인터뷰 평가에서 면접관 발화연구

김종국 한국중앙영어영문학회 2007 영어영문학연구 Vol.49 No.2

A Study on the interviewer discoursein an oral proficiency interview test response)61피드백 표지어 사용(Using Feedback markers)514수험자의 발화 수정(Correcting errors)310어휘 보충(Supplying vocabulary)50주요 질문(Asking agenda questions)4723기타 질문들(Asking non-agenda questions)12580

Testosterone Relaxes Rabbit Seminal Vesicle by Calcium Channel Inhibition

김종국,한우하,이무열,명순철,김세철,김민기 대한약리학회 2008 The Korean Journal of Physiology & Pharmacology Vol.12 No.2

Recent studies have documented that testosterone relaxes several smooth muscles by modulating K+ channel activities. Smooth muscles of seminal vesicles play a fundamental role in ejaculation, which might involve testosterone. This study was aimed to assess the role of testosterone in seminal vesicular motility by studying its effects on contractile agents and on the ion channels of single vesicular myocytes in a rabbit model. The contractile responses of circular smooth muscle strips of rabbit seminal vesicles to norepinephrine (10μM), a high concentration of KCl (70 mM), and testosterone (10μM) were observed. Single vesicular myocytes of rabbit were isolated using proteolytic enzymes including collagenase and papain. Inside-out, attached, and whole-cell configurations were examined using the patch clamp technique. The applications of 10μM norepinephrine or 70 mM KCl induced tonic contractions, and 10μM testosterone (pharmacological concentration) evoked dose-dependent relaxations of these precontracted strips. Various K+ channel blockers, such as tetraethylammonium (TEA; 10 mM), iberiotoxin (0.1μM), 4-aminopyridine (4-AP, 10μM), or glibenclamide (10μM) rarely affected these relaxations. Single channel data (of inside-out and attached configurations) of BK channel activity were also hardly affected by testosterone (10μM). On the other hand, however, testosterone reduced L-type Ca²+ currents significantly, and found to induce acute relaxation of seminal vesicular smooth muscle and this was mediated, at least in part, by Ca²+ current inhibition in rabbit. Recent studies have documented that testosterone relaxes several smooth muscles by modulating K+ channel activities. Smooth muscles of seminal vesicles play a fundamental role in ejaculation, which might involve testosterone. This study was aimed to assess the role of testosterone in seminal vesicular motility by studying its effects on contractile agents and on the ion channels of single vesicular myocytes in a rabbit model. The contractile responses of circular smooth muscle strips of rabbit seminal vesicles to norepinephrine (10μM), a high concentration of KCl (70 mM), and testosterone (10μM) were observed. Single vesicular myocytes of rabbit were isolated using proteolytic enzymes including collagenase and papain. Inside-out, attached, and whole-cell configurations were examined using the patch clamp technique. The applications of 10μM norepinephrine or 70 mM KCl induced tonic contractions, and 10μM testosterone (pharmacological concentration) evoked dose-dependent relaxations of these precontracted strips. Various K+ channel blockers, such as tetraethylammonium (TEA; 10 mM), iberiotoxin (0.1μM), 4-aminopyridine (4-AP, 10μM), or glibenclamide (10μM) rarely affected these relaxations. Single channel data (of inside-out and attached configurations) of BK channel activity were also hardly affected by testosterone (10μM). On the other hand, however, testosterone reduced L-type Ca²+ currents significantly, and found to induce acute relaxation of seminal vesicular smooth muscle and this was mediated, at least in part, by Ca²+ current inhibition in rabbit.

열저장을 위한 sodium acetate trihydrate 및 stearic acid 의 core 제조와 캡슐화

김종국,설용건,이태규,주현규,윤우석,전명석 한국화학공학회 2000 Korean Chemical Engineering Research(HWAHAK KONGHA Vol.38 No.5

50-60℃에서 녹는점을 갖는 잠열저장물질 중 무기염 수화물로는 비조화 축열제인 sodium acetate trihydrate(SAT)와 유기물로는 stearic acid(SA)를 1㎜이하의 구형입자로 제조한 후 코팅을 수행하였다. SAT의 상분리 및 과냉각 현상을 방지하기 위하여 gelatin과 sodium pyrophospate dechydrate(Na₄P₂O_7·10H₂O)를 첨가하여 poly methyl methacrylate(PMMA)와 wax로 다중코팅하였고, SA는 PMMA, polyurethane(PU), silicon으로 각각 단일코팅하였다. 광학현미경, Scanning Electron Microscopy(SEM), Thermogravimetry(TG), Differential Scanning Calorimetry(DSC)로 입자의 구형도, morphology, 코팅층의 두께 및 내열성 그리고 용융-동결 싸이클 진행에 따른 흡열-발열 및 과냉각 정도를 확인하였다. 그 결과 10-20 ㎛ 두께로 균일하게 코팅된 구형의 Phase Change Material(PCM) 입자 SEM분석을 통해서 관찰되었으며 코팅후 SAT의 경우 12회 싸이클 진행에 따른 잠열량은 50-60 ㎈/g으로 일정하나 과냉각은 10℃정도가 되는 것을 확인하였다. 반면 SA입자 코팅층의 내열적 안정성은 PU>PMMA>silicon 순으로 나타났으며 PU코팅의 경우 잠열량은 약 35 ㎈/g으로 일정하였고 과냉각 없이 용융-동결 반복 후에도 코팅층이 안정된 것으로 확인하였다. Cores(< 1 ㎜ diameter) of organic stearic acid(SA) and inorganic sodium acetate trihydrate(SAT) as phase change material(PCM) with a melting point in the range of 50-60℃ were manufactured. Single-layer coating was performed for 5A cores with poly urethane(PU), poly methyl methacrylate(PMMA), and silicon, respectively, while tertiary-layer coating was performed for SAT cores with PMMA and Wax. In case of SAT, gelatin as thickener and sodium pyrophosphate decahydrate(Na₄P₂O_7·10H₂O) as nucleator were added to prevent the phase separation and the supercooling respectively. Coated PCMs were analyzed by optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy(SEM), thermogravimetry(TG), arid differential scanning calorimetry(DSC) to investigate their morphology, coating thickness, thermal stability. As a result, we obtained the ball-shaped PCM cores with the uniform coating thickness of 10-20 ㎛, constant latent heat of 50-60 ㎈/g and 35 ㎈/g in case of SAT and SA respectively. But l0 ℃ of supercooling was observed for SAT after 12th cycle of thaw-freezing test, while no supercooling was observed for the SA coated with PU. Thermal stability of the coating polymers used in SA decreased in the order of PU, PMMA and silicon.

음극 진공 아크 증착기술의 응용

김종국,이건환,변응선,권식철 한국표면공학회 2004 한국표면공학회 학술발표회 초록집 Vol.2004 No.-

액상제제의 처방설계 및 제조공정 : 안약 및 정맥 주사제의 처방 설계

김종국 한국약제학회 1990 제제기술워크샵 Vol.- No.2

리포좀을 이용한 생리활성물질의 면역학적 분석법

김종국,박경미 한국약제학회 1994 Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation Vol.24 No.4

Recent development in the immunochemical technique has resulted in a new ultrasensitive analytical method known as liposome immunoassay (LIA). Liposome is a key element in performing liposome immunoassays, specifically designed to participate in immune reactions. A variety of markers can be encapsulated in liposomes and used as quantitative indicators of reactions. Liposome immunoassay based on agglutination, complement-mediated lysis, cytolysin-mediated lysis, detergent-mediated lysis or destabilization of the liposomal membrane have been reviewed. The quantity of markers released from liposomes should be proportional to the concentration of the analyses. Therefore, liposomal agglutination and lysis which are essential to liposomal lysis are critically reviewed to provide a better understanding of liposome immunoassay. Based on the literature review of recent advances in liposome immunoassay for bioactive substances, this assay method may provide a convenient, specific and highly sensitive method for detecting and measuring trace amount of clinically relevant substances in the future.

전처리 및 건조방법에 따른 곶감의 품질변화

김종국,손태화,문광덕 한국식생활문화학회 1993 韓國食生活文化學會誌 Vol.8 No.4

건시의 품질향상을 위하여 국내 유명산지의 건시를 시료로 하여 건시의 제조시험과 품질평가에 관한 기초자료로서 그 품질요소를 조사하였다. 건시의 수분함량은 30-36%였으며, 탄닌함량은 0-20%로 무처리구는 CO₂와 alcohol 처리구보다 그 함량이 높게 나타났다. 전당함량은 55-60%였고 그 구성은 glucose와 fructose로 구성되어 있었다. 열풍건조에 의한 건시의 제조는 천일건조보다 그 품질이 전반적으로 우수하였으며 특히 slice 한 제품의 품질은 전과의 경우보다 비교적 우수하였다. This study was performed to improved the quality of dried persimmon. For this, the investigation of quality factor and processing experiments were performed. The moisture contents of dried persimmons were 30 to 36% and it was the most important component of the quality. Tannin contents were 0 to 20% and non-treated persimmon had higher tannin contents than treatment of carbon dioxide and alcohol. Total sugar contents were 55 to 60% and it was composed in glucose and fructose. Processing of dried persimmon by artificial-drying seemed to be useful when it needed to shorten the drying time or it continued rainy day during sun-drying. From the result of quality evaluation, sliced dried persimmon was better than whole dried persimmon in quality, so the sliced dried persimmon was expected that it has a little marketability.

潰瘍性大腸炎의 槪念에 對한 最近知見

金鍾局,李祥鍾 大韓消化器病學會 1972 大韓消化器病學會雜誌 Vol.4 No.1

용융황 침투에 의한 콘크리트 구조물의 물성 증진에 관한 연구

김종국,오준택,설용건,김우식 한국세라믹학회 1989 한국세라믹학회지 Vol.26 No.6

This study aims to reinforce concrete structure by impregnation of molten sulfur. The improved properties of sulfur impregnated concerete were confirmed by compressive strength test and water proof effect. Following variables were adopted to evaluate impregnation parameters ; 1) the effect of water content in concrete structure (0-8%) 2) impregnation time of molten sulfur(0-22hr) 3) impregnation temprature of molten sulfur(13$0^{\circ}C$, 14$0^{\circ}C$). In partial ponding experiments, the concrete specimen of sulfur impregnated by 2wt% yields 1.5 times higher value of compressive strength than that of control one(non-impregnated concerte). In complete ponding experiments, the mortar specimen of slufur impregnated by 12-14wt% yields 2-3 times higher value of compressive strength than that of control one (non-impregnated mortar). From the examination of X-ray diffractions, $\alpha$-sulfur was found in concrete pores. Homogeneous impregation of molten sulfur into concrete pores was also identified with poresize analysis and micrographs of SEM.

음성 합성 및 발성 변환 기술

김종국,이기영,배명진 대한전자공학회 2004 전자공학회지 Vol.31 No.6

음성은 인간과 인간의 의사소통 수단으로 가장 편리하게 사용되는 매체이다. 음성 중에는 여러 가지 정보가 포함되어 있지만 가장 기본적이고 중요한 것이 의미정보 즉 언어적 정보이다. 또한 음성에는 누가 말하고 있는가를 나타내는 개인성 정보, 말하는 사람의 감정을 전해주는 정서 정보 등이 있다.(중략)