Prepubertal unilateral gynecomastia in the absence of endocrine abnormalities

강민,이찬재,황일태,이관섭,강민재 대한소아내분비학회 2014 Annals of Pediatirc Endocrinology & Metabolism Vol.19 No.3

Gynecomastia is defined as the excessive development of breast tissue in males, which can occur as unilateral or bilateral. Although the overall prevalence of gynecomastia is 40%–65%, the prepubertal unilateral gynecomastia in the absence of endocrine abnormalities is unusual, with only a few case reports in literature. Idiopathic gynecomastia in prepuberty is benign but a diagnosis of exclusion. We here report two cases of healthy prepubertal boys aged 8.8 and 9.6 years old, respectively, presented with painful palpable mass in their unilateral breast. Breast tissue with glandular proliferation was confirmed on ultrasonography. Serum levels of estradiol, testosterone, and other laboratory findings were within normal range. They seem to have the prepubertal idiopathic gynecomastia but further follow-up to see their progression is needed.

취약계층 청소년을 위한 효과적인 멘토링 슈퍼비전의 요소

강민철(姜旻哲),김수임(金秀任),이아라(李아라) 서울대학교 교육연구소 2015 아시아교육연구 Vol.16 No.2

본 연구의 목적은 취약계층 청소년의 특성을 확인하고 이를 바탕으로 이들에 대한 멘토링을 효과적으로 진행하기 위해 멘토링 슈퍼비전에서 필요한 요소들을 알아보는 데 있다. 이를 위해 먼저, 취약계층 멘토링에 참여하고 있는 중학생 144명과 일반 중학생 418명을 대상으로 개인내적 특성, 사회성, 진로, 학업의 4가지 영역에서 잠재적 능력을 비교하였다. 다음으로 멘토링 슈퍼비전 경험을 가진 상담전문가 7인을 대상으로 포커스 그룹 인터뷰를 실시하였다. Kruger(1997)가 제시한 단계별 지침에 따라 실시된 포커스 그룹 인터뷰를 통해 우선 취약계층 멘티의 특성과 이들에게 효과적인 도움을 주기 위해 요구되는 멘토의 역량에 대해 확인한 후, 이를 바탕으로 멘토들을 성공적으로 지도하는데 필요한 슈퍼비전의 내용은 무엇인지 살펴보았다. 연구 결과, 취약계층 청소년은 일반 청소년에 비해 자신감, 자기조절, 진로목표설정, 진로가치 건전성, 진로목표달성 효능감, 학습태도, 학업적 효능감에 있어 유의하게 낮은 잠재력 수준을 보였다. 포커스 그룹 인터뷰 결과, 취약계층 멘티의 특성으로 자신감부족, 낮은 진로포부, 사회적 기본교육 부족, 비행의 위험 등의 네 범주가, 취약계층 멘티들을 효과적으로 돕기 위해 멘토에게 요구되는 역량으로 멘티 특성의 이해, 신뢰감 형성, 다양한 교육 및 생활지도 기술 등의 세 범주가 각각 도출되었다. 효과적인 슈퍼비전의 요소는 멘토 역량 강화와 멘토 지원의 두 범주로 구분되었고, 전자는 멘티 이해 교육과 멘티 정보 제공, 신뢰할 만한 관계형성 및 경계설정 지도, 다양한 교육 콘텐츠 제공의 세 가지 하위범주로, 후자는 격려 및 지지, 책임한계 설정의 두 가지 하위범주로 도출되었다. 이러한 결과가 멘토링과 상담영역에 갖는 함의에 대해 논의하였다. This study explored the characteristics of at-risk adolescents, and sought to identify factors essential to mentoring supervision in order to implement effective mentoring for at-risk adolescents. For this, potential capacity in domains of intrapersonal characteristics, sociality, career, and academics of 144 middle school students participating in a mentoring program for at-risk adolescents were compared with those of 418 regular middle school students. Then, focus group interviews were conducted to find out the characteristics of at-risk mentees and the essential competencies required by mentors as well as the contents of supervision that will successfully guide the mentors. Quantitative study results revealed that at-risk middle school students had significantly lower levels of confidence, self-control, career goal setting, career value integrity, career goal attainment efficacy, study attitude, and academic efficacy compared with the regular student group. According to the focus group interview, at-risk students showed lack of confidence, low career aspirations, insufficient basic social education, and vulnerability to delinquency. To effectively help these students, mentors should have a good understanding of these characteristics of mentees, establish trusting relationships, and possess capacity for diverse teaching and guidance capabilities. Lastly, supervision for mentors should include educating about mentee’s characteristics, delivering information on mentees, giving guidance for developing trusting relationships and setting adequate boundaries, offering diverse educational contents, establishing clear-cu lines of responsibility, and providing encouragements.

중국 도시 주거 공간의 연구 : 주택 평면 계획의 변화 발전을 중심으로

강민 한국공간디자인학회 2007 한국공간디자인학회논문집 Vol.2 No.2

주택 건설은 인간의 생존과 긴밀한 관계를 갖고 있으며 각각 다른 시기의 사람들은 거주 조건에 대한 요구도 필요로 하고 있다. 그리고 중국 도시 거주 공간의 발전과 변화에 대한 연구를 통하여 미래 거주 공간의 발전 방향을 설정하고 디자이너로써 주택 평면 계획및 디자인의 발전 추세를 더욱 잘 파악하도록 함으로써 새로운 거주 공간의 개념을 확정하고 동시에 더 많은 과학기술의 새로운 성과를 디자인에 사용하여야 한다. 그리고 이로 인해 건강하고 보람 있는 녹색 신생활을 창출하게 될 것이다 The construction of dwelling house is closely related to survival of mankind, people have different requirements to dwelling conditions in different periods, through research on the development and change of the dwelling space of Chinese cities, the development direction of dwelling space in future is sought, so that designers can better grasp the development trends of dwelling design, ascertain new idea of dwelling space, and apply more new scientific and technological achievements in the design, and the design will create green, healthy and meaningful new life.

危機對處政策의 類型에 관한 硏究 : 國家自律性과 「維新」 The State Autonomy and YUSHIN

姜珉,朱秀基,姜太勳 단국대학교 1985 論文集 Vol.19 No.-

The important issue in understanding the dependent capitalist state appears to be concerned with the state role and state autonomy. In this vein, the functions and characteristics of the state need to be reanalyzed in their interrelationships. Under what condition and circumstance enjoy autonomy from the ruling classes and others? How are the state autonomy and the policy mechanism interrelated in the crisis situations? These are primary concerns in this study. The purpose of the present study is to formulate a conceptual framework for analyzing the policy styles of crisis management and, then, apply the formulated framework to an actual case (YUSHIN is selected in this study). To do so, the study reviews ⅰ) the state role and crisis dimensions, ⅱ) the situational determinants and variables in the state autonomy, and ⅲ) the instrumental autonomy and policy styles. In order to understand the crisis syndromes of national security during the Third Republic, the present study places its emphases on the undermining factors in inter-Korean relations, those changes in international context, and the disturbances in international political economy. Then, the present study focuses upon the capital accumulation, the legitimacy crisis and the stateautonomy in terms of state unity, state power, cohesiveness of the ruling class, and activation of the popular class. The following conclusions are secured from this study on the policy styles of crisis management by examining the state autonomy and YUSHIN. First. The state managers have demonstrated an active attitude in coping with the immediate problems, and their styles of policy implementation can be characterized by the imposition pattern--rather than by the consensus pattern. Second. The aforementioned policy pattern resulted in the concentration ofl politiacal power on the part of the President and his subordinate technocrats. Third. Thus, the state autonomy has been strengthened furthermore. In other words, state unity, the cohesiveness of the ruling class and state power have been reinforced consequently. Fourth. The political and economic demands of the popular classes, which have been increased in the process of industrialization, became greatly activated. Finally, it emerged as a political force which could decrease the level of state autonomy. Fifth. Viewed from a comparative perspective, YUNSHIN reveals some distinctive characteristics in comparison with other crisis situations. In YUSHIN, the military did not participate actively and openly in coping with the crisis, and it stood on the same side with the ruling elites in the existing political system. In other words, the military directly intervened into the political scene with physical forces in the crises such as 「4.19」,「5.16」and「10.26」. To the contrary, in the case of YUNSHIN, the crisis was rather successfully managed only with the side support from the military.

재활용 스티로폴의 물성저하에 대한 연구

강민,김륜관,윤태호 한국고분자학회 1997 한국고분자학회 학술대회 연구논문 초록집 Vol.1997 No.10

新興工業國의 國家役割 : 比較論的 接近 A Comparative Perspective

姜珉 단국대학교 1989 論文集 Vol.23 No.-

The role of the state in the South Korea and Taiwan as newly industrializing countries is correctly understood in the context of the reproduction of the state structure. The state structure is constituted by the state role and institutional organizations, and the structure has two dimensions: one is class domination, the other is organizations. These dimensions induce influence to the reproduction process of the state structure through the state power. The author has concluded in this article as follows: First, the roles as entreprenur and planner in the economic intervention by the state are important functions in industrializing the South Korea and Taiwan. Second, the state plays a crucial role in controlling the working class in both countries. Third, security-oriented state in the South Korea and Taiwan has institutionalized the coersive apparatus systematicly, enioying the strong state autonomy and powers. Fourth, the bureaucratic system in both countries was expanded in the process of economic growth, and the system has tended toward technocratic orientations. Fifth, the class conflicts has been increasing during the dependent development in the South Korea and Taiwan.

중국 환경디자인 교육에 있어서 입체 구성교육문제에 관한 연구

강민,이정교 한국공간디자인학회 2009 한국공간디자인학회논문집 Vol.4 No.2

오늘날 세계는 이미 21세기의 정보화시대에 진입했다. 사회의 진보와 과학기술의 발전으로 인해 예술분야도 급발전이 이루어질 것이다. 그러므로 본 논문은 중국의 몇 십년간 예술디자인 영역의 변화를 중점적으로 분석했다. 그 중에서 환경디자인 영역에 대한 범위를 갖고 어떻게 현실 환경에 적응하며 새로운 창의능력 인재를 육성시키는 교육 방향에 대해서 검토한다. 특히 기초디자인에서 입체구성은 일종의 조형훈련의 기초과정이므로, 입체구성의 기본개념과 교육 방법이 환경디자인의 인재 창조력과 심미능력 육성에 어떠한 관계 및 영향이 있는지에 대해 연구하였다. 연구방법은 체계적으로 중국 입체구성의 교육적 개념 및 이를 포함하는 내용에 대하여 연구하였으며, 학생작품과 사례연구의 비교 및 분석을 통해 입체구조가 조형훈련의 일종으로 기초 과정이 되었다는 것을 규명하였다. 그리고 입체구조 교육의 기초 내용과 훈련방법이 환경디자인 인재 창조력과 심미능력의 향상에 영향을 미치는 중요 영역이라는 것을 제시하며, 앞으로 입체구성교육 및 환경디자인 교육 방향에 대하여 연구한다. The present world has entered the information era of the 21st century, the social development and scientific development will certainly bring about unprecedented juncture of rapid growth for art. This paper emphatically analyzes the change in the design idea of people in the domain of environmental art design in China in the recent tens of years, as well as there search on the teaching direction of how to adapt to the realistic environment, and cultivate new type of creative talents, it elaborates the basic content of three-dimensional structure as a fundamental course for molding training, as well as the importance of training method on the cultivation of the creative ability and aesthetic ability of environmental art design talent, by means of research and comparison, new orientation is sought and expanded for three-dimensional structure teaching.

독서혁명은 가능한가

강민,유민영,임영재,이승우,정현진 단국대학 1982 檀苑 Vol.12 No.1

體制的 危機의 政治經濟學 : 公共政策의 構造的 分析

姜珉 한국정치학회 1980 한국정치학회보 Vol.14 No.-

公共政策의 構造的 分析

姜珉 한국정치학회 1979 한국정치학회보 Vol.13 No.-