Biochemical characterization of digestive enzymes in the black soldier fly, Hermetia illucens (Diptera: Stratiomyidae)

고영호,Sungwoo Bae,Kwan-Ho Park,Sang Beom Lee,Youngcheol Choi,Sang Mi Han,Young Ho Koh 한국응용곤충학회 2011 Journal of Asia-Pacific Entomology Vol.14 No.1

The black soldier fly, Hermetia illucens, is beneficial because its larvae feed on organic materials derived from plants, animals and humans and promote the recycling of food waste and organic materials. We investigated the biochemical properties of digestive enzymes released from the salivary gland and gut of the black soldier fly. Because the gut extracts of the black soldier fly larvae had high amylase, lipase and protease activities, we suggested that the black soldier fly might belong to the polyphagous insect group. In addition, a strong trypsin-like protease activity was observed in the gut extracts of the black soldier fly larvae. Higher activities of leucine arylamidase, α-galactosidase, β-galactosidase, α-mannosidase and α-fucosidase were observed from the gut extracts of the black soldier fly larvae compared with those of house fly larvae. These findings may explain previous reports that the black soldier fly larvae can digest food wastes and organic materials more efficiently than any other known species of fly.

Rorty의 교육적 인간상 "Liberal Ironist"에서 추론된 현대 예술론 탐구

고영호 ( Young Ho Koh ) 한국교육철학회 2008 교육철학 Vol.34 No.-

홀 센서 기반 전자식 엔진냉각제어 시스템 설계

고영호(Young-Ho Koh),김현희(Hyun-Hee Kim),이경창(Kyung-Chang Lee) 한국산업융합학회 2017 한국산업융합학회 논문집 Vol.20 No.4

The engine cooling system is a device that maintains the temperature in the engine room at an appropriate level by driving a cooling fan when the temperature in the engine room generated during the vehicle operation occurs over a certain temperature. In recent years, the vehicle cooling system has changed to an electronic system. Therefore, in this paper, we design and develop a hall sensor based electronic engine cooling system. In this paper, a hall sensor module and an actuator module for engine cooling control system are designed. In order to verify the performance of the designed module, the magnetic field control was verified through the simulation of the diameter and the head of the coil.

Dewey 경험적 지식의 포스트모더니즘과의 정합성 연구

고영호 ( Young Ho Koh ) 한국교육철학회 2008 교육철학 Vol.35 No.-

이소크라테스의 수사학과 도덕 교육론에의 시사

고영호(Koh Young-ho) 한국교육철학회 2003 교육철학 Vol.24 No.-

The aim of this study is to make clear moral meanings of Isocrates' rhetoric and search for implications to our moral education. Today we are in jeopardy in moral situations and moral education in school. Causes of those are, I think, results of knowledge-centered moral education and skillfulism, so I described the difficulties of knowledge-centered moral and skillfulistic education and I noticed morality of Isocrates' rhetoric as an answer to such problems. We are able to use an idea of Isocrates' rhetoric in investigation for moral integrity. His rhetoric made efforts to resist to Socrates' knowledge-centered morality and to criticize sophists' amorality. And his rhetoric enlarged domain of meaning of language and made much of doxa than episteme. So he turned morality epistemology into ontology and embraced emotion, will, habit, behavior with knowledge in morality. Whereas our moral education inclines to reason-centered forms or virtue-centered contents of morality, it has been studied to illuminate integrity of morality as forms of whole life. Such attempts correspond to present philosophical trend. Therefore it has been searched methods of moral education in this point of view in various ways. The results of this study are as follows. We can understand moral integrity in Isocrates' rhetoric. Here we can utilize his literatural method in moral education if we try to deduce methodology of moral education in school. Also I scrutinized that Isocrates aimed at morality in rhetoric education and taught it in a way of literature. And I looked into the meanings of cultural method in moral education. I can define cultural method as it makes him and her understand cultural clashes and conflicts through the experiencing various and heterogeneous cultures. Lastly we have to use method of meeting and dialogue in moral education. It is not a meeting as a means of getting a knowledge, but pure meeting with person itself.

Rorty의 교화(edification)와 교육

고영호 ( Young Ho Koh ) 한국교육철학회 2002 교육철학 Vol.20 No.-

The purpose of this study is to analyze and discuss Rorty`s edification and its educational implications. `he conclusions are as follows. The ways of justification of truth or knowledge-claim depend on the propositions on human and his ability. For example, if we believe that human-beings as universality, have reason and cognitive faculty, and can recognize the world accurately, the justification depends on foundational justification, that is, representation theory or correspondence theory. On the contrary, if we deny human`s intrinsic rational capacity and his objective understanding, points of justification of truth or knowledge-claim can be grasped as matters related to our concrete and practical lives or experiences. The former is western mainstreaming philosophy which is one mainstream of traditional epistemologies, while the latter is postmodernism and pragmatism which is against it and is being discussed lately. In my view, Rorty is so-called a typical `neo-pragmatist` who deconstructs traditional philosophy and proposes pragmatism. Rorty regards tradition of systematic philosophy as preceded by Platon, Descartes, Kant, Locke and criticizes that all of them derived from wrong philosophical assumptions. So to speak, those are foundationalism and representation theory on the basis of dualism. In my thesis, I illuminated the meanings and hints of the Rorty`s theory to the conception and aims of education. Rorty proposes the conception of `edification` in correspondence with collapse of traditional knowledge, instead of that of `education` derived from objective knowledge. For Rorty, "edification" is a sort of educational activities which aims at continuous conversation, creation of new metaphors, redescription and interpretation rather than deals with knowledge as outputs of epistemological system-constructing. And I`d constitute educational human image which edification seeks for, and illustrate that `an educated man is an ironist. Moreover, I`d also take its educational suitableness into consideration. In short, I`d conclude that we must discuss open education which can be conversed with our own words according to the Rorty`s neo-pragmatic theory of knowledge. And the horizons of the area of education in which we are interested must be enlarged in accordance with the scope of conception of edification. which was proposed by Rorty. Namely, our concerns on objective knowledge dealt in education have to be enlarged into the noncognitive domains of education, called `edification, that is, conversation and creation of metaphors, interpretations and redescriptions. We have to be interested in an ironist as an ideal man who has an open mind and a creative power rather than one who has a fixed and passive thought. And as for establishing educational aims, it is necessary to notice self-enlargement and self-creation which have been alienated from the objective knowledge.

개발도상국의 외채상환능력 평가모형

고영호 ( Young Ho Koh ) 한국경제학회 1990 經濟學硏究 Vol.38 No.1

풀무치 사육을 위한 보조먹이로서 반합성 인공사료

정진교,이관석,고영호,서보윤,김광호,문윤호,허성기,Jung, Jin Kyo,Lee, Gwan Seok,Koh, Young Ho,Seo, Bo Yoon,Kim, Kwang Ho,Moon, Youn-Ho,Heu, Sunggi 한국응용곤충학회 2018 한국응용곤충학회지 Vol.57 No.4

풀무치[Locusta migratoria (메뚜기목: 메뚜기과)]를 사육할 때 보조먹이로서 전지분유, 밀기울, 옥수수잎 가루, 설탕을 주성분으로 한 혼합 인공사료를 제조하였다. 갓부화 약충에 인공사료만을 제공하여 성충 사망 때까지 사육하였을 때, 다음 세대 집단을 얻지 못했다. 인공사료를 매일 제공하면서 옥수수 잎을 하루걸러 제공하였을 때도 다음 세대 개체를 얻지 못했다. 그러나 인공사료와 옥수수 잎을 하루걸러 번갈아 제공하였을 때는 이후 4세대까지 사육이 가능하였다. 성충의 생식력도 옥수수 잎과 인공사료를 매일 같이 제공한 경우보다, 두 먹이를 하루걸러 번갈아 제공한 경우가 더 높았다. 이상의 결과로 본 연구에서 개발된 인공사료를 주먹이인 식물체의 보조먹이로 삼아 일정기간 풀무치 집단 유지에 이용할 수 있을 것으로 추정되었다. A meridic artificial diet, including whole milk powder, wheat bran, maize leaf powder, and sucrose as the main nutrients, was tested for rearing Locusta migratoria (Orthoptera: Acrididae). When locusts were supplied with only the artificial diet over their entire life cycle, a second generation was not produced. The same result was observed when the diet was supplied daily and fresh maize leaves were supplied every other day. However, when the diet and fresh maize leaves were supplied alternately every other day, four generations of L. migratoria were produced. Fecundity in adults reared with the alternating diet was higher than that in adults supplied with both the diet and maize leaves daily. These results indicate that this artificial diet could be used as a supplementary food for rearing of L. migratoria.

멸구과 8종의 ITS2 DNA 염기서열 비교 분석과 고리매개등온증폭법(LAMP)을 이용한 벼멸구 특이 진단법

서보윤,박창규,고영호,정진교,조점래,강찬영,Seo, Bo Yoon,Park, Chang Gyu,Koh, Young-Ho,Jung, Jin Kyo,Cho, Jumrae,Kang, Chanyeong 한국응용곤충학회 2017 한국응용곤충학회지 Vol.56 No.4

멸구과(Delphacidae) 8종의 internal transcribed spacer 2 (ITS2) DNA 염기서열로 종간 차이 추정값을 비교하고 분자계통수를 추론하였다. ITS2 DNA 염기서열 길이는 종(species)마다 550 bp (흰등멸구)에서 699 bp (겨풀멸구)까지 차이를 보였다. 같은 Nilaparvata 속의 겨풀멸구와 벼멸구붙이 사이의 염기서열 차이 추정값($d{\pm}S.E.$)은 $0.001{\pm}0.001$로 가장 낮았으며, 사슴멸구와 일본멸구 사이는 $0.579{\pm}0.021$로 가장 높았다. 벼멸구와 다른 멸구류들과의 종간 염기서열 차이 추정값은 $0.056{\pm}0.008$ (겨풀멸구)에서부터 $0.548{\pm}0.021$ (일본멸구)로 구분되었다. 반면, Neighbor-joining 방법으로 추론된 분자계통수에서는 겨풀멸구와 벼멸구붙이를 제외하고 나머지 멸구류들은 독립된 다른 그룹으로 분지되었다. 벼멸구의 ITS2 염기서열을 참고하여 벼멸구 특이 고리매개등온증폭(loop-mediated isothermal amplification, LAMP) 프라이머 4 세트(BPH-38, BPH-38-1, BPH-207 및 BPH-92)를 제작하였다. 이들 각각을 벼멸구, 흰등멸구 및 애멸구의 게놈 DNA와 $65^{\circ}C$에서 60분간 반응시켰을 때, 벼멸구 시료에서만 증폭 산물들이 관찰되었다. BPH-92 LAMP 프라이머 세트로 $65^{\circ}C$에서 벼멸구 DNA의 양(0.1 ng, 1 ng, 10 ng, 100 ng)과 반응시간(20분, 30분, 40분, 60분)을 달리하여 형광반응을 관찰하였을 때, 20분과 30분 반응에서는 100 ng 까지에서도 발광여부 구별이 어려웠다. 그러나 40분 반응에서는 10 ng 이상에서, 60분 반응에서는 0.1 ng 이상에서 발광여부가 명확히 구별되었다. Estimates of evolutionary sequence divergence and inference of a phylogenetic tree for eight delphacid planthopper species were based on the full-length nucleotide sequence of the internal transcribed spacer 2 (ITS2) region. Size of the ITS2 DNA sequence varied from 550 bp in Sogatella furcifera to 699 bp in Nilaparvata muiri. Nucleotide sequence distance ($d{\pm}S.E.$) was lowest between N. muiri and N. bakeri ($0.001{\pm}0.001$), and highest between Ecdelphax cervina and Stenocranus matsumurai ($0.579{\pm}0.021$). Sequence distance between N. lugens and other planthoppers ranged from $0.056{\pm}0.008$ (N. muiri) to $0.548{\pm}0.021$ (S. matsumurai). In the neighbor-joining phylogenetic tree, all planthoppers were clustered separately into a species group, except N. muiri and N. bakeri. The ITS2 nucleotide sequence of N. lugens was used to design four loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) primer sets (BPH-38, BPH-38-1, BPH-207, and BPH-92) for N. lugens species-specific detection. After the LAMP reaction of three rice planthoppers, N. lugens, S. furcifera, and Laodelphax striatellus, with the four LAMP primer sets for 60 min at $65^{\circ}C$, LAMP products were observed in the genomic DNA of N. lugens only. In the BPH-92 LAMP primer set, the fluorescence relative to that of the negative control differed according to the amount of DNA (0.1 ng, 10 ng, and 100 ng) and incubation duration (20 min, 30 min, 40 min, and 60 min). At $65^{\circ}C$ incubation, the difference was clearly observed after 40 min with 10 ng and100 ng, but with a 60-min incubation period, the minimum DNA needed was 0.1 ng. However, there was little difference in fluorescence among all DNA amounts tested with 20 or 30 min incubations.

천연 건강식품인 누에의 과거, 현재 그리고 미래

김기영(Kee-Young Kim),고영호(Young Ho Koh) 한국식품과학회 2022 식품과학과 산업 Vol.55 No.2

인간이 최소 8,500년 이상 이용하고 섭취를 해온 누에는 화학물질과 공해에 매우 민감하다. 뽕나무 밭이나 누에를 키우는 잠실 근처의 농작물 재배용 밭이나 과수원에서 병해충 방제를 위해 살포한 농약이 비산 되면, 매우 적은 양의 농약이 누에의 먹이가 되는 뽕나무 잎을 오염시키거나, 잠실로 침투해도 누에 유충은 섭식을 더 이상 하지 않아서 성장을 멈추고 죽는 특징이 있다(양잠보급과, 2022). 그리고, 누에 유충은 가축 배설물에서 나는 냄새와 차량통행에서 나오는 공해 물질과 먼지에도 매우 민감하므로(양잠보급과, 2022), 정상적으로 성장한 누에는 천연식품으로 간주할 수 있다. 누에제품들에 대한 성분분석결과를 보면 5령3일 동결건조 누에 분말(권해용 등, 2019)과 홍잠 분말(Ji 등, 2016, 2017, 2019)에서는 중금속이 전혀 검출되지 않는다. 그러므로, 누에를 이용하여 제조된 제품들의 안전성은 다른 곤충식품이나 육류에 비하여 매우 높다. 하지만, 누에는 오로지 뽕 나뭇잎 만을 섭취하고, 5령 동안 전 생애 섭취하는 뽕 나뭇잎의 80%이상을 섭취하기 때문에 단 기간 고강도의 노동이 필요하므로, 제품의 단가가 높은 단점을 가지고 있다. 이러한 문제점을 해결하기 위해서는 누에 사육에 자동화 시스템을 도입해서, 노동력 투입을 줄이면서 품질이 일정한 제품을 생산할 수 있어야 한다. 현재 선진국들은 의생명과학의 발전과 개인 위생의 증진으로 기대수명이 빠르게 늘어나고 있다. 대한민국을 포함한 많은 여러 선진국은 2030년에 기대수명이 90세를 초과할 것이라고 예측되고 있다(Kontis 등, 2017). 하지만, 65세 이상의 노인은 하나 이상의 만성질환으로 고통을 받고 있어서 기대수명(또는 기대여명)과 질병없이 건강하게 살아가는 건강수명과는 9년 내외의 차이가 나고 있다(Garmany 등, 2021). 2021년 현재 노인인구의 비율은 16.5%이지만(통계청, 2021), 노인이 사용하는 건강보험 진료비 비율은 2020년에 이미 총 진료비에서 43.4%에 도달하였다(건강보험심사평가원, 2021). 그러므로, 향후 개인과 국가의 의료비용을 절감하기 위해서는 건강수명을 늘려야 한다. 누에의 산물들은 다양한 건강증진 효과가 있고(표1과 2), 인류가 이미 8500년 이상 섭취를 하여온 대부분의 사람들에게는 부작용이 없는 식품이다. 그리고 누에 산물 중 홍잠의 경우는 동물 모델의 건강수명을 증진시켜 줌이 알려져 있으므로(Choi 등, 2017b; Mai 등, 2022; Nguyen 등, 2016; Park 등, 2022), 향후 홍잠을 이용한 새로운 제품을 개발하고 판매하여 대중화되면, 국민들의 건강수명이 증대됨으로서 의료비용의 감소를 가져오고 개인의 행복이 증진될 것이다. Humans have been breeding the mulberry silkworm for the long period of time to obtain silk fabric and nutrient-rich pupae. Currently, silkworm larvae, pupae, and silk-Fibroin hydrolysates are registered as food raw materials, while silkworm feces and Bombyx batryticatus are registered as Korean traditional medicines. Among sericulture products, individually recognized health functional food ingredients include silk-protein acid-hydrolysates for immunity enhancement, Fibroin-hydrolysates for memory improvement, and freeze-dried 5<SUP>th</SUP> instar and 3<SUP>rd</SUP>-day-silkworm powder for lowering-blood sugar. Recently, HongJam produced by steaming and freeze-drying mature silkworms were reported to have various health-promoting effects such as preventing the onset of Alzheimer’s disease and Parkinson’s disease, enhancing gastro-intestinal functions, improving skin-whitening and hair growth, and extending healthspan. By consuming silkworm products with various health-promoting effects, it is possible to increase the healthspan of human beings, thereby reducing personal and national medical expenses, resulting in increasing the individual’s happiness.