - 0.07499X² indicated that body protein content was high and body fat content was low when the protein level was 18% to 20%. According to the above results, it is concluded that protein levels of 18% to 20% and energy level of 2900㎉/㎏ would be suitable for optimal utilization of nutrients in starting chickens.

맥주공장 폐수 활성오니의 사료적 가치에 관한 연구 1 . 맥주공장 활성오니의 화학적 조성

안병홍,한인규,윤덕진 ( B . H . Ahn,In K . Han,Doug Jin Yoon ) 한국축산학회 1979 한국축산학회지 Vol.21 No.5

This experiment was carried out to investigate the chemical composition of brewery`s activated sludge. The results obtained were as follows 1. 42.50% of crude protein on the air dried basis, 5.25% of crude fiber, 15.69% of crude ash and 2060㎉ of metabolizable energy per ㎏ were contained in brewery`s activated sludge. 2. Total amine acids content of brewery`s activated sludge was 42.24% and 99% of crude protein of brewery`s activated sludge was a true amino acid, and brewery`s activated sludge contained especially more methionine and threonine than those of soybean oil meal, vegetable origin protein feed. However, contents of lysine and isoleucine in brewery`s activated sludge was low in comparison with those of soybean oil meal. 3. In case of mineral content of brewery`s activated sludge, phosphorus, magnesium, copper and iron were plentifully included. However, calcium content in brewery`s activated aludge was very low.

닭의 단백질 및 에너지요구량 결정에 관한 연구 6 . 단백질 및 에너지수준이 대추의 영양소이용율 및 체조성에 미치는 영향

안병홍,한인규 ( B . H . Ahn,I . K . Han ) 한국축산학회 1982 한국축산학회지 Vol.24 No.6

This experiment was carried out to investigate the dietary protein and energy requirements of egg type White Leghorn pullets. Three metabolizable energy levels (2900, 2800, 2700㎉/㎏) were employed and each energy level contained three protein levels of 14, 13, 12%. Digestion trial and slaughter analysis were conducted. The results obtained were as follows. 1. In the energy levels, utilizability of dry matter of pullets was significantly higher in the 2800㎉ energy level than in the 2900㎉ and 2700㎉ energy levels but there were no differences between 2900㎉ and 2700㎉ energy levels. Utilizability of crude protein was significantly higher in the 2800㎉ energy level than in the 2900㎉ energy level but there were no differences between 2800㎉ and 2700㎉ energy levels. Utilizability of crude protein (X) of pullets was associated in a curvilinear manner with energy levels(X) of ration. A regression equation Y=-3899.2 + 2.8418X - 0.0005118X² indicated that maximum utilizability of crude protein occurred when the energy level was 2800㎉/㎏. Utilizability of carbohydrate was significantly higher in the 2800㎉ energy level than in the 2700㎉ energy level but no differences were found out between 2800㎉ and 2900㎉ energy levels. Utilizability of crude fat showed no differences among energy levels. Utilizability of metabolizable energy was significantly higher in the 2800㎉ energy level and that of ME(Y) was associated in a curvilinear manner with energy levels(X) of ration. A regression equation Y = -1615.5 + 1.2017X - 0.0002132X² indicated that maximum utilizability of ME occurred when the energy level was 2800㎉/㎏. 2. In the protein levels, utilizability of dry matter, crude protein, carbohydrate and energy showed no significant differences among protein levels. However, utilizability of crude fat was highest in the 13% crude protein level but there were no differences between 14% and 12% protein levels. 3. Body composition of pullets showed a tendency that body protein content was higher as the dietary energy levels increased and body fat content was higher as the dietary energy and protein levels decreased. However, ash content was not affected by the dietary energy and protein levels. According to the above results, it is concluded that 12% protein level and 2800㎉ metabolizable energy level would be suitable for optimal performance in egg type pullets.